British Romanticism

1、Chapter 5 Romanticism 1798-1832 The Romantic Period Time 1798 The publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Ballads 1832 Sir Walter Scotts death and the passage of the first Reform Bill Definition A revival of ancient Greek and Roman classical art Emphasis on the special qualities of each ind

2、ividual A change from outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit I. Generalization wRomanticists: poetry, imagination w 1. Poetry: w A. Passive Romanticists: w Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey w B. Active Romanticists: w Byron, Shelly, Keats w 2. Novel: Walter Scott II.

3、Passive Romanticism in Poetry （the First Generation ） Lake poets Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey Where is the Lake District? The Lake District is right here! London Daffodils at Ullswater-3 Sea of Daffodils Windermere (The largest lake in the Lake District) Windermere in Autumn (1). William Wordswort

4、h (nature) Wordsworth House Wordsworth Memorial (Opposite Wordsworth House) 1. “Lyrical Ballads” (collection, 1798) A joint work ; Beginning of Romantic Movement; It begins with Coleridges “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” Preface: 3. “The Solitary Reaper” 4. “The Daffodils” 5. “Lucy” poems Now read

5、 the poem aloud and feel it. The Daffodils I wanderd lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils, Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the

6、milky way, They stretchd in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A Poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company! I gazed - and gazed - bu

7、t little thought What wealth the show to me had brought. For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. William Wordsworth Pop quiz w1. The Lake Poets

8、include the following except _. A. Southey wB. William Wordsworth wC. Samuel Taylor Coleridge wD. William Blake w2. William Wordsworth is frequently referred to as a _. A. religious poet wB. worshipper of nature wC. modern poet wD. worshipper of beauty (2). Samuel Taylor Coleridge w 1. “The Rime of

9、the Ancient Mariner” w 2. “Kubla Khan” w w Supernatural The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Part I: The Mariner stops a wedding guest and forces him, spellbound, to listen to his story. The ship sails south to equator. A storm hits the ship and impels it south. They are stuck in ice. An albatross appear

10、s and is befriended by the shipmates. A south wind springs up and takes them northward. The Mariner kills the albatross with his crossbow. Part II: They sail north. They suffer from thirst. Slimy things are on the surface, and lights are on the water and masts at night. They hang the bird around his

11、 neck. Part III: He sees a ship far off. They rejoice thinking they are saved, but then despair when they wonder how a ship can sail without wind. It is a skeleton ship with only a woman, Life-in-Death, and a mate, Death, for crew. They play dice for the crew and she wins. The sun sets and the skele

12、ton ship departs. The crew dies, one by one, and their souls fly out. Part IV: The wedding guest is afraid that he is speaking to a ghost, but the Mariner assures him that he did not die. He is left alone and tries to pray but cannot. For seven days he looks at the dead men and cannot die. He sees t

13、he water snakes by the light of the moon. He blesses them and is able to pray. The albatross falls from his neck. Part V: He sleeps and awakens to find it raining. A roaring wind and storm comes, and the dead crew rises and mans the ship. The spirit from the snow and ice moves them to the equator ag

14、ain, and the ship stands still. It moves back and forth then makes a sudden bound. He swoons. He hears two voices in his sleep. Part VI: The two voices talk. He wakes up. The spirits signal the shore. Part VII: As they approach a rumble is heard under the water. The ship splits and sinks. His body f

15、loats and is found and dragged aboard the boat. When he moves his lips they scream. He rows the boat. The Mariner is overcome by a fit which forces him to tell his tale. Since then, he has had to travel from land to land and tell his tale. He has powers of speech and knows the men to whom he must te

16、ll his tale. The sounds of merriment come from the wedding party within. He tells how sweet it is for him to have company after being alone on the sea and tells the wedding guest to love all thing both great and small. “Kubla Khan” 梦游天姥吟留别 李白 w半壁见海日，空中闻天鸡。 w千岩万转路不定，迷花倚石忽已暝。 w熊咆龙吟殷岩泉，深林兮惊层巅。 w云青青兮欲雨，

17、水澹澹兮生烟。 w列缺霹雳，丘峦崩摧。 w洞天石扇，訇然中开。 w青冥浩荡不见底，日月照耀金银台。 Pop quiz w1. Lyrical Ballads (1798) was a collection of poems by _. A. James Thomson and William Collins B. Thomas Gray and Robert Burns C. Percy Bysshe Shelley and George Gordon Byron D. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge w2. The poetry

18、of Samuel Taylor Coleridge may be characterized by its _. A. plain language wB. supernatural color wC. scenes of common life wD. traditional images (3). Robert Southey In 1813, made Poet Laureate, a post for 30 years. III. Active Romanticists wThe Second Generation of Romantics wSatanic (1) . George

19、 Gordon Byron (1788- 1824) Life of Byron Major poetic works (1) “Childe Harolds Pilgrimage” w(2)“Don Juan” 唐璜 his most important but unfinished. A long poem of 16,000 lines, 16 cantos, in ottava rima(abababcc); each stanza has 8 iambic pentameter lines. w The Isles of Greece Byronic hero An idealize

20、d but flawed character whose attributes include: w being a rebel; w having a distaste for social institutions; w being an exile; w a lack of respect for rank w having great talent; w hiding an unsavoury past; w being highly passionate; 1) ultimately, being self-destructive. (2). Percy Bysshe Shelley

21、 (1792- 1822) w1. Life w2. Major works w (1) “Promethus Unbound” (1820), w his masterpiece, w Greek myth, w revolutionary, w liberator, w against tyranny w(2) lyrics on nature and love w “Ode to the West Wind” w “To a Skylark” w “One Word is too often profaned” Ode to the West Wind wAccording to She

22、lleys note, This poem was conceived and chiefly written in a wood that skirts the Arno, near Florence, and on a day when that tempestuous wind, whose temperature is at once mild and animating, was collecting the vapours which pour down the autumnal rains. They began, as I foresaw, at sunset with a v

23、iolent tempest of hail and rain, attended by that magnificent thunder and lightning peculiar to the Cisalpine regions. Symbolic Meanings of the west wind w(1) It symbolizes regeneration which follows the destruction and death of winter. w(2) Personally, Shelley sees it as a force that will reinvigor

24、ate him, the wind of spirit and inspiration. w(3) Socially and politically, the wind represents the destructive and revolutionary energies, overthrowing long-established and corrupt social order. w(4) Spiritually, it is an abstract expression or manifestation of the spirit within nature, a driving f

25、orce behind the wheel of the seasons and the cycles of life and death. w Byron and Shelley: wTwo active romanticists, revolutionary spirits, satire on society, confidence wByron: individual heroes, Byronic hero; wShelley: Faith in the collective strength of the people; wByron: cynicism / Shelley: al

26、ways hopeful Review w1. All the following have written plays in verse except _. A. George Gordon Byron wB. Percy Bysshe Shelley C. George Bernard Shaw wD. T. S. Eliot w2. Shelleys source for Prometheus Unbound was a play by _. A. William Shakespeare wB. Aeschylus wC. Euripides wD. Sophocles w3. In “

27、Ode to the West Wind”, the wild west wind is referred to as the wind of _. A. spring wB. summer wC. autumn wD. winter Frankenstein Mary Shelley The Publishing of Frankenstein wIn 1818, the first science fiction story. The Title of the Novel wThe name “Frankenstein” originates not from the Creature,

28、but the Creator, Victor Frankenstein. wVictor, like Shelley, suffers the loss of many loved ones at an early age. wHe creates his creature as a way to bring back the dead. Frankenstein: Introduction A young scientist named Victor Frankenstein dreams of discovering how to create life. And once he hol

29、ds the key to creation, he wants to use it. Frankenstein: Introduction In a secret laboratory, he achieves his goal. Frankenstein: Introduction Frankenstein creates a manor rather, a horrifying creature in the shape of a man. Frankenstein: Introduction Frankensteins overconfident dream quickly becom

30、es a nightmare. The Doppelganger wThe story is a Doppelganger, or German word for “double image.” wBoth the Creature and Victor mirror each other in their effort to destroy the other. wThe Doppelganger represents a divided self, or two alter egos who are more alike than different. (3). John Keats (1795-1821) Portrait of Keats wPortrait of John Keats in Rome, shortly before his death from tuberculosis in February 1821, by his friend Joseph Severn. Here lies