公共英语3级第二单元

1、 大学英语大学英语1 1 全国英语等级考试全国英语等级考试 （第三级）（第三级） LESSON 2 Home and Family 1.How many members are there in your family? 2.Try to describe your family members. gracious（慈祥的）;kind-hearted（善良的）;serious（严肃的） retire from 从.退修 inherit from 从.继承；从.得到 energetic adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的 by the way 顺便说一下 brother-in-law 姐夫 s

2、on-in-law 女婿 mother-in-law 岳母；婆婆 live life 热爱生活 promise to 承诺 Dialogues break up 分手；结束；打碎；衰落；解散 make up 弥补；组成；化妆；整理 work out 计算；解决；弄懂；制定出 take responsibility 负责 think over 仔细考虑 make up ones mind 下决心；决定 rather.than 宁可.也不要 make do with 勉强对付，设法应付 talk out of 说服某人不做某事 Dialogues Monologue generation gap

3、代沟 life-style 生活方式 be expected to 被期待做某事 approve of 赞成；许可；批准 occupation n.职业；占有 move out of 搬出；脱离；摆脱 upwardly adv.向上地 mobile adj.移动的；异变的；机动的 upwardly mobile （社会、经济地位）向上升的， 有上升趋势的 ambition n.志向，雄心，野心 PassageEnjoy the Round original adj.独创的，新颖的 teenager n.十几岁的青少年 optimism n.乐观；乐观主义 形容词：optimistic 反义词：

4、pessimistic impurturbable adj.沉着的；冷静的 同义词：cool,contained ability n.能力；才干 同义词：capacity crisis n.危机；危险期 opportunity n.机会；时机 growth n.生长，发展，增长 senior adj.高级的，地位较高的 representative n.代表 involve vt.包括，涉及 solve vt.解决，解答 philosophy n.哲学 golf n.高尔夫球 club n.棍棒，（高尔夫球等的）球棒 urge vt.催促，力劝 urge sb to do sth relax

5、vi.放松，休息，变从容 clue n.线索 eventually adv.最后 同义词：finally oddball adj.古怪的 同义词：strange/odd/curious Monologue division n.分割，分裂 have little in common 几乎无共同之处 take place 发生 同义词：occur;happen wisdom n.智慧；英明；名言 wisdom tooth 智齿 obsolete adj.过时的；陈旧的 同义词：out of fashion overnight adv.一夜之间 no doubt 无疑地 同义词：out of qu

6、estion PASSAGE-ENJOY THE ROUND imperturbable adj.沉着的； 冷静的； 泰然自若的； 沉着的 冷静的 seeas 把当做 representative n. 代表；继任者 life view 人生观 in a rush 急急忙忙，匆忙 urge v.催促，力劝；极力主张，强烈要求，号召 He urged the necessity for immediate action. 他极力主张马上采取必要的行动。 urge against 极力反对 urge sb. into doing/to do sth 催促/怂恿某人做某事 urge sth. on/

7、upon sb.向某人极力陈述某事 far too 极其，非常 clue n.线索 have no/not a clue 一无所知 give a clue to sth. 提供关于某事的线索 act as 担当， 起的作用；充；充当 means n.手段，方法；收入，财富 There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication. 毫无疑问，收音机和电视是信息交流的重要工具。 by all means 当然可以 by means of 通过；用；借助 by no means 决不，一点也不

8、by this means 用这种办法 oddball adj.古怪的 laugh off （对某事或某人）一笑置之 concern n.关心，关注；v.涉及，关系到 of concern 重要的；具有意义 be concerned about 关心 be concerned with 牵涉到，与有关，参与 She show great concern about you cancer n.癌；肿瘤 outskirts n.边界，（尤指）市郊 memorial adj.纪念的 bomber n.轰炸机 galnce at 匆匆看一下，迅速浏览，草草的读 glimpse 短促的、不完整的一瞥或一

9、看 glance 扫视，迅速的从一件东西转向另一件东西， 虽然仓促，但是看得很清楚。 He glanced at the clock and then rushed out of the house.他匆匆看了一下钟，然后冲出房子。 complexion n.面色 She has a pretty complexion.她面色秀丽。 at the rear of 在后面 crash v.坠毁，坠落；n.坠毁，撞击；轰隆巨响 with a crash 轰隆/咔嚓/哗啦一声 The air crashed over the sea. 飞机在海洋上坠毁。 pull away 扒开，掀开；开始移动 T

10、he crew pulled away pieces of the plane，bricks and soon caught up with the other boat. 船员开始划，不久就追上了另一条船。 parlor n.客厅，会客厅 speak about 讲起，说到，讨论及 He speak aout his plans for summer vacation. 他说到了他的暑假打算。 the night before 前一天晚上 cocky adj.骄傲的，自大的，过于自信的 its up to you 由你决定 wreckage n.（遭损毁之物的）残骸 prayer n.祈祷

11、partner n.搭档，（在网球或桥牌等体育 运动中）一队或一对之一 solemnly adv.严肃地，庄严地 同义词：seriously scatter vt.使分散，散播 cremate vt.火葬，葬化 bunker n.（高尔夫球场的）沙坑，障碍洞 状语从句状语从句 一、地点状语从句 二、时间状语从句 三、方式状语从句 四、结果状语从句 五、目的状语从句 六、让步状语从句 七、条件状语从句 八、原因状语从句 地点状语从句地点状语从句 一、引导地点状语从句的从属连词 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等： Put the medicine whe

12、re children cant reach it. 把药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。 You cant camp where wherever, anywhere you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。 Everywhere Jenny goes shes mistaken for her sister. 无论走到哪个地方，詹妮都被误认为是她妹妹。 地点状语从句一般置于主句之后 He lives where the climate is mild. 他住在一个气候温暖的地方。 Keep it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得见的地方。 根

13、据强调的需要，anywhere, everywhere和wherever也可以 放在句首。如： Anywhere she goes, he goes too. 不论她去哪儿，他也去哪儿。 Wherever I am l will be thinking of you. 我不论在哪儿，都会想你的。 Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。 where一般表示一个确定的但非特指的地点；wherever, anywhere 和 everywhere 表示“任何地方”。 The church was built where th

14、ere had once been a Roman temple. 教堂建在曾一度是罗马神庙的地方。 With a special train ticket you can travel wherever / anywhere / everywhere you like in Europe for just over100. 你如持有专车票，仅花一百多一点英镑，就可以到欧洲各地 旅行。 有些地点状语从句中有的词可以省略。如： Where possible, they tried to acquire colonies. 只要可能，他们就设法取得殖民地。 Avoid structures of

15、this kind wherever possible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构 时间状语从句时间状语从句 1. 基本类 包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as等。 We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。 Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。 Dont promise him anything till weve h

16、ad time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。 We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。 Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了 注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过 去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现 在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如： Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。 She said she would phon

17、e me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。 2. 名词类 即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等。如： I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。 Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。 3. 副词类 即由副词充

18、当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。 如： I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。 Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。 4. 短语类 主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如： Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。

19、 My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。 The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。 5. 句型类 包括no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等。如： I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家就下起雨来了。 如果hardly, scar

20、cely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装 结构。如： Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 与时间状语从句有关的时态问题 (1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通 常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态 Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。 I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。

21、(2) 与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态： He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了? 方式状语从句方式状语从句 一、引导方式状语从句的从属连词 主要的有as, as if, as though等： You must do as your parents tell you. 你必须按你父母说的去做。 I am as you can imagine short of money. 正如你能想像的我很缺钱。

22、They treated the child as if she were their own. 他们待这孩子像亲生的一样。 I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 整个这件事我记得很清楚，就仿佛是昨天发生似的。 有时like，the way也可用连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似 Nobody loves you like I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 She cant cook like her mother does. 她菜做得没有她妈那样好。 They didnt do it the way we do now.

23、 那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。 I cant help seeing things the way they do. 我禁不住也像他们那样看事物。 二、as if/ as though 的虚拟语气 He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他待我有如陌生人。 The stuffed dog barks as if it were a real one. 这个玩具狗叫起来像是真狗似的。 结果状语从句结果状语从句 一、引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that（以致，结果） ，sothat, suchthat（如此以至于）等。如： We arrived earl

24、y, so that we got good seats. 我们到得很早，因此我们座位很好。 It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming. 天气太热，我们想去游泳。 They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them. 他们都是出色的运动员，没有人能战胜他们。 I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我是那样忙，写信的时间都没有。 So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright

25、as by day. 月亮是那样亮，花都像白天时那样鲜艳。 二、sothat 与 suchthat 的用法比较 从用法上看，so后应接形容词或副词，而such后接名词。但 有时“so+形容词”后还可接一个名词，且这个名词总是带 不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)： 正：He is so clever a child that we all like him. 这小孩很聪明， 我们都喜欢他。 正：They are such clever children that we all like them. 这些孩 子很聪明，我们都很喜欢。 误：They are so clever c

26、hildren that we all like them. Its such an interesting film that we all want to see it. Its so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 这电影很有趣，我们都想看。 三、结果状语从句与不定式短语的转换 由so that和sothat引导的结果状语从句有时可与表结果的so as to和soas to引出的不定式短语转换： He arrived late so that he missed the train. He arrived late so as

27、 to miss the train. 他到得很迟，结果未赶上火车。 He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes. He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes. 他写得很仔细，所以没有出错。 目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so, that, so that, in order that ；in case, lest, for fear that等。从句中一般含有can, could, may, might, will, would 等情态动词。如： Speak clearly

28、 so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些，以便他们能理解你。 Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上以防下雨。 1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，可用不定式来表达相同 的意思。如： He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。 =He studies very hard so as to (=in order to) pass the exam. 2、so that 引导目的状语从句时有时可省略so而只用that，

29、有 时也可只用so： Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 Ill show you so you can see how its done. 我将做给你看，以便你知道应怎样干。 让步状语从句让步状语从句 一、引导让步状语从句的从属连词 although, though, as, while, even if/though, whetheror ，“疑 问词+ever”，“no matter+疑问词”等。如： Although/Though they are poor they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但

30、很快乐。 While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape. 虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你信还是不信，这的确是事实。 However (=No matter how) tired you may be, you must do it today. 不管怎样累, 你也得今天做。 1. as 作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表 语或动词必须置于句首，though 引导的让步状语从句，也可 将这些成分置于句

31、首，但 although 等其它词引导的让步状语 从句不能将这些成分前置。如： Hard as/though they tried (=Although/Though they tried hard), they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 2. 引导让步状语从句时，若提前的是可数名词单数，要省略 不定冠词。如： Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是孩子，但他却很懂事了。 3. 表示“虽然”的连词不能与表示“但是”的连词 but 连用 ，但可以 yet 或 still 等副词

32、连用。如： 译：虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。 误：Though it was raining, but he went there. 正：Though it was raining, he went there. 正：It was raining, but he went there. 正：Though it was raining, yet he went there. 条件状语从句条件状语从句 一、引导条件状语从句的从属连词： if, unless , as/so long as, while(=as long as), supposing (that)/provided /pro

33、viding (that), in case, on condition that等。 You can learn anything so long as you set your mind to learn it. 用心学本领，总能学到手。 He will do the work providing you pay him. 如果你能付费，他可以做这工作。 Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. 我们可以让你使用这个房间，条件是你把它保持整洁。 二、条件状语从句的时态 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意时，条件状语从句通常要用 一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态： Ill stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就呆在家里。 If you will