介词专项练习详细答案

1、误用介词的三种情况:1、多用介词：多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错：误： We discussed about the plan.正：We discussed the plan.我们讨论了计划。误： Did he mention about the accident?正：Did he mention the accident?他提到那次事故了吗 ？误：I saw her enter into the bank.正：I saw her enter the bank.我看见她进了银行。误： He married withto a nurse.

2、正：He married a nurse.他同一位护士结了婚。误： How can con tact with you?正：How can con tact you?我怎么与你联系 ？误： We should serve for the people heart and soul.正：We should serve the people heart and soul.我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。误： Who controls over the factory?( 但名词 control 可接 over)正：Who controls the factory?谁管理这个工厂 ？误： He has

3、 a great many of friends here.(比较 a great number of)正: He has a great many friends here.他在这儿有很多朋友。2、漏用介词:或是受相关结构的影响的漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词,影响而用错等:误:This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理）正:This matter is difficult to deal with.这事很难处理。第10页误:正:He is not a man to be depe nded on.他不是个可靠的人

4、。He is not a man to be depe nded.误:正:He took a cup of tea, and wenton withthestory.他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。误:My mother still regards me a child.(比较consideras中的as可省略）正:My mother still regards me as a child.我母亲还把我当小孩看。He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.误:正:They in sisted on sending a car over to fetch

5、us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。They in sisted sending a car over to fetch us.误:正:What he said is worth liste ning to.他的话值得一听。What he says is worth liste ning.3、错用介词：错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错：误：She called on his office yesterday. （call on+人，call at+ 地点）正：Sh

6、e called at his office yesterday.她昨天去了他办公室拜访。误：He is en gaged with a nu rse.正：He is en gaged to a nurse.他与一位护士订了婚。误：The sun rises from the east.正：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。误：Under his help, I finished it in time.正：With his help, I fini shed it in time.在他的帮助下，我及时做完了。误：During he was in Japa n,

7、 he visited many places.正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.他在日本期间，参观过许多地方。误：We are familiar to his character.正：We are familiar with his character.我们了解他的性格。误：Help yourself with the fruit.正：Help yourself to the fruit.吃点水果吧。介词的宾语:1、名词或代词作介词宾语：如：Are you interested in history?你对历史感兴趣吗?Don

8、t worry about it. 别为它担心。注：若是人称代词用作介词宾语，要注意用宾格。如: No one can sing like her.没有人能像她那样唱歌。（不能用like she）2、动名词作介词宾语:他善于讲故事。如: He is good at telling stories.他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。In crossing the street he was run over.3、过去分词作介词宾语：如：We cant regard the matter as settled.我们不能认为这事已经解决。I take it for gran ted you have rea

9、d the book.我以为你读过这本书。注：过去分词用作介词宾语通常只见于某些固定结构中，如上面第1句涉及regardas（认为是）结构，第2句涉及take sth for granted（认为某事属实）。在其他情况下，介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语，若语义上需要接过去分词（表被动），可换用“ being+过去分词”：如：He went out without being seen by the others.他出去了，没有被其他人看见。4、从句作介词宾语：如：He was not satisfied with what she said.他对她说的不满意。rm worried about

10、 where he is.我担心他上哪儿去了。注：介词后通常不接that从句，遇此情况需考虑用其他结构：误： He paid no attention to that she was poor.正：He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor.他根本不注意她很穷这一事实。但有个别介词（如except）可接that从句。比较：I know nothing about him except that he lives next door./I know nothingabout him except for the fact that he

11、lives n ext door.我只知道他住在隔壁，其它的就不知道了。5、不定式作介词宾语：如：I had no choice but to wait.除了等，我没有别的选择。He wan ted nothi ng but to stay there.他只想留在那儿。They did nothi ng but compla in.他们老是一个劲地抱怨。He never did an yth ing but watch TV.除了看电视，他从不干任何事。注：(1)介词后接不定式的情形通常只见于but, except等极个别个词。该不定式有时带to，有时不带to，其区别是：若其前出现了动词do，

12、其后的不定式通常不带to ；若其前没有出现动词do，则其后的不定式通常带to。(2)介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语，但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构：如：He gave me some advice on how to do it.对于如何做这事他给我提了些建议。6、形容词作介词宾语：女口： Her pronunciation is far from perfect.她的语音远不是完美的。In short, we must be prepared.总而言之，我们要有准备。Things have gone from bad to worse.事情越来越糟。注：(1)有些形容词用作介词

13、宾语可视为其前省略了动名词being :女口： He regarded the situationas(being) serious.他认为形势严重。His work is far from(bei ng) satisfactory.他的工作丝毫不令人满意。(2)有些“介词+形容词”的结构已构成固定搭配：in full全部地，全面地，无省略地；inprivate私下地，秘密地；in particular特别地；in general一般地，通常地，概括地；inbrief简言之；in short总之，简言之；in vain徒然地，徒劳无益地；for fee免费地，无偿地；for certain 肯

14、定地，确切地；for sure 肯定地，确切地；for short 为了简短，简称；atl arge自由自在地，逍遥法外； by far得多7、副词作介词宾语：如：I cant stay for long.我不能久呆。Its too hot in here.这里面太热了。8、数词作介词宾语：如: The city has a population of four million.He was among the first to arrive.9、介词短语作介词宾语：女口： Choose a book from among these.I saw her from across the str

15、eet.注：通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词是这座城市有四百万人口。他是第一批到的。从这些书中选一本吧。我从街的对面望见了她。from, till, un til, since, except, i nstead of等。比较：I took it from the bed.我从床那儿（或床上）拿的。I took it from un der the bed.我从床下拿的。10、复合结构用作介词宾语：女口： She had no object ion to Mary marrying him.她不反对玛丽与他结婚。She came in with a book in her hand.她手里拿着一

16、本书走了进来。All the after noon he worked with the door locked.工作。整个下午他都锁着门在房里介词短语的句法功能：1、表语：如：He was with a friend.他和一个朋友在一起。Health is above wealth.健康胜过财富。This knife is for cutt ing bread.这把小刀是用于切面包的。注：有些介词（如because of）引出的短语通常只用作状语，不用作表语: 误： His absenee is because of the rain.正: His absenee is due to the

17、 rain.他因雨未来。但是，若主语是代词（不是名词），becauseof引出的短语可用作表语：如：It is because of hard work.那是因为辛苦工作的原因。2、状语：除了那儿，我到处都看过了。I looked every where except there.如：Dont touch it with your han ds.别用手去摸它。Did you do this by design or by accide nt?你这样做是有意的还是无意的?3、定语：这是他给你的回信。如: This is his reply to your letter.这是做此事最好的方法。我对

18、你的爱比海深。我发现一切正常。她因生病在床上躺了一星期。This is the best way of doing it.My love for you is deeper tha n the sea.4、宾语补足语：女口： I found everyth ingin good con diti on.Her ill ness kept her in bed for a week.注：用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语:女口： He was regarded as a hero.他被看成是英雄。5、宾语：如：A man stepped out from behind the wall.一个人从墙后走出来。He cannot spare any time except on Sun day.除星期日外，他抽不出时间。6、主语：如：Between6 and 7 suits me.六点到七点对