医学词汇构词法iV课件

1、医学词汇构词法iV1 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language Department The Formation of Medical Vocabulary 医学词汇构词法iV2 A Course of Learning English for Medical Purposes I. Target 1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning 2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writ

2、ing with ML 医学词汇构词法iV3 I. Target 3. Nurture the sense of stylistic research II. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation 2.Understand the medical language traits through reading 3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features 4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide 医学

3、词汇构词法iV4 III. Course Arrangement 1.72 Teaching periods,4/week 2.Eight Units this term 3.Required course and exam 4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically 医学词汇构词法iV5 Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new la

4、nguage. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning e y e d o c t o r , a r e e x a m p l e s . The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, c

5、omplex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood. What is medical language? 医学词汇构词法iV6 Basic elements of medical words Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) becaus

6、e it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters) 医学词汇构词法iV7 Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis 粉尘病 火山 硅/矽 超显微的 肺的 It develops only after years of expos

7、ure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病 Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis 医学词汇构词法iV8 Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology. 1. To analyze words structurally. Le

8、arn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/ logy root root suffix Combining form 医学词汇构词法iV9 Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gram root root root 心电图 医学词汇构词法iV10 Combining forms prefixes suffixes cyt/o : cell derm/o :skin b

9、i/o : life aden/o :gland arthr/o : joint nephr/o :kidney hepat/o : liver leuk/o :white oste/o : bone epi- :above multi-: many poly-: many ex- : out endo- :inside trans- : across hyper-: excessive hypo- :deficient -emia :blood condition -ectomy: excision -gram: record -cyte: cell -scope: instrument f

10、ro visually exam -itis: inflammation -ist : person specialized in -logy: process of study -oma: tumor -osis: abnormal condition -tomy: cutting 医学词汇构词法iV11 2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/

11、logy means the study of the blood. 3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤 Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿 医学词汇构词法iV12 Oncology Nephrology Neurology Gastroenterology Nephritis Hepatitis Bronchitis Carcinoma Hematoma hepatoma anatomy: process of c

12、utting up gastrectomy: removal of the stomach arthrotomy: incision of a joint leukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多 Necrosis 坏死 Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多 The Roles of Pronunciation 医学词汇构词法iV13 Medical Terminology Systems Organs Tissues Cells Endocrine syst. Reproductive syst. Mastery of Medical W

13、ords 医学词汇构词法iV14 Organs Tissues Cells 医学词汇构词法iV15 Distribution of vocabulary in medical literature Essential voc. Popular science voc. Medical terms 医学词汇构词法iV16 The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndrome The 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , diss

14、olve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, study Distribution of vocabulary 医学词汇构词法iV17 Medical Terminology I. Conversion II. derivative III. Compounding opportunist 条件致病菌 physiology/-ist/ -gic asymptoma atic antivirus radioimmuno

15、electropho resis 放射免疫电泳 医学词汇构词法iV18 I. Conversion 词义转 换：由普通词汇转换 成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block 交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟 交感神经药； capsule 胶囊药,被膜 Reservoir 贮主(zhu) To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿 主 space occupying lesion 占位性病变 医学词汇构词法iV19 D

16、erivatives Prefix: ir- il- im- mis- irregularity, irresistable illegal, illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage 医学词汇构词法iV20 Prefix Dis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease in- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated 医

17、学词汇构词法iV21 un- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射 undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎 unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸 unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 医学词汇构词法iV22 none- nonsmoker nonelectrolyte nonstress test nonulcer dyspepsia nonspecific immunity nonsense mutation nonself 非抽烟者 非电解质 无应激

18、实验 非溃疡性消化不良 非特异性免疫 无义突变 非自我的 医学词汇构词法iV23 ex- exclusion excretion exhale ex- president ex-wife exclude 排斥 排泄 呼气 前总统 前妻 排除在外 医学词汇构词法iV24 Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusion treatment encouragement Adj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenita

19、l conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially 医学词汇构词法iV25 V.-en.(a.+ en) whiten widen fasten(tie) lengthen shorten worsen weaken brighten lighten -al n. survival refusal arrival proposal withdrawal removal (but not: compose, compromise) 医学词汇构词法iV26 Compounds Roots Organs and their

20、 roots liver hepato/a- lung pulmono- kidney reno-/nephro- heart cardio- nerve neuro- spleen splen(o) brain cerebro- head cephal(o) eye ophthalm/ skin dermo- ear oto-(otology) chest thorac/o- arteri/o artery vaso vessel 医学词汇构词法iV27 nose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo- Laryngitis 喉炎 Pharynx

21、 咽 Pharyng (o)- Pharyngectomy 咽切除 描述人体器官方位： Anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带 posterior posterior teeth 后牙 superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉 inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉 医学词汇构词法iV28 inter- (between) interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside) intracellular endo-(intra- ) endocarditis poly-(many, muc

22、h) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的 hyper-(high, extra) hypertension hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolateral同侧的 homograft hetero-(different) heteroantigen 异种抗原 dys-(not) dysplasia发育不良 医学词汇构词法iV29 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难 counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalan

23、ce 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiology thrombo-血栓 thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎 Thromboendocarditis 血栓性心内膜炎 meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜 meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎 医学词汇构词法iV30 lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography 放射性核素心血管造影术 immuno- immunosuppression electro-

24、 electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术 医学词汇构词法iV31 Strepto- Streptococcus Streptomycin Osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤 Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的 Suffix: -itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis

25、endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎 医学词汇构词法iV32 -ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy -graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法 - gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图 -scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope 医学词汇构词法iV33 -cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte -coccus 球菌球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 mening