《作物育种学总论》试题库（Examination questions library of Crop Breeding Science）

1、作物育种学总论试题库（Examination questions library of Crop Breeding Science）Examination questions library of Crop Breeding ScienceThree, judge the problem (correct hit +, wrong to hit -)Introduction1. Varieties are not botanical, but agricultural.2. Variety is the smallest taxon in botany.3, natural evolution

2、 and artificial evolution are not only different, but also related.4, there is a contradiction between artificial selection and natural selection in many aspects of plant evolution.5, artificial selection is consistent with natural selection in plant evolution.6. Modern breeding is the science of co

3、ntrolling biological genetic variation and artificial evolution.7, crop breeding is the science of studying the theory of breeding fine crop varieties.8, fine varieties generally have regional and temporal, in different regions or the same region at different times, because of the requirements of pr

4、oduction and life is different, the requirements of varieties are not the same.Types and types of crop propagation9, only sexual reproduction can produce seeds.10, the genetic stability of self pollinated crop varieties depends on the homozygosity of individual genotypes.The genetic stability of 11

5、crop varieties and cross pollination groups rely on random mating between individuals within the group to maintain.Homozygous genetic stable 12 crop varieties and cross pollination groups rely on individual genotypes to ensure.13, the self inbreeding of general self pollinated crops was slight, and

6、the inbreeding of inbred crops was strongly degraded.14, the self inbreeding of general self pollinated crops is strong, and the inbreeding of inbred crops is slight.germplasm resource15, crop origin centers have two main characteristics, namely, gene diversity and dominant gene frequency are higher

7、.13, crop origin centers have two main characteristics, namely, gene diversity and recessive gene frequency are higher.17, storage and preservation are mainly used to control the temperature and humidity conditions during storage to maintain the viability of germplasm.18, storage and preservation is

8、 mainly to control the storage of O2 and CO2, to maintain the vitality of germplasm.19, the purpose of preserving germplasm is to maintain a certain amount of germplasm samples.20, modern genetic breeding should not only utilize the existing varieties of resources, but also carry out chromosome engi

9、neering and genetic engineering. Therefore, genetic resources are also called genetic resources.21 、 the place where seed preservation is called genetic library is genetic breeding.Breeding objective22, stable yield is mainly reflected in disease resistance and insect resistance.23, the yield stabil

10、ity is the same as that of wide adaptability.24, the yield stability is different from that of wide adaptability.25, stable yield means no fluctuation of crop yield due to the change of climatic conditions between years.26, wide adaptability means that crop varieties adapt to a wide range of areas.2

11、7, stable yield means that crop varieties adapt to a wide range of areas.28, adaptability means that crop production fluctuates during the year because of the change of climatic conditions.29, crop yield is related to the factors that make up the yield. In order to obtain high yield, it is necessary

12、 to coordinate the growth of various factors, and the yield of each yield factor is output.30, crop yield is related to the factors that make up the yield. In order to obtain high yield, all factors that make up the yield should be increased together.Introduction and selective breeding31. Introducti

13、on is the introduction of fine or valuable Germplasm from foreign countries or foreign countries. After introduction experiments, the introduction is directly used in the production or as a raw material for breeding.32. Introduction is the introduction of foreign varieties, directly used for field p

14、roduction.33. Domestication is the measure or process of breeding wild or exotic crops into a locally grown crop by choice.34, under the optimum temperature and light conditions, the time required for the development of the crops is long, and the nutrient growth is basically strong.35, under the opt

15、imum temperature and light conditions, the time needed for the development of crops is short, and the growth of basic nutrients is strong.36, the basic nutrient growth of crops is strong, but it shows that it is sensitive to temperature and weak.37, the basic nutrition of crops, growth is strong, it

16、 shows that the temperature and photosensitivity are also strong.38. According to the response of crops to temperature and illumination length, they can be divided into two categories,Low temperature long day crops and high temperature short day crops.39, according to the response of crops to temper

17、ature and illumination length, they can be divided into two categories, namely, low temperature, short day crops and high temperature long day crops.40, low temperature and long day crops are usually summer crops.41, high temperature and short day crop for autumn crops.42, high temperature, short da

18、ys, crops north, South lead, the growth period is generally shortened.43, low temperature, long day crops, North species South lead, the growth period generally extended.44, the factors affecting the introduction success are climate conditions.45, using the natural variation of crop varieties for se

19、lective breeding is the most basic, simple, fast and effective way for all crop breeding.46, pure line theory is one of the theoretical foundations of self pollination plant selection breeding.47, a hybrid selection method widely used in self pollinated crops and pollination crop breeding in seed pr

20、oduction.Cross breeding48 、 cross breeding is the most popular and effective method in breeding methods at home and abroad.49, cross breeding is the use of heterosis by crossing two good parents.50, when the traits of the two parents of a and B can basically meet the breeding objectives, and the adv

21、antages and disadvantages can be compensated each other, we can adopt a single delivery mode.51, parents can not complementary advantages and disadvantages, or need to be excellent characteristics of many parents in polymerization one, should adopt multiple ways.52, the selection method of hybrid of

22、fspring is the most commonly used pedigree method.53, the mixed choice is different from the mixed method.Backcross breeding54, the recurrent parent is also called receptor parent.55, the recurrent parent is also called the donor parent.56, backcross generations should be longer when introduced into

23、 quantitative trait genes.57. The frequency of homozygous genotype changes in inbred populations was consistent with selfing or backcross, but homozygous genotype was not the same.58. The frequency of homozygous genotype change in inbred population was consistent with that of homozygous genotype.59.

24、 The result of successive backcross was that the offspring group tended to be the same homozygous genotype.60 、 in backcross breeding, non recurrent parents must have target traits.61 、 in backcross breeding, the recurrent parent must have the target trait.Wide cross breeding62, the difficulty of di

25、stant hybridization is incompatibility between crosses.63, the difficulty of distant hybridization is the sterility of hybrids.64, additional lines refers to the foundation of a species karyotype, or two increase for other species on a chromosome, thus forming a new type with another species charact

26、eristics.65, alien substitution means a pair or pair of chromosomes of a species, replaced by a pair or a couple of chromosomes of another species, and becomes a new type.66. Translocation is a new type of gene that changes when a segment of a species is exchanged with another chromosome of another

27、species.Ploidy breeding67. Plants with more than 2 chromosomes in somatic cells are called polyploid.2. A polyploid formed by 2 or more different chromosome groups called heterologous polyploid (68).heterosis69, in several indicators of heterosis, competition advantages have more practical significa

28、nce in breeding.70, Heterosis in several indicators, super parent advantages in breeding more practical significance.71. The theoretical hypothesis about the heredity of heterosis is mainly the theory of dominance.72, heterosis is mostly quantitative trait, so heterosis is closely related to environ

29、mental conditions.73, heterosis was closely related to genotype and purity of parents.74. The inbred line bred from varieties, populations and cultivars is called the second ring system.75. The inbred line bred from the cross between inbred lines is called a ring system.Hybrid 76, open pollinated va

30、rieties and inbred lines were made, which called topcross.77, combining ability determination is an important and important procedure in breeding inbred lines.78, can only measure the inbred lines with topcross method GCA, SCA can not be determined.79, can only measure the inbred lines with topcross

31、 method and special combining ability,General combining ability is not measured.80, the utilization of heterosis by genetic effects can more easily, so the hybrids bred in quantitative traits than pure line varieties.81, gametophyte self incompatibility is controlled by gametophyte genes, showing in

32、compatibility between male and female gametes.82, the self incompatibility of gametophyte is controlled by gametophyte gene, which shows that pollen can not germinate on female parents stigma, so it can not self pollination.83, the self incompatibility of sporophyte was controlled by maternal genoty

33、pe, which showed that pollen could not germinate on the stigma of female parent, so that it could not self pollination.84, the self incompatibility of sporophyte is controlled by maternal genotype and shows the incompatibility between male and female gametes.Breeding of male sterility and hybrid var

34、ieties85, cytoplasmic male sterility is characterized by the diversity of cytoplasmic male sterile genes and the corresponding genes of cytoplasmic nuclear fertility.86, gametophyte sterility, because the pollen with the sterile gene does not participate in pollination, in theory, spikelet fertility

35、 of all F2 plants is normal and fertile.87, sporophyte sterility, because the pollen with sterile gene is not involved in pollination, in theory, spikelet fertility of all F2 plants is normal and fertile.88, cross breeding and restorer lines are essential links.Breeding of pest resistance89. Varieti

36、es with vertical disease resistance are strong and durable.90, the resistant varieties were more durable than those with vertical disease resistance.91. Vertical resistant varieties have no specific reaction or specialization to pathogens.92, the resistant varieties showed no specific reaction or sp

37、ecific reaction to different physiological races of pathogens.93. The resistant varieties with high level of resistance have high resistance to all physiological races of pathogens.94, vertical resistance is often resistant to allergic necrosis, characterized by resistance and sensory response, and

38、easy to identify.95, horizontal resistance is to slow down the occurrence of disease, delay the arrival of the peak period, thereby reducing losses.96, the majority of vertical resistance is controlled by single genes or a few major genes, and their hybrids are basically separated by Mendels law.97, horizontal resistance is mostly quantitative trait controlled by micro gene, and resistance is