完井工具材质.

1、Materials Selection for Various Service Conditions不同环境下材料的选择 Non-corrosive/Mildly sour service无腐蚀，微酸性环境 CO2 Corrosion/Intermediate Service(Wt. Loss Corrosion)二氧化碳腐蚀，质量损失腐蚀 Highly corrosive service (high CO2/high H2S/high T) 严重腐蚀环境（高温，高含硫，高含二氧化碳） Water injection service注水环境 Completion Equipment Mater

2、ials as a Function of Customers Tubing与油管相对应的工具材质 Completion Equipment Material完井工具材质 4130/4140 4130 Modified (90 ksi), T-95, 925 for polished bores 410/13Cr, 420 Mod. Super 13Cr 25Cr or 718 925, 718 725 Tubing Material油管材质 J-55, C-75, N-80, L-80 C-90/ T-95 13Cr (420 Mod.) Super 13Cr 22/25Cr (Duplex

3、) 825 C-276 Materials Selection Guide材质选择指南 Alloy Recommended推荐使用合金 4130/4140 (polished bores打磨的口径 9 Cr-1 Mo) 4130 External外表 (22 HRc max) 9 Cr-1 Mo Flow Wetted 22/25Cr S.S. 22/25Cr S.S. 925/718 (Ni-Cr) alloys 725, C-276, etc. Environment使用环境 Non-Corrosive Service无腐蚀环境 Slightly Corrosive to Moderate

4、ly Corrosive Low H2S, CO2 + Water Low Temperatures, 250F低腐蚀环境，低含硫，Co2，低温小于250F CO2 Corrosion, Trace H2S二氧化碳腐蚀，微硫化氢 CO2 Corrosion, Low H2S Higher Temperatures 二氧化碳腐蚀，低硫化氢，更高温 Severely Corrosive H2S, CO2, up to 300F 严重的硫化氢，二氧化碳腐蚀，高温至300F Severely Corrosive + Temperatures over 300F严重腐蚀，温度超过300F Equipme

5、nt for Standard/ Low H2S Service标准或低含硫环境的材质选择 Low alloy steels, 4130/4130 used for most completion equipment.低合金钢，4130适用于绝大多数的完井工具 Flow wetted components in safety valves are made from 9Cr-1Mo. Polished bore components ie. Nipples are made from 9Cr-1Mo or higher alloys.流体经过部分材质是9Cr- 1Mo，外表面材质9Cr-1Mo

6、或者更高质量的合金。 LA steels and 9Cr-1Mo are usually heat treated to 80ksi YS and hardness controlled to HRC 22 per NACE std. LA合金和9Cr-1Mo经过回火处理后可以达到80Ksi屈服强 度，HRC硬度22. CO2 Corrosion and Intermediate Service 二氧化碳腐蚀环境 Prime consideration is given for weight loss corrosion issues. Goal is 10-20 year service l

7、ife and beyond if required.首要考虑的是由于质量损失引起的腐蚀，目标是10-20 年的服务年限，或者更高。 Generally, 13Cr, Super 13Cr and are used. 一般使用13Cr，或者超级13Cr。 410-13Cr420 ModF6NM17-4PHAlly 450Super 13CrSuper Duplex Carbon 碳 0.08 0.150.15 0.220.060.070.050.030.03 Chromium 铬 12.5 13.512 1412 1415.5 17.514 1612 1424- 26 Nickel 镍 0.5

8、00.503.5 4.53 5574568 Molybdenum 钼 -0.3 0.7-0.5 1.01.5 334 Copper 铜 -0.25-3 51.25 1.750.151 Min. Y.S. , ksi 最小抗拉强度 （ksi） 80808010585-959580 Max HRc 最大洛氏硬度 22222333312828 Heat Treatment 热处理工艺 Q & T Double T Q&TQ & Double TAnn. & Double Age Ann. & AgeQ&TAnn. CO2 Resistance 抗CO2性能 Good 良好Good 良好Good 良好

9、Good 良好Excellent 优秀Excellent 优秀Excellent 优秀 H2 S CT Resistance 抗硫化氢性能 Poor 差Poor 差Poor 差Poor 差Poor 差Poor 差Poor 差 Modified 13Cr Stainless Steels 改良13Cr合金 Offer Higher Strength 更高屈服强度 95 and 110 ksi Grades 95和110两种钢级 Higher Toughness 更高抗冲击性能 Higher CO2 Resistance 更高抗二氧化碳腐蚀性能 Moderate Cost Increase 成本较

10、少提升 Availability in Bar Stock 可用于毛坯料加工 Poor in H2S 抗二氧化硫腐蚀能力差 Modern CRA Development 现代CRA（耐腐蚀合金）发展 Introduction began in the early 1970s 七十年到引入行业 CRAs used today are Fe or Ni-based alloys, some Ti Alloys 现金合金多为铁基合金和镍基合金，少数为钛基合金 Advances in manufacturing occurred to meet mechanical strength requirem

11、ents 生产工艺的发展满足了合金 工具对机械强度的要求 Had to optimize composition and heat treatments, define service limits 优化了合金结构和热处理工艺，对 服务环境进行了明确定义。 Alter thread designs 改变了丝扣设计 Advances in NDE technology occurred 无损检测技术出现 Modern CRA Development 现代CRA发展 Why Use CRAs? 为什么使用CRA？ Corrosion inhibition may be unproven or no

12、t effective enough. 腐蚀抑制剂不能达到理想效果 Cost of CRAs can be justified by loss of downtime due to downhole inhibitor treatments, workover avoidance, increased gas rates due to lower friction factor of CRA surface. 由于井下抑制剂而减少了停工期，弥补了因使用 CRA带来的成本增加。 High reliability when selected properly to match environmen

13、t. 一旦根据井下环境而选择了合适的合金， 其井下表现十分可靠。 Alloy 718合金718 Aerospace alloy that was optimized for use in oil and gasindustry Used for components in safety valves, gas lift valves, packers etc. Large effort to optimize heat treatments to obtain combination of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance require

14、d. Solution Anneal 1850F-1900F 1hr min- 2hrs 融化退火1850F-1900F 1小时（最小）-2小时 Age 6hrs min 8hrs 1425-1475F 持续时间6小时（最小）-8小时在1425-1475F Typical properties 120ksi YS, Charpy impact value min. 35 ft-lbs HRC 32-40 在油气田工业航空合金充分的利用 用于安全阀，气举阀，封隔器等的组成部分 尽可能优选热处理来得到强度、韧度以及抗腐蚀性的需求 典型的性质：120ksi屈服强度，夏氏冲击值最小35英尺磅、洛氏硬度

15、32-40 Alloy 925/718合金925/718 Yield Strength: 屈服强度： 925 - 110 ksi Min. 925-110ksi最小 718 - 120 or 130 ksi Min.718-120或130ksi最小 Isotropic 均质的 Excellent Corrosion Resistance 极好的抗腐蚀性 Available in all sizes in Bar Stocks 可用于各种尺寸的棒材 Compliance to NACE Standard MR0175 符合防腐工程师协会标准MR0175 No concerns with acid

16、izing 适应酸化条件 Experienced in HP/HT 适用于在高温高压 Smaller OD/Larger ID 小外径/大内径 Only 5% drop in y.s. at 350F 在350F的温度下只有小于5%屈服应力的下降 Weldable 可焊的 General and/or Sour service 一般和/或酸化服务 Intermediate and/or CO2 Service 过渡的和/或CO2 服务 Severe and/or H2S-CO2 service 服务和/或H2S-CO2 服务 Water injection Service 注水服务 SSSV安

17、全阀9CR, fl. Wet 4140 ext. 13CR fl wet 4140 ext or (all 13CR for 13CR tubing) 925/718 f.w. Or all 925/718 (for duplex or 825 tubing) 17-4PH or 25Cr Oxygen kept to a minimum.氧气保持一 个最小值。 Nipple坐落短节9CR13CR925/71817-4PH or 25Cr SPM材质4130410925/71817-4PH, Custom 450, 25Cr Packer封隔器4130/414013CR f.w. 4140 e

18、xt. 925/718 f.w. 4140 ext. 4140 ext., 17-4PH or 25Cr f.w. parts Material Selection for Completion Equipment 完井设备的材料选择 Field A Reservoir Data A油田储集层数据 大孔眼射孔器BHP 井底温度 BHT 井口温度FWHT 关井井口压力SI WHP 井的流体Well Fluid 实际垂深Depth (TVD) 采油速度Production rate 汽油比GOR 硫化氢H2S 二氧化碳CO2 氯离子浓度Cl- 汞离子Mercury Scale规模 甲醇Methan

19、ol 910 Bar (13,195 psi) 170 (338 F) 145 C (293 F) 720 Bar (10,440 psi) Gas Condensate凝析气 4,600 Meters (15,093 feet) 2 mmscmd/2,200 scmd (71 mmscfd/14,400 bpd) 900 11 - 30 ppm (0.14-0.39 psia) 4-7% (527 - 925 psia) 5,000 mg/l Traces追踪 Yes Injected注入 Well Completions 完井 5000 m: 7”, 26 lb/ft. Total tub

20、ing合计油管总重: Total equipment合计工具总重: 430 tons 430 吨 45 tons 45吨 RAW MATERIAL BAR STOCK ALLOY$/lb. 41301.0 41401.0 9Cr1.5 410-13Cr2.0 420 Mod.2.0 17-43.0 3042.5 3163.0 S13Cr5.0 4506.0 9185.5 Monel K-50012 92511.5 71812 625M20 72520 C-27650 MP35N60 Relative Cost 相对成本 Relative Cost of TRM/TRC SCSSV TRM/TRC安全阀的相对成本 1 1.5 3 1.0 1.3 2 9Cr Flow Wetted All 13 Cr ss All 718 TRCTRM Relative Cost 相对成本 Valve Material 材质 Surface Treatments 表面处理 Corrosion, wear, friction, etc. occur on the surfa