大果甜杨桃高产优质栽培技术（The high yield cultivation technique of Sweet Carambola Fruit）

1、大果甜杨桃高产优质栽培技术（The high yield cultivation technique of Sweet Carambola Fruit）The high yield cultivation technique of Sweet Carambola FruitI. establishment of orchards(a) garden and orchardSouth Guangxi, Southeast Guangxi and Southwest Guangxi are suitable areas for economic cultivation of carambola.

2、Carambola hair number, growth years, results, high yield and high fertilizer requirements; at the same time, afraid of the cold or warm carambola like wet dry even avoid water immersion, more resistant to concealment, avoid sun Zhishai, avoid strong winds. So in the suitable region, choose deep fert

3、ile soil loose, adequate water, water conservation, drainage convenient land fertility orchard best. If in the hills, mountain park, should try to choose a flat terrain, convenient traffic, near water, South or southeast to the downhill well.The ground to orchard ditching, ditch depth is determined

4、according to the underground water level. In the paddy field to establish Yang Taoyuan, generally in the garden around the excavation of a large drainage ditch, ditch width of 1 meters, 0.60.8 meters deep. Single row planting, general width of 3 meters, and between the lines to open a width of 60 cm

5、, 40 cm deep drainage ditch. The width of the rows of two rows of trees is 7 meters wide, and each furrow is opened with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 60 cm, and a shallow ditch with a width of 40 cm and 20 cm deep should be dug in order to drain the water during the rainy season. Large area of or

6、chard, should be in the middle of the garden and the vertical construction of a vertical width of 3 meters of the road, convenient transportation, both sides of the road to dig a deep 60 cm, 80 cm wide irrigation and drainage ditch.Mountainous and hilly orchard generally built according to the terra

7、in level terrace, digging planting hole or digging. The types and specifications of terraced fields depend on the size of the slopes. The general slope is less than 5O, repairable ditch terraced field width 68 meters; slope 5o15o, repairable level terrace, 2.5 meters wide field 3 meters.(two) planti

8、ngThe quality of the planting of Carambola seedlings is directly related to the survival rate, the growth rate of the plant after planting, sooner or later, and even affects the yield and the quality of the quality. Therefore, we should conscientiously do a series of work of seedling planting. Choos

9、e to adapt to the local climate and soil conditions, high quality, large fruit, high yield, strong resistance, good commodity, market demand for planting varieties, selection of varieties of pure and robust growth, developed root system, no pests and diseases of high quality seedlings.The most suita

10、ble period for carambola planting is 2-4 months. Such as nutrition Cup seedlings, in addition to November to January next year is not suitable for planting, the rest of the time can be planted.The speed of crown enlargement of carambola is fast, and the traditional production adopts sparse planting.

11、 In fertile land, 6 meter x 5 meter or 5 meter x 5 meter row spacing is used, with only 25 trees per mu. Because the number of planting, caused by the low rate of early land use, it is difficult to form the economic yield, leading to investment cycle is long, slow return. In addition, late plant hei

12、ght brings difficulties to cultivation management, bagging, fruit harvesting, pest control and so on. In recent years, through cultivation experiments, we began to change to sparse planting for close planting. The plant spacing was 2.5 meters x 3 meters, or 3 meters x 3 meters or 3 meters * 4 meters

13、, planting 5588 strains per mu. Plant spacing 2.5 meters x 3 meters or 3 meters x 3 meters, planted in third years into the perinatal period. Because carambola is more shade tolerant and suitable for close planting, early yield and high yield in middle and late stages can be obtained.Dig the plantin

14、g hole or ditch planting, before planting soil deep, loose soil plains orchard planting hole or planting groove depth and width 60 cm; if the thin soil layers, the soil is sticky orchard, the general requirements of planting hole width of 80 cm deep. Digging planting hole when attention is paid to t

15、he topsoil and open earth. Before planting, planting fertilizing each decomposed organic fertilizer or compost livestock manure 1520 kg 1015 kg, 0.51 kg superphosphate. The soil and fertilizer after mixing back to the cave, the cave filled full back soil and culture into 20 cm above the surface of t

16、he mound, not to let the cave in the soil compaction, keep loose. When planting in mound dig depth to our center, at the junction of seedling roots can be. Seedlings will be placed in the hole, nutrition Cup seedlings must be removed nutrition bags, pay attention to not to loose the nutrient soil. S

17、traighten the trunk, adjust the planting position, make the rows between the neat, back soil, buried to the root neck, a little compaction, and complete the tree disk, sufficient water sufficient root water. After planting, the trees are covered with straw or dried grass. If the weather is dry for a

18、 week, water should be poured every day to keep the soil moist.Two. Orchard management(1) soil managementSparse Planting Orchard, young tree row space, carambola requirements on half shaded and moist environment, can be in after planting reasonable interplanting, can make full use of land, energy, i

19、ncrease the orchard early income, but also conducive to the growth of carambola. In general, small crops interplant leguminous or vegetables as well, and the water and fertilizer and intercropping crop pest control, soil aging, improve the environment, promote the growth of carambola.No close planti

20、ng orchard interplanting, is to do the work of weeding and loosening. Weeds were generally covered by weeds in the eradication tree, and weeds were removed in rows between two times a year, respectively, in May and September. In September after the dry season when the trees and plants dish covered w

21、ith straw, to maintain water and fertilizer.(two) management of fertilizer and waterCarambola has 1 years of repeatedly shoots, many flowering habit, growth, high yield, nutrient demand, in the whole growth cycle should be timely and adequate fertilization, in order to ensure the normal growth of tr

22、ees, continuous high yield.1, annual tree fertilizationThe first year after the planting of carambola, the main purpose is to cultivate the crown of trees. Therefore, the first year of fertilization is based on the principle of thin fertilizer, frequent application and emphasis on nitrogen fertilize

23、r. Colonization after 1 months, beginning fertilization shoots turn green, applied with maturity of animal manure (diluted 3 times) or retted rotten peanut bran water (diluted 5 times) 5 kg, half a month with 1 times. Or a combination of irrigation and rain trees application of special compound fert

24、ilizer were applied 0.20.3 kg, 1 times per month, fertilizer increased gradually from canopy drip line edge trunk 2030 cm 1520 cm furrow cast, and soil covering. Planting in September of that year, if the number and length of branches to the tree, in the above when applied with fertilizer increased

25、potassium sulfate 0.05 kg; in October of that year of planting fruit trees, fruit after fertilization with compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer, better bran, dosage of 0.3 kg per plant. Can also use superphosphate: peanut: human excrement according to the proportion of 1:2:100 retting, each plant

26、with 5 kg 12 times against water spray fertilizer, a shower for 15 days.2, perennial tree fertilizationUnder normal management,After planting for second years, most peach trees can enter the normal fruiting stage, and they can reach the results for third years after planting. Fertilization is one of

27、 the most important links in high yield and good quality cultivation. Fertilization should be carried out according to the characteristics of fertilizer requirement in the key period of shoot tip, flower, pedicel and fruit development. The branches of Carambola grow at 311 months and have no obvious

28、 stop period. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be timely and appropriate, balanced fertilization, maintain moderate growth. Nitrogen nutrition is low, slow growth, cannot play well with high quality and high yield, high yield, excessive nitrogenous fertilizer, excessive vegetative

29、 growth, growth is difficult to control, it is difficult to bear fruit peach yang.Old Yang peach general year fertilization 4 times: the first time in March April after the end of spring fruit before Qingming, combined with pruning, orchard cleaning, the canopy drip line position on a symmetric ditc

30、h heavy fertilizer, deep ditch width of 40 cm x 30 cm long, and the canopy drip line length. The fertilizer with organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer and urea, superphosphate by: peanut bran: mushroom residue (bagasse) ratio of 4:10:100 mixed compost after retting and soil mixed fertilizer acc

31、ording to the results of buried application, quantity and growth to set general years producing strains of 50 kilograms of trees, each tree was more than retting organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer 0.5 kg 2025 kg. The second period is 57 month, May flowering spraying foliar fertilizer KH2PO4 0.

32、5% +0.3% borax 12 times, 67 months from the fruit of thumb to harvest 15 days before fertilizer applied with 12, according to the SSP: peanut bran: the proportion of manure 1:2:100 retting applied after maturity, +0.1 kg potassium sulfate in each plant with 10 20 kg, drought should be combined with

33、the water. The third period is August to second large fruit harvest flowers open, this time the same kind of fertilization, and the first time, digging ditches (symmetric with the first rotation direction of ditching fertilization), fertilizer quantity is made according to the current situation and

34、result. The fourth period is October to January next year, the fertilizer is mainly to promote the two fruit good results and promote fruit growth, flowering in October, foliar application of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.3% borax 12 times, November to January the following year, applied wi

35、th 23, according to the SSP: peanut bran: the proportion of manure 1:2:100 retting applied after maturity, +0.1 kg of potassium sulfate per plant each application of 1020 kg 12 times against water spray fertilizer, because this period is the period of drought, and each application must be with the i

36、rrigation.3. Moisture managementCarambola root absorption distribution of shallow, easy to drought. Carambola planting in dry slope land, if the lack of irrigation, the leaves turn yellow, small fruit and quality deterioration of the ground; orchard at flowering stage in case of dry hot wind or drou

37、ght, will cause a lot of flower and fruit drop, fruit dysplasia, low yield and poor quality. Therefore, in the dry season, the general 710 days to irrigate 1 times, in order to keep the soil moist. In case of dry hot air, spray or spray the crown of trees in the morning or evening. Winter drought an

38、d frost often irrigation can reduce dry deciduous, alleviate chilling injury and enhance vigor, to fill the Paomashui.Carambola root is not water, long time soaking carambola easy to rot, deciduous fruit is serious, the force is weak, or is not the result of flowering. If water immersion plus high t

39、emperature, the damage is even more serious. In order to improve the drainage situation in garden area,In the rainy season before the 1 full garden cultivator, the depth of 68 cm, but more than the root damage is appropriate, and dredge drains, lowering the water table. In Mountainous Orchard Soil h

40、ole expansion, prevent water rot, summer rainy season, the rain must try to drain the water as soon as possible.(three) tree management;1, plastic trim(1) the shaping of young treesThe focus of plastic surgery is to cultivate a good canopy skeleton, allowing the branches to grow more evenly and form

41、 a canopy canopy.The first kind of shaping method: in the trunks of young 5060 cm high at the top cut sections, adorable after germination in different directions and keep the 24 thick buds grow into branches, a crown of skeleton. If the branches are not evenly distributed, the branches can be pulle

42、d in the proper position and fixed by ropes. The first branch to 4050 cm long bud cut not mature, induced by lateral buds germination, each branch left 23 lateral bud, extra early cut. Later let its natural branches, often to erect branches to take branch bending branch, this method is put into prod

43、uction quickly, can be planted in the same year results, but after the date of arrival, tree easily messy, branches easily prosperous long.Second kinds of shaping method: the premise is a 1.8 meters of scaffolding, training young upright trunk 1 meters are truncated, in sections after germination an

44、d keep the direction of two buds grow into the main branch, made of bamboo or wood fixed support for branches and ground into a 45 degree angle to the long, the first branch length to 50 cm cut top bud germination, after leaving the north-south direction two buds grow into time to time the main bran

45、ch, to 50 cm long cut top, after let the natural branches, and often branch branch bending, so that the overall growth of branches in the plane height of 1.8 meters, the shaping method production is slow, but it is easy to enter management the operation of high yield, easy flourishing tree tidy.(2)

46、age pruning and pruning of result treesCarambola tree in the 4 months before the year off after winter dry branches, to dredge the canopy, promote spring shoot germination; mid to late 5 to early June cut off leggy branches, remove the dense weak branches, erect branches of branch bending branch wit

47、h branches, drooping branches retain uniform whip group do branch. For excessive drooping branches short cut, in the base of the branches 35 cm short cut, to promote the formation of flower buds, fruit branches.2, with thinning flower and fruit retentionYang peach, fruit setting rate is high, make i

48、ts natural result, easy results heavy overload, resulting in fruit size, fruit quality and growth effect, so the artificial fruit thinning. The fruit drop times after pedicle thinning, thinning, fruit pest first malformed fruit and dense small fruit, according to the results of vigor, thinning the n

49、ormal development of small fruit, can spray insecticide after drug combined with bagging last thinning. Thinning should be carried out on a sunny day, do not keep bruised fruit.Yang peach fruit by pests can cause flower abscission seriously influenced the yield and quality. The disease prevention sh

50、ould be done at the beginning of bud stage. Flowering in case of dry, hot weather, can spray water or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.3% borax solution.3, baggingFruit bagging could reduce pests, reduce mechanical damage caused by wind, cold and avoid sunburn,Reduce the amount of pesticide, s

51、o as to promote fruit development, improve peel color, improve quality and commodity value. Different bagging had different effects on the quality of carambola fruit. At present, there are many special paper bags and inner foam mesh covers with transparent plastic bags. The transparent plastic bags

52、are to be cut with 12 leaking nozzles at the bottom of the bag. The carambola fruit of the paper bag is uniformly transparent and has a high soluble solid content, and the star fruit with inner foam net cover and transparent plastic bag is heavy in fruit and good in fruit shape. In the period of fru

53、it bagging small thumb size, the last day after thinning, 12 days before the bag of a jet of pesticides (trichlorfon, 8817) and fungicides (chlorothalonil, thiophanate methyl etc.).4, perinatal adjustmentCarambola has the habit of flowering and fruiting many times a year, so it is easy to adjust the

54、 date of birth. In Guangxi, cultivation techniques are used to change flowering time and realize the regulation of the period of fruit production. The combination of water and fertilizer control and pruning measures can make the fruit ripening stage advance or push forward.5, pest controlThe main pe

55、st carambola bird feather moth, black, brown or red spider; carambola relative other fruit trees, the disease is relatively small, the main diseases of Carambola anthracnose and leaf spot. Most of Carambola disease is caused by extensive cultivation or improper management, and it can be prevented by

56、 strengthening cultivation management and improving disease resistance of tree.Bird moth prevention method winter garden, weeding and weeding. Start spraying 57 days before flowering, each flower 1 times, 35 times, to turn down so far with fruit. Drug available pyrethroids 10000 times or 90% times liquid crystal dipterex 600800.Methods to prevent black brown moth commonl