新步步高】2016版高考英语（全国ii）大二轮总复习与增分策略 专题四语法填空

1、 ks5u 20142015高考(新课标)全国卷语法填空出题形式及各类考点统计表考点题量试卷词类转换词形变换动词词法与句法形副形名动形名形名词单复数与所有格形、副词比较等级代词转换谓语非谓语情态动词与助动词指示代词与不定代词冠词介词并列句状语从句名词性从句定语从句特殊句式连接性副词与时间副词语境填词时态与语态(含虚拟语气与主谓一致)动词不定式动词i n g形式动词过去分词2015111211111111111111120141111111111111112111样卷1111111111出题形式有提示词无提示词近两年语法填空考点布局充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。注意：1词类

2、转换以实词中名词、动词、形容词、副词四类为主，而对于名词的考查近两年均涉及名词单复数的考查，而未涉及到名词的所有格，在2016年备考中应引起注意；对于代词的词形变换考查涉及了人称代词与物主代词的转换，反身代词近两年还未涉及，也应引起注意。2对于无提示词类的情态动词和助动词的考查，仅2014年新课标全国样卷中考查了must表推测，2014年新课标全国考查了助动词did。指示代词与不定代词近两年均未涉及。3特殊句式在近两年虽然未考查，但备考时应注意：倒装结构中助动词、小句替代中so，neither，nor以及only等的考查；省略结构中不定式符号to以及结合状语从句的省略中非谓语动词或连词的考查；

3、强调句式中it或that的考查；感叹句中how，what或不定冠词a/an的考查等。4连接性副词与语境填词虽然在2014年新课标全国样卷中均有涉及，但可能考虑到这两类词均为完形填空考点，故在2014、2015两年正式考试中均未涉及，但在2015年全国中考查了无提示词形式的时间副词before/earlier，故像earlier，ago，later等时间副词与never，hardly等频度副词是否会有考查还需注意。5从出题形式上看，近两年10个设空中都是7个有提示词、3个无提示词，预计2016年还应该以这种比例来突出提示词考查为主的出题形式。(一)(2015全国)Yangshuo，ChinaIt

4、 was raining lightly when I 61. (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours 62. ，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with 63. (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops

5、and dark waters of the Li River 64. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65. (painting)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away 66. car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.Yangshuo 67. (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68

6、. (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 69. (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70. (live

7、) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (二)(2015全国)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41. (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 42. most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43. (able) to “air conditi

8、on” a house without 44. (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45. (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46. (cool) the house during the

9、hot day；47. the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 48. (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.As 49. (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50. thick

10、 the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (三)(2014新课标全国)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 61. (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted

11、 that it 62. (actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of 63. most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64. even a few months.It took years of work 65. (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard w

12、ork paid off and now the water in the river is 66. (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 67. is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，dont you w

13、ant a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are 68. (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69. (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 70. (patience)(四)(2014新课标全国)One morning，I was waiting at the bu

14、s stop，worried about 41. (be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,42. some of them looked very anxious and 43. (disappoint)When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next 44. the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 45. (catch) m

15、y attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused 46. (stop) until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept 47. (ride)He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came to the next stop，the b

16、oy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked，“48. anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear！Its 49. (I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking abou

17、t what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers 50. (sudden) became friendly to one another.(五)(2014新课标全国样卷)Mum：(putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan：Why?Mum：Im not sure what 1. (happen)I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2. I went

18、 to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because theyre 3. (go)Alan：Oh，it must have been Dad.Im sure he was in the kitchen 4. (early)Mum：No，he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5. (make) them，so he couldnt have done it.6. ，he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as a

19、ll his tennis stuff，so Im sure 7. wasnt him.Alan：(opening the fridge door) Well，it wasnt me.But Mum，look！Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8. fridge?Mum：Are they there？Oh，my goodness，I 9. have put them in there when the phone rang.Oh，dear.I really must be losing my 10. .Now，why d

20、id I put on my coat?一、提示词填空(一)词类转换考点1形容词副词 典例1 Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国)分析设空处修饰谓语动词arrange，需要一个副词，故填regularly。典例2 17 (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(

21、2015广东)分析用副词修饰整个句子。故填Luckily。考点2形容词/动词名词 典例1 In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43 (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015全国)分析形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式ability。典例2 Several children are away from school becau

22、se of (ill)分析介词短语because of后接宾语，要用名词，故填illness。典例3 He had witnessed too many (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier，in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing.分析这里指的是死亡，是可数名词，在句中作及物动词witness的宾语，空前的too many也暗示应用death的复数形式deaths。方法归纳作主语，或在及物动词、介词(短语)后作宾语时，前面

23、可能有限定词(冠词)、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰，通常用名词形式；注意单复数形式。考点3动词/名词形容词 典例1 As 49 (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全国)分析修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式natural。典例2 While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformat

24、ion，.(2014新课标全国)分析此处用形容词修饰名词stories。amaze的形容词有两个，一个是amazing，另一个是amazed。修饰物(stories)当然用amazing。典例3 There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 43 (disappoint)(2014新课标全国)分析本句的主语是some of them，此处and连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词anxious可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故此处用disappointed表示他们中有

25、些人感到失望。方法归纳作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾语补足语(表性质状态)时，通常用形容词形式。注意常考动词分词的形容词性化，其形容词的形式有：ing结尾的和ed结尾的两种。用所给词的适当形式填空1They gave money to the old peoples home either (personal) or through their companies.(2015安徽，31)2It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015福建，23)3Most of

26、us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was (former) alive.(2015浙江，13)4There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some (think) and then let me know.(2015安徽，30)5The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and (comprehen

27、sion) review of the case.(2015江苏，31)6The climate here is quite (please)，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30 in summer.(2014福建，28)7What was so (impress) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.(2014湖北，27)8Life is (predict)；even the poorest might becom

28、e the richest.(2014江西，30)9For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt (please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her，it was probably the fact that she sat in the last row.(2012广东)10Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well，

29、you know，English is my (strong)So it is my best choice.(2012福建，25)二、提示词填空(二)词形变换考点1名词的单复数与所有格典例1 Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting)(2015全国)分析由于该名词由so man

30、y修饰，故填其复数形式paintings。典例2 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be patient.(2014新课标全国)分析前面是定冠词the，因此后面要用名词，再由谓语动词are可知此空要用其名词的复数形式，故填changes。典例3 Its about an (hou

31、r) drive from here.分析句意为：离这里大约有一个小时的车程。“一个小时的”用所有格，故填hours。方法归纳若所给提示词为名词而空格处也应填名词，注意要弄清名词的数与格，即名词是否需要复数形式，或是否需要所有格。考点2形容词与副词的比较等级 典例1 Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.(2014新课标全国)分析从后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。典例2 After our plane landed，we went t

32、o the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 17 (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(2014广东)分析由前面提到的we had planned for months(我们已经计划了数月)可知，早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。典例3 The 68 (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.(2014辽宁)分析考查固定句式。这里是“th

33、e比较级.，the比较级.”句式，表示“越就越”。故填harder。方法归纳若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意than或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式，如：the比较级，the比较级；“否定词(cant/couldnt)比较级”表示最高级等。考点3人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的变换 典例1 A few hours before，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with 63 (it) choking smog.(2015全国)分析空格后面的smog为名词，故要使用形容词性物主代词its来修饰限定。典

34、例2 The children amused (they) by playing hideandseek games.分析缺宾语，应填代词；这些孩子拿谁取乐，应是“自娱自乐(amuse oneself)”，与主语The children一致，故填themselves。类似的短语还有enjoy oneself(玩得开心)，teach oneself(自学)，adapt oneself(适应)，dress oneself(自己穿衣)，devote oneself to(致力于)，by oneself(单独地)等。方法归纳若提示词是物主代词(表示某人的)，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词；在名词前

35、作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。反身代词反指谁，它通常作主语和宾语的同位语，这时应与主语或宾语一致；也可作某些动词或介词的宾语，这时需与主语一致。用所给词的适当形式填空1Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江苏，32)2We tend to have a (good) memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.(20

36、15浙江，11)3Andy is content with the toy.It is (good) he has ever got.(2015四川，7)4He gave (him) a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015湖北，22)5I cant tell you the way to the (Wilson) because we dont have a Wilson here in the village.(2014重庆，6)6This is by far (inspi

37、ring) movie that I have ever seen.(2013辽宁，33)7Tony can hardly boil an egg，still (little) cook dinner.(2013新课标全国，25)8Next to biology，I like physics (well)(2012大纲全国，13)9She came across an old friend of (she) yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(2011天津，8)10On my desk is a photo tha

38、t my father took of (I) when I was a baby.(2010四川，7)三、提示词填空(三)谓语与非谓语动词动词的时态与语态考点1考纲规定考查的十种时态典例1 It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.(2015全国)分析主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时was raining，后一句中用了一般过去时didnt care，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。故填arrived。典例2 This cycle 48 (go) day after

39、day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015全国)分析这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理。此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去，这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。又因为主语this cycle为单数第三人称，故填goes。典例3 In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River

40、 near Cleveland，Ohio.It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2014新课标全国)分析事情发生在1969年，是一个过去的时间，故此处要用一般过去时，又因为主语为it，故填was。方法归纳句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态与语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。考试说明中规定考的有十种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、过去完

41、成时、过去将来时。近两年考查一般过去时和一般现在时居多。考点2考纲规定考查的八种时态的被动语态典例1 He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave)(2015广东)分析由语境可知，整体为过去时态，且what与leave之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was left。典例2 Be patient！Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow boxi

42、ng” in English.It asks you to act like water：.(2014辽宁)分析整篇对话的时态是一般现在时。Tai Chi与call之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is called。方法归纳句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。考试说明中规定考的各种时态的被动语态有八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。考点3时态与语态中的几个特殊用法 典例1 Unless some extra money (fin

43、d)，the theatre will close.(2014大纲全国，22)分析考查一般现在时表将来。由语境可知，此处是unless引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时态表将来；句中主语some extra money与find之间为动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填is found。典例2 James has just arrived，but I didnt know he (come) until yesterday.(2014重庆，8)分析考查过去进行时表过去将来。was coming为过去进行时态，表示过去将来。know后面为宾语从句，从句动词相对于know而言指将要

44、发生的动作，而come，go，leave，start，arrive等瞬间性动词可用进行时态表示将来的动作。根据didnt可知此处应该用过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。典例3 Food supplies in the floodstricken area (run) out.We must act immediately before theres none left.(2012重庆，27)分析考查现在进行时表一般将来与主动表被动。由句中before theres none left可知食物还没有用完，故用现在进行时表示“(食品供应)快用完了”；此外run out为不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。故

45、填are running。典例4 Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful.(2015全国)分析考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时；由于主语是单数第三人称形式，故填is。方法归纳在确定谓语动词的时态与语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断：(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/were about to do.when.did.It is/has been时间段since.did.It/This/That is the first time that.have/

46、has done.或It/This/That was the first time that.had done.Its (high time) that.did/should doHardly had主语done.when.did.或 No sooner had主语done.than.did.这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表被动等。(5)注意主谓是否一致。考点4虚拟语气中的时态与语态 典例1 He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school.And the word

47、quickly got around that he was from New York City.(2012广东)分析这是由as if引导的虚拟语气，因为是与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时，填had bought。典例2 Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance) as well as her.(2015陕西，23)分析wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用过去式(be用were)。故填danced。典例3 It is lucky we booked a room，or we (ha

48、ve) nowhere to stay now.(2015安徽，32)分析本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用，条件句部分在or中体现，相当于if we hadnt booked a room，we would have nowhere to stay now，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟。故填would have。方法归纳一旦判定所给动词在句中作谓语后，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。除了if虚拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如：suggest，would rather，as if，wish，otherwise，or，but for等。用所给动词的适当形式填空1Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I (leave) my book in the cafe.(2015安徽，24)2It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.(2015安徽，29)3Is Peter coming?No，he (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(2015重庆，1)4Jane cant attend t