现在完成时讲义

1、区别现在完成时讲义一 基本结构：助动词 have/has+ 过去分词 （done）二 句型：否定句：主语 +have/has+not+ 过去分词 +其他 .一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他 .简略答语 : Yes, 主语 + have/has.（ 肯定 ） No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.（ 否定 ）三用法（ 1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造 成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含义是: 现在我没有钱花了 .）Guo zijunhas （just/already） come. （含义：

2、郭子君现在在这儿 ）My father has gone to work.（ 含义是 : 我爸爸现 在不在这儿 ）（ 2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的, 持续到现在的动作 （用行为动词表示） 或状态（ be动词表示） 常与 for （ +时间段） ,since （ +时间点或过去时的句子） 连用 . for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点(译为：自从以来) since+ 时段 +ago since+ 从句(过去时) It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句(过去时)Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived heresince

3、 1998.四 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的Have/Has gone（to） : 去了 （ 现在不在说话现场 ）Where is your fatherHe has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in ：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months./since two months ago.五现在完成时的

4、标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响 , 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 :* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He has already gother help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seenthe film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film Ihave ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never beento Beijing.他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生

5、的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他 说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以 so far （ 到目前为止） 为标 +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已 到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2. 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在 , 甚至有可能继续延续下去 , 我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”beginbeonfinishbe点段的区分入手 , 进一步学习现在完成时。* for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点(

6、过 去 从句)为标志注意： 1) 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用 , 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago等 ; 2)不能与 when 连用 2. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过 去时间状语连用六过去分词1 、规则动词 ：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与 规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1) 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。overopenbediebe dead单项选择。openclose be closed1 、 Both his parents look sadwhats happened to him .knowMa

7、ybe they呼和浩特) . knew . have known . must know .will2、He hasbeen to Shanghai , has he. already .never .ever . still3 、 Have you met Mr Li ？. just. ago .before . a moment ago4、 The famous writer one new book in the pastso far .even . changed ; good . changed ; betteralready in thisoutbe outleave be aw

8、ay. will see. have seen. saw .seework-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2) 、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3) 、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾， 末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双 写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规则动词 ：课本七

9、瞬间动词 ( buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join )不能直接与 for since 连用。要改变动词 buyhave borrow keepcome/arrive/reach/get tobe in gotwo years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5 、 Our country a lot Yes . I hope it will be. has changed ; well. has changed ; better6 、 Zhao Lan _ school for two years

10、 . was ; studying. will ; study. has ; studied. are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .Iit twice .9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really When there ？. will they go. did they go. do they go . h

11、ave they gone10 、 you _ your homeworkyet ？ Yes . I ita moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ;finish11、 His father the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12 、 Do you know him well？ Sure .We friends since ten ye

12、arsago . were . have been . have become . have made13 、 How long have you here ？ About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14 、 Hurry up! The play for tenminutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15 、 It ten years since he left the army . is . has . will. was16 、 Miss Green isnt in th

13、e office . she tothe library . .has gone . went .will go . has been17 、 My parents Shandong for ten years . have been in. have been to. have gone to. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom,？A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. haven tthey19、has Mr White been a member of Greener Chin

14、a since he to China ？A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、His unclefor more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university 二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, （改成反意疑问句）2 、 They have been heresince 2000. （对划线部分提问） th

15、ey been here ？3、The old man last year. He for a year. （die）（动词填空）4 、 This factory opened twenty years ago.（同义句转换）This factory for twenty years.5 、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换 ）Miss Gao an hourago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years . （同义句）Her mother the Party three years7、The Green Family moved t