叔本华《探寻人生痛苦之源》精华摘要（Schopenhauer's abstract of exploring the source of pain in life）

1、叔本华探寻人生痛苦之源精华摘要（Schopenhauers abstract of exploring the source of pain in life）Explore the life source of painAuthor introductionArtur? Schopenhauer (Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788 - 1860) German philosopher. He inherited Kant to distinguish between phenomena and noumena. Unlike his contemporaries Fichte

2、, Xie Lin and Hagel to cancel the thing in itself, he insisted on the matter in itself, and that it can be recognized through intuitive and will be identified as. Independent of time and space, all rational and knowledge are subordinate to it. People have to flee in aesthetic contemplation. It is Sc

3、hopenhauer famous extreme pessimism and the theory together, that will dominate will only lead to emptiness and pain. His understanding of the mind to organs, desires and impulses of the depression, the distorted prophecy of psychoanalysis and psychology. He is fluent in writing, clear thinking, hav

4、e great influence on later poetic prose discourse on later philosophical writings.Version: Beijing press / Master / speak / small first series exploring the life source of painCatalogThe nihility of existenceArticle second the suffering of the worldThird articles about human natureFourth pieces of f

5、ree will and fateFifth papers on noiseSixth articles about womenSeventh appearanceEighth moral instinctNinth think aloneBrief introduction: this book contains a part of Schopenhauers prose explore the philosophy of life, the pain, the first three text can directly reflect the source of pain in life,

6、 after a few articles from the perception of some specific things, makes some direct cause of human suffering. Then when you realize he as a philosopher is profound, he revealed the unique life tragedy, absurdity, hypocrisy and misfortune; as a sensitive poet, his thinking about human nature, such a

7、s life, status, honor, wealth, wisdom, ethics and aesthetics of poetic and thought-provoking.The first chapter is the existence of nothingness- the so-called glorious life, but is in fact the desire of the prisoner- since only the present is real, everything else is only thinking of the game, then g

8、o to enjoy the moment, as well as the purpose of life, this is the greatest wisdom.In a brief moment of life, poker-faced behavior is just a farce.The second chapter is the suffering of the worldIn May, in misery, the greatest comfort than others not more than their own, and this situation seems to

9、be comforting to all open. But for the whole mankind, this is how terrible fate ah!- on the real future of ignorance is a blessing for us.- I think I cannot make people happy philosophy, that is because I tell the truth. So, go to the priest, let the philosophers kept silent.- for happiness is not a

10、ccording to the measure of happiness, but according to the degree of pain to get rid of.- on physical happiness, a person may not be better than an animal, but his nervous system can make him happy for these things is more sensitive.The main source of human - all the passion lies to the past and fut

11、ure of this meditation, meditation was accompanied by human beings, which has a strong influence on human behavior.- the most unfortunate people who put their official goal in life in the purse and never think that they can only get tired of the pain. They each to a place, the only concern is to get

12、 what entertainment. Like a beggar can give relief to only care about what.We expect more - for something, happiness is smaller. However, the joy of animal cannot be expected, there wont be happy due to reduced pain, therefore, in the moment of happiness is the pink of perfection. Similarly, animal

13、misfortunes only from its nature, and for us, unfortunately the fear will bring us ten times.- this is the registration sequence of a phenomenon, each level needs to another level of sacrifice for the premise.- forgive! Regardless of human stupidity, defects and evil is how terrible,Let us learn to

14、tolerate. Remember, no matter when and where these problems occur, they can be seen as stupid and evil man. This is the human common shortcomings, it belongs to every one of us. Indeed, even if we are full of indignation of these defects, it is only because they are not in themselves. These defects

15、not only on the surface, but also deeply rooted in our nature. What will they have once excited, they will appear in the US, as in others.The third chapter is about human natureNo matter what the person you meet, dont attempt to according to the value and dignity to make objective and accurate evalu

16、ation of the. Dont pay attention to his malicious or narrow comprehension and corrupt thoughts, the former will make you hate, and the latter will make you despise. However, you must pay attention to his suffering, his appeal, his anxiety, his pain. In this way, you will feel with him and you will b

17、e sympathetic, related by flesh and blood, will replace hatred and contempt, and bring the gospel of peace. Of course this way to eliminate hatred and contempt not because of the so-called human dignity, on the contrary, because people realize that is worthy of sympathy.When a person is attracted to

18、 the pleasure of animal physiology, will he has him confused. When he is attracted and reconciled to the thrill of the moment, his behavior will be reckless.People will be the starting point of life - located in the embrace of wealth, so the short sensory pleasure is calculation and planning of mone

19、y.Every advantage of human beings - and one with relative disadvantages, similarly, each kind of disadvantage is also linked with an advantage. Therefore, if we misunderstand someone, often is because in acquaintance with him at the beginning of his one weakness with the advantages associated with t

20、he disadvantages of the confusion up. Thus, caution is seen as weak reference is seen as waste become stingy, generous, rude is straightforward, and those who are more more brave than wise is considered to be a highly confident person.- if you can see loyalty from the dogs face, so how to get rid of

21、 the inexhaustible hypocrisy and cunning?Our civilization is not a masquerade ball? They themselves are not dressed up, people only see the mask, while under the mask, you found is just at a living people.- Schadenfreude, kind delight in other peoples misfortunes, is the worst features of human natu

22、re.- even the genius of wisdom, if it has not arrogant and confident, contempt for the world, it has to ask for forgiveness for their existence, otherwise it is not for the world.- envy in the same unfortunate, because once he hit known to others, so the fight becomes weak and feeble. Therefore, if

23、he wants to secretly started his own actions, it must be careful to hide their feelings.In this world, how many people has been widely acclaimed for modesty and humility, is to let oneself and the ordinary people. However, this virtue is by showing people dilemma with jealousy, to arouse peoples att

24、ention.The fourth chapter of free will and fate- a person living alone in the wild with another person for the first time, two people will do what? Pulendorf believes that they will become friends; Hobbes, on the contrary, that they will become the enemy, but Rousseau believes they will quietly pass

25、.- extremely lonely than stay in a group of traitors in good.All influence - example is very strong, it is based on the fact that in general, a few individuals have their own judgment, and often because of lack of knowledge does not have the ability to explore their own way, so he would tread on peo

26、ples footprints. Accordingly, the more he is lack of these qualities, the more influence on the example of the open, in fact, we found that the majority of people who are out of other peoples example, in big and small, their whole life is only in imitation of coming to an end, even in some of the li

27、ttle things on,Their behavior is not their own judgment. Imitation and practice is the source of almost all human behavior, which is why people think almost to the exclusion of any type, and do not trust their insight. At the same time, the human is very strong and clear instinct of imitation that h

28、e and ape relatives.- is, morality, as example as the teachings to promote the improvement of civilization promotion and legal system. But not the kind of heartfelt correction, strictly speaking, is a kind of moral improvement.The fifth chapter on noise- truck groom, Porter, who is burdened with the

29、 messenger like Yahoo human burden, they should definitely have a fair and reasonable treatment, should be tolerant and care, but they have no power to indulge in making noise, thus affecting the development and use of human capabilities on a higher level. I really want to know how many great ideas

30、are loathsome to sweep Whistler whip out of this world.The sixth chapter about women- nature had good design, let the woman has a charming appearance, they can use most of the time in life for a period of time of the beautiful and charming, in these years their beauty let a man head, cant wait to ta

31、ke care of them in a lifetime.One thing is more noble and elegant, it will slow the pace of the more mature more late. The man with the help of reason and mind of their own, most will become mature before the age of 28. A woman will mature at the age of 18, but her narrow maturity is very limited. T

32、his is why the womans life keep childish, because they always only see things, clinging to the moment, easy to be fooled by the phenomenon, when the sesame watermelon.The true meaning of the existence of women - is human population reproduction, their fate in the end, they had much to the human not

33、to live.In fact, they are called - no beauty animal is more reasonable. Music, poetry and other fine arts, will not touch them, let them have any real emotions. If they pretend to be impressed by what it is to please others, purely disgusting.Everything as to win men favor means is the nature of a w

34、oman, her interest in all other things are all false, purely in order to achieve her ultimate goal, such as flirt and arty.Because of their mediocrity, to the modern society set the tone, and let the society become their possessive social stage, fall.- marriage means the right of a person to let two

35、 people sharing, two personal responsibility by one person.Obedience is a womans nature, each in the anti human status absolutely independent woman will immediately his contact with a man together, is the control and domination, this is because she needs a master. If she was young, this man is her l

36、over; if she was old, he becomes her king.The seventh chapter looksIn a mans face can only be stranger reading.- people can control face expression through countless moments of expression change, which is why the wise only in old age can have a noble and solemn face, but only at a young age is sligh

37、tly exposed edge.- when a man alone, and indulge in their thoughts and feelings, he is completely in the sense of their own, is an absolute self. In his face already displayed all his thoughts and achievements, and he can not change the future and indulge in self-admiration meditation.- once the con

38、versation started, hide is produced.The eighth chapter moral instinctWhen good will take effect, the theoretical reason will be repressed, and become the servants of good will. That is why genius never for the behavior of looking for a reason.- when the desires and passions are aroused, we would lik

39、e an animal was filled with short desire; we will fall into anger, lust and fear at the moment, no good will,There is no logical understanding. However, at this moment, but also enable us to see the rational behavior and life between the chains, too strong to break this chain has already past or fut

40、ure decisions on the outcome of this is that full awareness of the passion together.- Goethe once lamented, the power of the human intellect sometimes more cruel than the wild animal. Because we dont realize the beast just to satisfy the desire, but the desire to become more sophisticated, and activ

41、ely stimulate it, to get the pleasure.- good will, through rational beliefs and moral principles to direct control of his actions, and not just to provide guidance, which is why a reasoning ability and understanding are very weak people can have high moral and unusual good. Because the most importan

42、t factor among people is not his intelligence and physical fitness.The ninth chapter think aloneIn the objective aspect of the interest can only find in the thoughts of the nature of mind, for these people, think like breathing as innate.- learning to let most of the people become more foolish than

43、they had before, but also to let them success in writing, as Pope said: they are always reading, but never reflect on.- only those directly using the World Book of talent is the thinker and genius, to illuminate the world and promote human progress.- reading substitutes only ones own thinking, in reading a person, allow my mind to be limited by constraints.