《论语》全文中英对照

1、论语全文学而第一子曰：“学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”The Master Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposurethough men may take no note of him?有子曰：

2、“其为人也孝悌而好犯上者，鲜矣。不好犯上而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝悌也者，其为仁之本与？”The philosopher Yu said, They are few who, being filial andfraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There havebeen none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, havebeen fond of stirring up confusion. The superior man

3、 bends his attention to what is radical. That beingestablished, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety andfraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolentactions?子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。”The Master said, Fine words and an insinuating appearance areseldom associated with true virtue.

4、曾子曰：吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？The philosopher Tsang said, I daily examine myself on threepoints:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have beennot faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have beennot sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced theinstructio

5、ns of my teacher.子曰：道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。The Master said, To rule a country of a thousand chariots, theremust be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy inexpenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at theproper seasons.子曰：弟子入则孝，出则悌，谨而信，泛爱众而亲仁，行有余力，则以学文。The Master

6、 said, A youth, when at home, should be filial, and,abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful.He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of thegood. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of thesethings, he should employ them in polite

7、studies.子夏曰：贤贤易色，事父母，能竭其力。事君，能致其身。与朋友交，言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。Tsze-hsia said, If a man withdraws his mind from the love ofbeauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if,in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, inserving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in h

8、is intercoursewith his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that hehas not learned, I will certainly say that he has.子曰：君子不重则不威，学则不固。主忠信，无友不如己者，过则勿惮改。The Master said, If the scholar be not grave, he will not callforth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. Hold faithfulness

9、and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself.When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.曾子曰：慎终追远，民德归厚矣。The philosopher Tsang said, Let there be a careful attention toperform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed whenlong gone with the ceremonies of

10、 sacrifice;-then the virtue of thepeople will resume its proper excellence.子禽问于子贡曰：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政。求之与？抑与之与？”子贡曰：“夫子温良恭俭让以得之。夫子求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与？”Tsze-chin asked Tsze-kung saying, When our master comes to anycountry, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does heask his information? or is it

11、given to him? Tsze-kung said, Our master is benign, upright, courteous,temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information. Themasters mode of asking information,-is it not different from thatof other men?子曰：父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。The Master said, While a mans father is alive, look at t

12、he bent ofhis will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for threeyears he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be calledfilial.有子曰：礼之用，和为贵。先王之道斯为美。小大由之，有所不行。知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。The philosopher Yu said, In practicing the rules of propriety, anatural ease is to be prized. In the

13、 ways prescribed by the ancientkings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great wefollow them. Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how suchease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by therules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done.有子

14、曰：信近于义，言可复也。恭近于礼，远耻辱也。因不失其亲，亦可宗也。The philosopher Yu said, When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shownaccording to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace.When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to beintim

15、ate with, he can make them his guides and masters.子曰：君子食无求饱，居无求安。敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉。可谓好学也已。The Master said, He who aims to be a man of complete virtue inhis food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwellingplace does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he isdoing, and car

16、eful in his speech; he frequents the company of men ofprinciple that he may be rectified:-such a person may be said indeedto love to learn.子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄。何如？”子曰：“可也。未若贫而乐，富而好礼者也。”Tsze-kung said, What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud

17、? The Masterreplied, They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, thoughpoor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rulesof propriety.子贡曰：“诗云：如切如磋，如琢如磨。其斯之谓与？”子曰：“赐也，始可与言诗已矣。告诸往而知来者。”Tsze-kung replied, It is said in the Book of Poetry, As you cutand then file, as you carve an

18、d then polish.-The meaning is the same,I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed. The Master said, With one like Tsze, I can begin to talk about theodes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence.子曰：不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 The Master said, I will not be afflicted at mens not knowing me;

19、Iwill be afflicted that I do not know men.为政第二子曰：为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而众星共之。The Master said, He who exercises government by means of his virtuemay be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and allthe stars turn towards it.子曰：诗三百篇，一言以蔽之，曰：“思无邪。”The Master said, In the Book of Poetry are thr

20、ee hundred pieces,but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence Havingno depraved thoughts.子曰：导之以政，齐之以德，民免而无耻。导之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。The Master said, If the people be led by laws, and uniformitysought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid thepunishment, but have no sense of sh

21、ame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them bythe rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, andmoreover will become good.子曰：吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩。The Master said, At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At fort

22、y, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, withouttransgressing what was right.孟懿子问孝。子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。”樊迟曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“生，事之以礼，死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。”Mang I asked wh

23、at filial piety was. The Master said, It is notbeing disobedient. Soon after, as Fan Chih was driving him, the Master told him,saying, Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answeredhim,-not being disobedient. Fan Chih said, What did you mean? The Master replied, Thatparents, when alive, be

24、served according to propriety; that, whendead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that theyshould be sacrificed to according to propriety.孟武伯问孝。子曰：“父母，唯其疾之忧。”Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, Parents areanxious lest their children should be sick.子游问孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是谓能养，

25、至于犬马，皆能有养，不敬，何以别乎？”Tsze-yu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, The filialpiety nowadays means the support of ones parents. But dogs and horseslikewise are able to do something in the way of support;-withoutreverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from theother?子夏问孝。子曰：

26、“色难。有事，弟子服其劳，有酒食，先生馔，曾是以为孝乎？”Tsze-hsia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, Thedifficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have anytroublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when theyoung have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THISto be co

27、nsidered filial piety?子曰：吾与回言终日，不违如愚，退而省其私，亦足以发。回也不愚。The Master said, I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he hasnot made any objection to anything I said;-as if he were stupid. Hehas retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, andfound him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui

28、!-He is not stupid.子曰：视其所以，观其所由，察其所安，人焉叟哉！人焉叟哉！The Master said, See what a man does. Mark his motives. Examine in what things he rests. How can a man conceal his character? How can a man conceal hischaracter?子曰：温故而知新，可以为师矣。The Master said, If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so ascontinuall

29、y to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.子曰：君子不器。The Master said, The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.子贡问君子。子曰：“先行其言而后从之。Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Mastersaid, He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according tohis actions.子曰：君子周而不比，小人比而不周。The M

30、aster said, The superior man is catholic and not partisan. Themean man is partisan and not catholic.子曰：学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。The Master said, Learning without thought is labor lost; thoughtwithout learning is perilous.子曰：攻乎异端，斯害也已。The Master said, The study of strange doctrines is injuriousindeed!子曰：由，诲汝知之乎

31、！知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。The Master said, Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? Whenyou know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know athing, to allow that you do not know it;-this is knowledge.子张学干禄。子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其余，则寡尤。多见阙殆，慎行其余，则寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。Tsze-chang was learning with a view to o

32、fficial emolument. The Master said, Hear much and put aside the points of which youstand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of theothers:-then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and putaside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at thesame time in c

33、arrying the others into practice: then you will have fewoccasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for blame inhis words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct, he is inthe way to get emolument.哀公问曰：“何为则民服？”孔子对曰：“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。”The Duke Ai asked, saying, What should be d

34、one in order to securethe submission of the people? Confucius replied, Advance the uprightand set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance thecrooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit.季康子问：“使民敬忠以劝，如之何？”子曰：“临之以庄则敬，孝慈则忠，举善而教不能则劝。”Chi Kang asked how to cause the

35、people to reverence their ruler, tobe faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue. TheMaster said, Let him preside over them with gravity;-then they willreverence him. Let him be final and kind to all;-then they will befaithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach theincompeten

36、t;-then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous.或谓孔子曰：“子奚不为政？”子曰：“书云：孝乎！惟孝友于兄弟，施于有政。是亦为政。奚其为为政！”Some one addressed Confucius, saying, Sir, why are you notengaged in the government? The Master said, What does the Shu-ching say of filialpiety?-You are final, you discharge your brotherly duties. Thesequa

37、lities are displayed in government. This then also constitutes theexercise of government. Why must there be THAT-making one be in thegovernment?子曰：人而无信，不知其可也。大车无倪，小车无杌，其何以行之哉！The Master said, I do not know how a man without truthfulness is toget on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the

38、 crossbarfor yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangementfor yoking the horses?子张问：“十世可知也？”子曰：“殷因与夏礼，所损益，可知也。周因于殷礼，所损益，可知也。其或继周者，虽百世，可知也。”Tsze-chang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could beknown. Confucius said, The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of theHsia: wher

39、ein it took from or added to them may be known. The Chaudynasty has followed the regulations of Yin: wherein it took from oradded to them may be known. Some other may follow the Chau, but thoughit should be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may beknown.子曰：非其鬼而祭之，谄也。见义不为，无勇也。The Master s

40、aid, For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which doesnot belong to him is flattery. To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.八佾第三孔子谓季氏：“八佾舞于庭，是可忍也，孰不可忍也！”Confucius said of the head of the Chi family, who had eight rowsof pantomimes in his area, If he can bear to do this, what may he not

41、bear to do?三家者以雍彻。子曰：“相维辟公，天子穆穆。奚取于三家之堂！”The three families used the Yungode, while the vessels were beingremoved, at the conclusion of the sacrifice. The Master said,Assisting are the princes;-the son of heaven looks profound andgrave;-what application can these words have in the hall of the threef

42、amilies?子曰：“人而不仁，如礼何！人而不仁，如乐何！”The Master said, If a man be without the virtues proper tohumanity, what has he to do with the rites of propriety? If a man bewithout the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with music?林放问礼之本。子曰：“大哉问！礼，与其奢也，宁俭，与其易也，宁戚。”Lin Fang asked what was the first thing

43、to be attended to inceremonies. The Master said, A great question indeed! In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant.In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deepsorrow than in minute attention to observances.子曰：“夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之无也。”The Master said, The rude tribe

44、s of the east and north have theirprinces, and are not like the States of our great land which arewithout them.季氏旅于泰山。子谓冉有曰：“汝弗能救与？”对曰：“不能。”子曰：“呜呼！曾谓泰山，不若林放乎！”The chief of the Chi family was about to sacrifice to the Taimountain. The Master said to Zan Yu, Can you not save him from this?He answered,

45、 I cannot. Confucius said, Alas! will you say thatthe Tai mountain is not so discerning as Lin Fang?子曰：“君子无所争。必也射乎！揖让而升，下而饮，其争也君子。”The Master said, The student of virtue has no contentions. If it besaid he cannot avoid them, shall this be in archery? But he bowscomplaisantly to his competitors; thus

46、 he ascends the hall,descends, and exacts the forfeit of drinking. In his contention, he isstill the Chun-tsze.子夏问曰：“巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。何谓也？”子曰：“绘事后素。”曰：“礼后乎？”子曰：“起予者商也，始可以言诗已矣。”Tsze-hsia asked, saying, What is the meaning of the passage-Thepretty dimples of her artful smile! The well-defined black and white

47、of her eye! The plain ground for the colors? The Master said, The business of laying on the colors follows thepreparation of the plain ground. Ceremonies then are a subsequent thing? The Master said, It isShang who can bring out my meaning. Now I can begin to talk aboutthe odes with him.子曰：“夏礼吾能言之，杞

48、不足征也。殷礼吾能言之，宋不足征也。文献不足故也。足，则吾能征之矣。”The Master said, I could describe the ceremonies of the Hsiadynasty, but Chi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describethe ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Sung cannot sufficiently attestmy words. They cannot do so because of the insufficiency of their

49、records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them insupport of my words.子曰：“谛，自既灌而往者，吾不欲观之矣。”The Master said, At the great sacrifice, after the pouring out ofthe libation, I have no wish to look on.或问谛之说。子曰：“不知也。知其说者之于天下也，其如示诸斯乎？”指其掌。Some one asked the meaning of the great sacrific

50、e. The Mastersaid, I do not know. He who knew its meaning would find it as easy togovern the kingdom as to look on this-pointing to his palm.祭如在，祭神如神在。子曰：“吾不与祭，如不祭。”He sacrificed to the dead, as if they were present. He sacrificed tothe spirits, as if the spirits were present. The Master said, I con

51、sider my not being present at thesacrifice, as if I did not sacrifice.王孙贾问曰：“与其媚于奥，宁媚于灶也。何谓也？”子曰：“不然。获罪于天，无所祷也。”Wang-sun Chia asked, saying, What is the meaning of the saying, Itis better to pay court to the furnace then to the southwest corner? The Master said, Not so. He who offends against Heaven

52、 has noneto whom he can pray.子曰：“周监于二代。郁郁乎文哉，吾从周。”The Master said, Chau had the advantage of viewing the two pastdynasties. How complete and elegant are its regulations! I followChau.子入太庙，每事问。或曰：“孰谓邹人之子知礼乎？入太庙，每事问。”子闻之曰：“是礼也。”The Master, when he entered the grand temple, asked abouteverything. Some

53、one said, Who say that the son of the man of Tsauknows the rules of propriety! He has entered the grand temple and asksabout everything. The Master heard the remark, and said, This is arule of propriety.子曰：“射不主皮，为力不同科，古之道也。”The Master said, In archery it is not going through the leatherwhich is the principal t