试述我国经济在新时期的艰难转型（The difficult transformation of China's economy in the new period）

1、试述我国经济在新时期的艰难转型（The difficult transformation of Chinas economy in the new period）1. China recently faced the difficulties and challenges in economic developmentThe rapid growth of 1.1 economy along with the economic basis of resource waste and environmental pollution in our country is poor and the p

2、ursuit of high economic growth determines the extensive economic development in china. All along, the extensive mode of economic development to rely on a lot of factors of production inputs, resulting in the utilization rate, high consumption of resources and energy efficiency, the ecological enviro

3、nment also pay a price. The development course of this kind of economy, our country has become of primary products including energy dependence of greater demand. Even in some important raw materials and energy is highly dependent on imports at the same time, Chinas energy utilization efficiency is n

4、ot high. The extensive use and low efficiency of the mineral resources exploitation of extreme damage to Chinas ecological environment and valuable land resources. Especially in recent years, our country basically occupied more than 15% of the worlds resources in development, energy and environmenta

5、l situation is quite grim, China has become the worlds coal, iron and steel, iron ore, alumina, copper and cement and other resources consumption of the largest in the country, is the worlds second largest energy consumer, the second largest in the world carbon dioxide emissions in china.1.2 foreign

6、 trade technical content is low, the international market resistance risk ability of Chinas economic growing dependence on foreign markets, one of Chinas imports of oil and raw materials from abroad, on the other hand, Chinas most primary product sales in foreign markets. Chinas processing trade goo

7、ds export trade accounted for about 55% of foreign investment enterprises is the main force of Chinas export expansion in recent years, accounting for about 60% of the total trade, most of which are from Hong Kong and Macao regions such as South Koreas foreign direct investment enterprises. These en

8、terprises are mostly labor-intensive enterprises, export processing and utilization of cheap labor resources, its technical content is very low. Our country was largely a manufacturing base for foreign companies with low cost, low industrial value chain, the cost efficiency of main export products f

9、rom low labor cost advantage. In developed countries, knowledge share in economic growth proportion has reached more than 70%, but in China, the investment of capital and labor is as high as 72%, technological progress accounted for only 28%, low value-added products. On the one hand, an excuse for

10、financial crisis in many countries have made the impact of trade protectionism and restrictions on imports of products from other countries, the export of Chinas economy has caused serious influence. On the other hand, the low tech manufacturing profits diluted, it is difficult to improve the person

11、nel salary, the enterprise labor shortage. Guangdong, Zhejiang Province, many companies have discontinued, reduce orders eventually collapsed. The vicious spiral, bring a heavy blow to Chinas economy.1.3 domestic consumption is insufficient in the long term, it is difficult to pull the release of do

12、mestic demand, National Bureau of statistics data show that Chinas total retail sales of consumer goods in the past three years, the annual increase rate of about 20%. Although the increase in the amount of consumption, but even with the India and other developing countries compared with developed c

13、ountries in the world, Chinas consumption ratio is still relatively low. American consumption is about 75% of GDP, which is about 50% of India residents consumption; consumption accounted for the proportion of GDP reached 72%, which accounted for 61% of household consumption; and Chinas 2007 total c

14、onsumption accounted for 51.4% of GDP, 52.2% in 2006, but Chinas consumption proportion of GDP accounted for only about 37%, the consumption capacity of the residents did not get complete release. Especially after the earthquake disaster and the financial crisis, consumer confidence has a certain im

15、pact, residents of future income and expenditure is expected to significantly enhance the uncertainty.1.4 domestic employment pressure is extremely serious in recent years, including the next few years, the domestic employment situation has been more serious. The affected not only migrant workers, a

16、nd employment and the employment pressure of college graduates also increased significantly. Preliminary estimates, 2008 -2009 financial crisis caused about about 20000000 migrant workers unemployed, and affected the manufacturing industry and other related industries wages do not rise delay.The lon

17、g-term low and stagflation salary level, bring a large area of recruitment difficult labor shortage and other sequelae, and completely exposed at the beginning of this year. In the economic recovery has been at the beginning of 2011, brought great impact to the development of manufacturing industry.

18、2. Chinese economic growth mode transformation of scientific resources and environment serious show that the traditional high input, high consumption, low output of the old road has come to an end, do not change the mode of growth, resources to support, the environment unbearable, it is difficult to

19、 improve the international competitiveness. Especially after the 2008 season since the great influence of financial crisis on Chinas labor intensive industry. Our country has already started to adjust economic development strategy, and strive to achieve the scientific transformation of the mode of e

20、conomic growth. First, from exports to domestic demand change activation. From the angle of economic development strategy, which has a population of more than 1 billion 300 million behemoth, if the economic growth depends on the external market, rather than the development of domestic peoples well-b

21、eing will be a strategic mistake. Over the past 30 years, Chinas rapid development of international trade, increasing international status. National Bureau of statistics report shows that in 2005 net exports to Chinas economic growth contribution rate of more than 35% increase in 2007 Chinese export

22、s accounted for a proportion of total world exports to 8.8%, ranking second in the world rankings. In 2008, affected by the financial crisis, the export demand fell sharply, economic fluctuations increase.In recent years the government work report, China has proposed to activate the domestic demand,

23、 economic growth is of strategic significance. Because in the absence of domestic support, shrinking external demand, economic decline is inevitable. With energy, raw material prices and rising wages to promote enterprise investment costs, manufacturing overcapacity in turn led to the decline in inv

24、estment growth, only in the adjustment of the export tax rebate rate, the situation may not have substantial change. If you can not solve the livelihood issues to stimulate demand action, this strategy will be like in abortion to stimulate domestic demand ten years ago. Second, the transition from i

25、nvestment driven to consumption driven economic growth. For a long time, Chinas investment growth rate was significantly higher than the GDP growth rate is significantly higher than the growth rate of consumption. This situation makes the structural contradiction between consumption and investment h

26、ave become increasingly prominent, is not conducive to the sustainable and stable development of the national economy. Of particular note is that this round of economic growth depends mainly on infrastructure and real estate, direct investment by the government every year large-scale infrastructure

27、investment and foreign investment enterprises in Chinese to support the sustainable growth, rather than relying on Chinas private investment, the development mode is now dangerous. Because of the growth of the national economy to a greater degree of dependence on foreign capital, economic stability

28、becomes worse, affected by the international environment is greater; more is to rely on fiscal investment, the governments proactive fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth is weakening. From investment driven to consumption driven economic growth, does not deny the important role of investment t

29、o economic growth, nor slashed investment, the key is to prevent the excessive growth of investment, rationalize the relationship between state and private investment, adjust the investment direction, through deepening the reform of income distribution system, gradually increase the income of reside

30、nts in the national income distribution of income, expanding domestic consumption to solve the problem fundamentally, coordination of consumption and investment to economic growth relationship. Third, the transition from GDP to Scientific Outlook on Developments attention. GDP can only reflect the t

31、otal economy, can not reflect the quality of the economy. The Chinese government put forward the Scientific Outlook on Development GDP is the supplement and amendment. Internal and external imbalance, domestic demand structure imbalance, irrational industrial structure, independent innovation abilit

32、y and the system mechanism is not perfect and so on, do not meet the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development. Scientific Outlook on Development to achieve economic growth, in order to solve the deep-seated contradictions in the economic and social development. Needs to be emphasized is tha

33、t the scientific transformation of the three strategic constitute the organic whole of Chinas economic growth mode, are indispensable. If we only focus on domestic demand,Because domestic demand is still a general concept, connotation is too broad, in the activation of domestic problems, it is diffi

34、cult to avoid a lot of duplication of investment, investment mistakes, because domestic investment and domestic demand; if only to emphasize the consumption, waste and domestic consumption, peoples livelihood is not effectively solved; if only to emphasize the Scientific Outlook on Development guide

35、 the power can not highlight the economic growth, is also the focus of economic work is difficult to reflect.3. peoples livelihood, become the main line of the economic growth mode transformation of ScienceTo stimulate domestic demand, give priority to the peoples livelihood. The expansion of consum

36、er demand, enhance the pulling effect of consumption on economic growth. In the past emphasized distribution according to work, giving priority to efficiency has some side effects, the earth opened the gap between the rich and the poor, the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups of industry gradually b

37、ecome a bottleneck restricting the further development of economic China . Therefore, strengthening the adjustment of national income distribution, enhance the residents especially low-income people spending power in the future for a long period of time should be more emphasis on fair.3.1 to solve t

38、he problem of peoples livelihood in order to expand the proportion of middle-income class means. Pull in the need to rely on improving the overall social consumption level. The low proportion of the medium income group is an important factor restricting the overall consumption level. To solve the li

39、velihood problems but also to support the weak industry as the core. The weak industry spending on public spending and transfer payments to the poor areas, not only will not reduce the growth rate of GDP, but will lay a solid foundation for the more rapid growth of GDP. In the economically developed

40、 areas, the construction of more buildings, engage in repetitive construction, for the industrial self update, there is no contribution, these investments should be changed to be in urgent need of funds in the field, such as the city low income social security, rural public goods investment etc. In

41、recent years, in order to expand consumption in rural areas, the government has carried out some effective reform measures, such as home appliances, cars to the countryside , home appliances and car scrappage policy, increase agricultural subsidies, increase rural reconstruction support. 3.2 to solv

42、e the livelihood problems in the development of private enterprises for power. Support the development of private enterprises is concerned about peoples livelihood. The best way to change the mode of economic growth is the activation of private enterprises, the private economy of economic sustainable growth is very good, is the most important source of Chinese economy for the next 10 years, 20 years of growth. The existence of capital market for enterprises not only provide a financing channel