主谓一致授课

1、主谓一致1. 非并列主语的一致非并列主语的句子一般应遵循语法一致原则，即句中谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数相一致，同时也应视主语所表达的整体概念是单数还是复数而定。1.1 当a series of、a species of、an amount of、a portion of、a kind of、a sort of、a type of、a form of、a group of等+名词时，谓语用单数动词。例：-A series of problems has arisen in this city as the result of the development in industry由于工业的

2、发展，这个城市里已经出现了一系列的问题。-A portion of the old magazines is missing from the library图书馆里一部分老杂志丢了。-There is a kind of peony in the garden which fills the air with fragrance花园里有一种牡丹使满园芬芳。1.2 a number of+可数名词表示“很多，大量”，其后跟复数谓语；而“the number of十名词”则表示“的数目”，需跟单数谓语。-A number of my students have attended the lect

3、ure很多我的学生都听了这个讲座。-The number of my students who attended the meeting is 91.3 短语all of、 the rest of、half of、some of、most of、none of、enough of等后跟单数不可数名词时，谓语用单数；若其后跟复数名词，谓语则用复数。-The rest of the apple is rotten这个苹果其余的部分都烂了。-The rest of the apples are rotten其余的这些苹果是烂的。-When enough of a tree is chopped aw

4、ay, if alls当一棵树有很大一部分被砍去后，它就会倒掉。-Enough of the data on this subject have been collected关于这个课题的资料已经收集得足够了。1.4 表示“大量”意义的短语如：lots of、heaps of、loads of、hosts of后跟不可数名词，谓语用单数动词；后跟可数复数名词，谓语用复数动词。例：-Loads of big water melons were on the ground地上有很多大西瓜。-Loads of milk was given to them free大量的牛奶被免费赠予了他们。-Lot

5、s of people are lining up at the ticket office window 很多人正在售票窗外排队。-Lots of money has been saved up 很多钱被节省了下来。1.5 分数或百分数+of跟单数名词，谓语用单数动词；若跟复数名词，谓语用复数动词。例：-Two-thirds of the country was destroyed in the war这个国家有三分之二在战争中被毁了。-Two-thirds of the people present are against the proposal到场的人有三分之二反对这项提议。-Over

6、 60 percent Of the teachers in Foreign Language Department are women外语系有超过60的老师是女老师。1.6 one of+复数主语后应用单数谓语动词：在“one of+复数名词代词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式；但在“the only one of+复数名词代词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。例：-One of my friends has gone to Canada我的一个朋友去了加拿大。-This is one of the best books that have ever been wr

7、itten on the subject这是阐述这一课题的书中最好的一本。-Tom is the only one of my friends who is acquainted with the old man汤姆是我的朋友之中惟一与这位老人认识的。1.7 非限定动词短语、名词从句作主语时谓语动词一般用单数，但“what引导的主语从句谓语的数由“what的含义决定，单、复数均可，但单数比复数更为正规。例：-How close parents are to their children has a strong influence on the character of the childre

8、n父母与孩子关系的亲疏远近如何对孩子的性格有很大影响。-That that driver could not control his car was obvious那名司机控制不住他的车是显而易见的。-Whether Mike comes Or not doesnt concern me迈克来与不来与我无关。-Crossing the Atlantic by plan takes only a few hours nowadays乘飞机横越大西洋如今只需几小时。-To finish the job well in such a short time is impossible在这么短的时间内完

9、成好这项工作是不可能的。-What are required are some good dictionaries我们要的是一些好词典。 -What is required is some good dictionaries1.8 集合名词作主语时，若其含义为一个整体，谓语动词用单数：若其含义为构成该整体的各个成员，则谓语动词用复数。常见的集体名词有：audience、club、committee、crew、family、group、jury、majority、staff、team、army等。 -The committee have been arguing among them selve

10、s for hours委员会的成员们之间已经争论了几个小时。-The committee was set up in l990这个委员会成立于1990年。1.9 当表示时间、距离、重量、度量、面积、价值等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。-Ten minutes seems an hour when one is waiting for someone在等人的时候十分钟像是一个小时那么长。2. 并列主语的一致并列主语后面一般都跟复数谓语动词，有些词语连接的并列主语应遵循就近一致原则，但当并列主语在意义上指同一人、物、事或概念时，动词便要采用单数形式。2.1由and或bothand连接的两

11、个或两个以上 的人或物作主语时，谓语用复数。但如果and连接的两个主语指的是同一人或物，或指的同一概念时谓语用单数。例：-War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是一个永恒的历史主题。-The secretary and accountant Of the company was absent at the meeting这个公司的秘书兼会计没有到会。2.2 everyand和eachand以及no，and no后都跟单数动词。例：-Every teacher and student is admitted (同Every teache

12、r and every student is admitted)-Each boy and girl is encouraged to take part in the sport meet(同Each boy and each girl is encouraged to take part in the sport meet)2.3 由Or / eitheror/ neithernor/ not only but also连接的并列主语通常根据就近原则，动词与最靠近的并列成分保持一致。例：-Not only the workers but also the general manager h

13、as to a bide by the regulations. 不但工人们而且总经理也要遵守规章。 -Neither he nor you are fight他和你都不对。-Either George or l am to blame乔治和我都要受责备。2.4 either和neither后的谓语应该用单数，either指“两者中任何一个都”：neither表示“两者中的任何一个都不”。either和neither用作形容词时，后面也接单数动词。none用于名词表示三者或三者以上的否定，后面跟单数或复数动词都可。None of + n谓语动词视of后宾语的数而定。例：-Either of t

14、he books is good enough for me两本书中任何一本对我来说都很好。-Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger Of nuclear War is increasing两本书中的观点都不认为核战争的危险正在加剧。 -None of men here is his father这儿的人里没有他父亲。-None of the books On the desk are/is mine桌上的书没有一本是我的。2.5 There be+名词时，be动词的单复数由紧跟在它后面的名词的数决定。例：-Ther

15、e is a pen and two books On the table桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。-There are two books and a pen on the table桌子上有两本书和一支钢笔。2.6 主语+as well as或as much as、rather than、more than、 no less than、 together with、 along with、 in addition to、in stead of等短语时，谓语的数视主语的单、复数而定。主语为单数，谓语也用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。例：-Tom together with his fami

16、ly has been to London汤姆和他的家人已经去伦敦了。-The pilot as well as two of the passengers has miraculously escaped death那个飞行员和两名乘客奇迹般地逃生了。 -Two of the passengers as well as the pilot have miraculously escaped death两名乘客和那名飞行员奇迹般地逃生了。 -Her roommates，rather than Ruth, are to blame for the accident她的室友，而不是露希，应对这起事

17、故负责。-Ruth，rather than her roommate，is to blame for the accident是露希，而不是她的室友，该对这起事故负责。3其他一致3.1平行一致3.1.1 由连接词：and、but、or、as well as、eitheror bothandnot onlybut also等连接的平行结构。-Having no money but not wanting anyone to know，he simply said he would go without dinner由于没有钱又不想让任何人知道，他只好说他不想吃饭就走。3.1.2在由比较连词as、

18、than、more than等连接的句子中，前后的比较成分应保持一致。-I like watching TV more than going to the cinema我喜欢看电视胜过看电影。3.1.3在rather than连接的句子中，rather than前后所连接的成分应保持词性的一致。若为动词，则其后用动词原形。 -Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them核武器的发展应该用来造福人民而不是为害人民。(rather than后用动词原形)-He resigned rat

19、her than take part in such a dishonest transaction，他宁愿辞职也不愿参与这种欺诈的交易。3.2指代一致 1 句中的代词应与它所对应的名词或名词词组在数、性和人称等方面保持一致。 -Tom and Ruth havent made up their minds yet汤姆和露希还没有拿定注意。-I have two cassette recordersThey are both of Japanese made我有两台录音机。它们都是日本产的。2表示物的代词如：everything、anything、something、nothing等作主语时，句中相应的代词一律用单数。-Something strange happened yesterday，didnt it. 昨天有怪事发生，不是吗?-Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切准备就绪，是吗