浅析英美姓氏起源及文化内涵毕业论文

1、毕业论文（设计）title: an analysis the origin of american and british surnames and its cultural connotations题 目: 浅析英美姓氏起源及文化内涵学生姓名 孙雪云 学 号 bc09110521 指导教师 董志友 讲师年 级 2009级英本五班专 业 英语系 别 外国语言文学系黑龙江外国语学院本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书姓名学号专业班级毕业论文（设计）题目：毕业论文（设计）的立题依据主要内容及要求进度安排 10月 20日 选题 10月 20日 10月 30 日 接受指导老师的指导 1 月 6 日 1月 20

2、 日 拟定论文大纲 1 月 21 日 2月 28 日 搜集、查阅、整理相关资料 3 月 1 日 3月 20 日 论文开题 3 月 21日 4月 20 日 初稿审定 4 月 21日 4月 30 日 第一次修改 5月 1 日 5月 15 日 第一次审定 5月 15日 5月 30 日 第二次修改 5 月 30 日 6月 5 日 定 稿6月 5 日 6月 15 日 论文评阅小组评审论文（设计） 6 月 10日 毕业论文（设计）答辩学生签字：指导教师签字：年 月 日摘要 姓氏是一种文化现象。英语姓氏体现了英语民族的文化，同时反映了英语名族的社会生活。英语姓氏来源很广，含义也很丰富，本文从以下几点进行了阐

3、述：（1）英美姓氏的构成形式及含义；（2）英美姓氏的来源，主要从以下几个方面进行论述: 血液、地名、职业、与个人自身相关、动植物、圣经、昵称绰号；（3）英美姓氏的文化内涵，主要从以下几个方面进行论述：宗教信仰、民族风情、思维方式、历史风貌、社会变迁、身份地位、自然崇拜。通过对以上几个方面的深入探讨，分析了英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵，了解了其中的文化蕴含，有助于我们更深刻的理解西方文化和学习语言，进而提高语言运用能力。关键词：英美姓氏；文化内涵；来源abstractsurname is a cultural phenomenon. english surnames reflect the nati

4、onal culture, and reflects the social life of english nations at the same time. the source of the english surname is very wide. its meaning is also very rich, this text is better described from the following points: (1) constitute forms of american and british surnames; (2) the source of the british

5、 and american surname; mainly discussed from the following aspects: the blood, place names, profession, associated with individual itself, plants and animals, the bible, nickname; (3) american and british surnames culture connotation, mainly discussed from the following aspects: religious beliefs, n

6、ational customs, way of thinking, historical style and features, social change, status, natural worship. through in-depth discussion of the above aspects, analyses the origin of the american and british surnames and cultural connotations, and know about its culture. help us to deep understand the we

7、stern culture, study language and improve the language abilities.key words: american and british surnames, the cultural connotation, source黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文contents摘要iabstractiichapter 1 introduction1chapter 2 constitute forms of american and british surnames3chapter 3 the sourse of the british and

8、american surnames53.1 occupational titles53.2 physiological characteristic63.3 the name of the animals and plants63.4 nicknames73.5 place names and building names73.6 patronymic surnames83.7 the color83.8 the surname from the mother name93.9 the bible9chapter 4 cultural connotation104.1 national cus

9、toms104.2 religious belief114.3 social change124.4 identity134.5 way of thinking144.6 historical features144.7nature worship15chapter 5 conclusion16bibliography19acknowledgements20 an analysis the origin of american and british surnames and its cultural connotationschapter 1 introductionname is a sy

10、mbol; it is a sign of the difference between each other of people. english surnames is very wide, meaning is also very rich. it implies an ethnic language, history, geography, religion, and class status information. discussion about english surnames culture connotation, understand the cultural impli

11、cation, help us learning language and learning culture, avoid pragmatic failure in communication and under the different cultural context, improved the pragmatic competence.british have only name and no surname in a very long period of time. the reasons of the formation of english name is very simpl

12、e, is to distinguish between two people of the same name. surname in europe appears only back to the early fourteenth century, until sixteenth century was widely popular.china has the book of family name. in fact, not only hundreds and it may be thousands on. english surname is a great many, oxford

13、university house published surname dictionary (by patrick hanks and flavia hodges editor) including the uk and ireland common surname up to fifteen thousand. but most family names are let person feel very strange, not many people use, the main surname is also only a few dozen. li, wang and zhang are

14、 main surname of china and english three surnames is smith, jones, williams.the 11 century british aristocracy began to use their homes as last name, and a generation to generation. ordinary people have a plenty of choice their own surnames, or other people give their nickname as a family name. beca

15、use the name is immutable, “name” to become the most important part of the name after. for christian people, usually a week after a child is born by the parents go to church baptism, at the same time, as the priest, parents, relatives and friends give their children a name, it is called “baptismal n

16、ame” “given name”. for no religious people, the parents give the child a name according to their wishes. the origin of the name is associated with the countrys history development. to understand english name after habits and methods of the country is an opportunity to learn english national culture

17、background, help to our daily communication. surname as a title of family system with inheritance, and the family members have in common, can constitute a branch of culture, the surname culture. surname is a history product of social development, its emergence and development is affected by a countr

18、y specific social environment and cultural background, but also from the side reflect the cultural information of a nations history, religion, customs, values, morals, ethics, etc. and convey the national psychology, thinking mode and value orientation, is the living fossil of a national culture.the

19、 connotation of the english name is special rich. understand english surnames, is a great help to learners of english, improve my english level and chinese college students know about britains last name. chapter 2 the source of the british and american surnamethe surname of english has been existed

20、in a fixed mode. english surname originated from many languages; old english, old french，the ancient norse，the irish language，gaelic, celtic, welsh, gaulish, germanic, latin, hebrew and so on. the origin of the english surname reflected the english history. in the history, english has been afflictin

21、g the war and invaded by other racial countries; england has a wide connection with other racial countries.before the norman conquest, on the peninsula of england anglo - saxons was still in the backward tribal society stage. each family to rely on kinship formed groups, they lived dispersed in diff

22、erent villages, kinship constitutes was link between the internal tribal groups. when people had no surnames, the name of the family members is an important symbol of mutual recognition. due to the backward mode of production, transportation occlusion, the narrow space, people use only “name” seems

23、to meet the communication needs of internal tribal, no need to create a set of identification symbol system make their original simple lifestyle become complicated. the norman conquest of england, the british feudal system formation was completed and has been strengthened and developed, the feudal s

24、ystems development promote the development of economic and social. social contacts personnel on complex, a lot of the same name to the people in the political, trade, and the statutes, tax and other aspects to create a lot of trouble and inconvenience. more accurate, convenient, effective, reliable

25、regional occasion is becoming more and more necessary. norman the use of force to conquer the british but the british (anglo - saxons) defeated in their own language (english) the ruling class language (french) and making it the national unity of language. the norman surname conformed to the histori

26、cal development, adapted to the needs of economic development, gradually popular in the uk.british people began to use surname is after the norman conquest, the normans conquered not only bring a lot of english vocabulary development, also brought the surnames for british，initial these surname still

27、 changeable and after fixed down gradually, become a surname can be passed from generation to generation.chapter 3 american and british surnames constitute forms we know that the source of chinese surname is very complex, but most of the them contact with life and, and the same of the them are name

28、after animals, plants or other natural objects, such as horses, cattle, dragon, willow, plum, plum, leaf, valley, wheat, river, gold, stone, etc.; some of the them use the professional as surname, such as witch, jungle, etc. english surnames are complex and diverse. in the late period of the middle

29、ages, population growth, the flow of the population also increases, which leads to the underlying social english names in not enough. previously, a british farmer named john, tom and job is ok, now cant, now more people have same name, must be to invent a new name.the first way is behind the name ad

30、ditional son, said is someones son, such as johnson, thomson and jobson. later found that this way is too monotonous too rustic and came up with many other methods. but in a word, the surname comes from life or myths and legends. it can be roughly seven classes: use profession, the physiological cha

31、racteristics, mountains/ water/ animal/ plant, nickname, residence, and christian doctrine or myths/ legends as surname.a minority of the surnames is made of the two words, combined with the hyphen and existed compound surname in english. for example: lloyd-jones, bartlett-smith and so on. this comp

32、ound surname has been existed combined the parents name. this can avoid to repeat, and it reflect a way of inherit. the fortune of english aristocracy prescribes that it will be inherited by the descendents. if there is not the male successor, the female descendent must combine the two familys name.

33、 this is the origin of english compound name.3.1 occupational titlesenglish surnames include carpenter, thatcher, hunter, taylor, turner, carter, etc, last name comes from the original professional carpenter, roofing, hunter, tailor, turner, coachman, etc.the professional as a name, that is to say w

34、hat ancestors do offspring have the surname? therefore, american singer karen carpenters ancestors must have been a carpenter; the handsome boy of the magic harry potter ancestors is certainly make pots; former british prime minister, mrs. thatchers family had also dont like now so broadly, turned o

35、ut to be a cover thatched house. in addition, a professional as the name also have baker, cook, smith, day, fisher, hunter sawyer sheriff, etc. this also with chinas last name as well as.3.2 physiological characteristicsome words to describe individual gastric body and personality traits, such as: l

36、ongman, brown, black, sharp, read, hardy, daum, etc, english surnames, its meaning for those tall, brown skin, tanned black hair person, smart, erudite, bold hardy, finger deformity. to body parts name for the surname, such as the back, cheek, hand, brain, fist, finger, etc. english surname is to th

37、e human body parts for the name of the last name.3.3 the name of the animals and plantssome people as worship and tribute for animals or plants use their name as a surname. have common bird, fish, the lion, swan, wolf, fox, apple, bush, flower, rose, wood, etc.surname from animals. this way to produ

38、ced mainly because in the middle ages, people like to use what they advocate sign of animal decorate their heads. such as someone like brave lion, they use the lions surname for the surname. also, such as: bull, fox, peacock, lamb, bird, badger, bandicoots, hart, etc.3.4nicknamein greek, hypokoristi

39、c refers to pet or nickname, the nickname is a name of person. nickname sounds more kind, such as pip is phillips nickname, kit is a nickname for christopher, some english surname is by some of the nicknames. nickname including diminutive, abbreviation and childhood name. it is called express kind b

40、etween relatives and friends in english nation, is derived on the basis of the given name.nicknames, this word comes from old english “an eke name” or “also name”. sometime the nickname is a kindly makes fun of, sometimes is the disgust expression. a lot modern surname is evolved from ancient nickna

41、me, such as: the nickname of describe the human body characteristics: tubby, brodhead. the nickname of described herein intelligence or personality characteristics: wise, sharp, angel, ironsides. the nickname of use animal name tracing painting looks or temperament: lamb, sheep, described, bull.nick

42、name for the surname, also use ancestor features for the surname, may be also others for his father give nickname. people could have name no surname yet, but if there are a few people as the same name, people will be in after their name add their respective features to distinguish, over time, these

43、features will become their surname. such as several people at the same time are called rock, and one of the rocks is relatively high, people call it rock longfellow. similarly, chin bearded man can surname beard, bang big waist round may name is broad, may be a little small. the ancestors of the fir

44、st astronauts to land on the moon must be arm grow very strong, hence the name of armstrong.3.5 places name and building namethis way used in france before, the 11th century after the norman conquest of england into england. it should be noted that many of the noble family name in this manner. this

45、last name often has de, del particle, meaning. saxon corresponding way is “a”, such as: john ate brook, edgar atwell, and william atwood. later, at particles were removed, the appearance of the above name is now; john brooks, edgar well, william wood. similar last name is everest, ford, hill, lake,

46、and field.residence of family name, that is to say ancestors lived in what place, what last name their offspring. many british people surnamed hill, for example, the ancestors of these people such as visible living in the mountain, and the former british prime minister winston churchills ancestors l

47、ived in a church hill. some peoples ancestors lived in the swamp, so they will name of marsh, and some ancestors lived at the edge of the stream, so they will name is brook. as a result, more bad is the current us president george bush, it may ancestors lived in the bushes, interacting with fox, the

48、 flow of the hedgehog. china also has many ancestors live as family name, one of the most famous is famous as the west door celebrate big handsome boy, and he had lived old simon.3.6 patronymic surnames many european countries have adopted this method. this method is in the fathers name and said the

49、 son of the meaning of the prefix or suffix. english suffixson and swedes suffix son, scottish prefixes mac , irish prefixing mac or mc and q, norman adds fitz, german von, spanish and italians add di, danish and norwegian suffix-seen. such as: johnson, mcneill, macadam, jense, obrian, williams, fit

50、zherbert.3.7the colorsometimes color also becomes peoples surname. a man with red hair is may be to be known as tom red. but sometimes come down name will change for a long time, tom read or reade is may be to be the offspring of tom. the people who live in the village near the grass might have been

51、 called tom green. there are white, black.3.8 the surname from the mother nameeurope has been a religious society for a long time, the name of male parents passed down naturally. as a son or daughter will be called before their marriage, but a minority of surname is nearly made of females name. thes

52、e female may be the widow half of her life, or the independent descendant. sometimes, -son becomes the suffix. for example, eveson, son of eve, the surname of england ismaddison.3.9the biblethe name of the characters in the bible and christianity are the saint who is also an important source of engl

53、ish surnames library. such as james, john, and michael, ellis, elliot. in addition, martin, gregory, lawrence and vincent these saints names, is a very common last name now. chapter 4 cultural connotationenglish names come from a wide variety of sources, having rich and colorful cultural implication

54、s due to social and historical reasons. some researches indicate that undesirable english names have various influences on the bearers and other people around them. a better understanding of the related information may help to promote our english study and cross2culture communication thus enhances o

55、ur cognitive abilities.in english names, the surname is inherited by their heritage. it is certain constancy, not selectively, but the name is different. if a name no has some special meaning, but it is have some connection with interested things of other named people, or for some special because of

56、 it. mary and john this two names not only has a special meaning, and there are two important religious names of the characters in christianity, so very popular. in general, english name can reflect the following information.english surnames developed under the influence of the many aspects of the s

57、ociety at that time. including national custom, religious belief, social change, status, way of thinking, historic, nature worship, etc. in the british feudal society, the effect on the development of surnames is great. we mainly to illustrate the relationship from seven aspects.4.1 national customsmany english names originated from the social daily lives, embody the unique life ways between english and america nations directly. the personal characters, interpersonal relationships, art activities, ancient institutions and life entertainment b