中学宾语从句

1、中学宾语从句中学英语宾语从句语法讲解宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹， that ， if/whether ，wh-/how 展风采。 展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。 主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选 that ，疑问需用 if/whether 连。 特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的 if/when ，从句的简化记心间。歌诀解码 一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （ that ） we should learn from each other.2. 由 if/wh

2、ether 引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由 who ，where ，how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的 宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest postoffice ？ 二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用 that （ that 在口语或非正 式文体中常省略） ；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用 if/whether ；如果从句是特殊疑问句， 引导词用由疑问词转换 而来的疑问代词 /副词。2. 语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句

3、，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said （ that ） he was an honest boy. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈 述语序。如：Does he work hard ？ I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave ？ I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况 而定。如：I have hea

4、rd （that ） he will come back next week. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said （that ） there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、 自然现象等时， 不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称， 变为宾语从句则与主句 的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果 是第三人称，不用变

5、化。如：May I use your knife ？ He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.Do you know her telephone number？He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。 主句是陈述句， 用句 号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk ？ I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know ？ W

6、here does he live ？Do you know where he lives ？四、两副面孔if 和 when 既能引导时间状语从句， 又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于 两副面孔 的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow ， I wont come. （时间状语 从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.（宾语从句）五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是 find ， see ， watch ，hear 等感官 动词时， 从句常简化为 宾语宾补 结构，宾 补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。

7、如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope ，wish ，decide ，forget ，plan ， agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不 定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词 /副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与 主

8、句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 连 接代词 / 副词不定式 结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station 宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句1 These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said these flowers from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teac

9、her told me light faster than sound.3 There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know there a meetingin five days.4 Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know French.5 Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me the children games.6 Have you finished your homework

10、 yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _homework yet.7 How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows in thepicture?8 Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know her car?9 What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered often about.10 Who kno

11、cked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know he still in that street.12. Whats his name? I asked him.I asked him what .13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me .14. Do they want fried ch

12、icken? He asked the boys.He asked the boys they fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know the watch made in Shanghai.二、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He saidA. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comesafter spring( ) 2. T

13、om asked my friend .A. where was he fromB. that the earth is biggerthan the moonC. when did he come backD. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you .A. how much is the carB. how much doesthe car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spenton the car( ) 4. Peter knew .A. whether he has fi

14、nished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they willleave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me ?A. where do you liveB. who you arewaiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )6. I cant understand the boy alone.A. why she leftB. w

15、hy did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun in the east.A. rise B. rose C. risesD. had risen( )8.I dont know up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see .A. what was the matterB. what the

16、matter wasC. what the matter isD. whats the matter( )10. He asked his father A. where it happensC. how it happened( )11. No one tells us_A. how we should doB. where did it happen D. how did it happen , so we need your help.B. what should we doC. how to do it D. what to do it( )12. Could you please t

17、each me the computer.A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. tohow checking( )13.They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which()14. Where do you thinkhethe TV set?Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can

18、 tell it would be like in five years.A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D.what, another()16. Could you tell me? Yes. Hee_ to thUSA.A. where is he/ has beenB. where he is/ hasgoneD. where he was/ hasC. where was he/ has beengone()17.Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow.Yes. But if it , we

19、ll visit the museuminstead.A. you have/ will rainB. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rainsD. will you have/ rainsit when she()18. I really dont know if sheA. finds/ arrivesB. finds/ will arriveC. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said she would leave the messageon t

20、he headmasters desk.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what( )20. He asked me .A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Ch

21、eese wasan interesting book. A. thatB. how C. what D. if( )22. You must remember .A. what your teacher saidB. what did your teachersayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said( )23. I dont know .A. which room I can liveB. which room can I liveC. which room I can live inD. which room ca

22、n I live in( )24. Do you know when he back ? Sorry , I dont . When he back ,Ill tell you .A. comes ; comesB. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comesD. will come ; will come( )25 The girls asked if they some food and drinkwith them.A. tookB. take C. takes D. will take( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guang

23、zhou.A. has never goneB. had never goneC. has never beenD. had never been( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. hadB. has C. will have D. are( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( )29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B.

24、if C. when D. where( )30. Do you know they listened to yesterdayevening?A. whatB when C why D how三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.( how, why )2. Do you know else is going to be on duty today？( who, whom )3. She said it wouldnt matter much. ( that, if )4. He always t

25、hinks he can do better.( how, who )5. I really dont know the bridge will be finished.( how long, how soon )6. They dont know to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about well go backtomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know so many people are looki

26、ng at him.(how, why)10. Do you know you are studying for? (why, what)四、句型转换。1. Do you want to try it? Toms motherasked him.( 同义句 )Toms mother asked him to try it.2. I think this is a good idea. (改为否定句) I this a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy. ( 改为复合句)Lucy hasnt decided buy.4.

27、I dont know how I can get to the hospital.(改为简单句)I dont know to thehospital.5. I dont suppose they will come, (改为反意疑问句 )五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who (be) the first man to walk onthe moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office (is)?4. Our father

28、 said that he (will) buy a newcomputer.5. I hear that he (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father (work).7. He said that he (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could (hike) to the top of themountain.9. He was glad that so many people (help) him.10. She doesn

29、t know whether (go) or wait.宾语从句参考答案：一、 1.that, were 2.that, travels 4.if/whether they can speak 6.if/whether he had finished his can see 8.where she parked knocked 11.if/whether, lives 14.if/whether, wanted 二、15: DDDBB 1620:BCDAC 三、 1.why 2.who3.that, would be 5.if/whether, are playing7. how many p

30、eople you9.what he, talked 10.who 12.his name was15.if/whether, was610:ACDBC21 25:DACCA3.that 4.how11 15:CCBAD26 30:DCCBA5.how soon6. whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what 四、 1.if/whether he wanted2.dont think, is3. which trousers she can4.how to get5.will they五、 1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swa

31、m 6.works7. had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go 状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介 词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . （ 副词 ）2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . （介词状短 语）3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her ho

32、use every day . （ 不定式 ）4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . （ 过去分词 ）5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before . （原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活， 可以位于句首、 句末或句中。 enough 用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大 类，分别表示时间、 地点、 原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、 比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和

33、 用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要 掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下 : 1 时间状语从句 常用引导词： when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特 殊引导词： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ， the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when I

34、didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard（果园 ） the momentthey saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2 地点状语从

35、句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因状语从句常用引导词： because, since, as, since特殊引导词： seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,My friends dislike me

36、because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4 目的状语从句常用引导词： so that, in o

37、rder that特殊引导词： lest, in case, for fear that ，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 结果状语从句 常用引导词： so t

38、hat, so that, such that,特殊引导词： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6 条件状语从句 常用引导词： if, unless,特殊引导词：

39、as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that,suppose that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 让步状语从句常用引导词： though, although

40、, even if, even though特 殊引导词： as（ 用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装 ）， while （ 一般用在句首 ） ，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weath

41、er is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比较状语从句常用引导词：as（同级比较）,than（不同程度的比较）特殊引导词： the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is thre

42、e times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油 之于机器。9 方式状语从句常用引导词： as, as if, how特殊引导词： the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taugh

43、t us.10. 状语从句的简化 状语从句的省略 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件 : 主句和从句的主语一致， 或从句主语为it;从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中 的主语和 be 动词常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ).The higher

44、 the temperature (is), the greater the pressure(is ).就状语从句而言 , 有时为了使语言言简意赅 , 常常将状语从句 进行简化 。状语从句的 简化现象在口语中较为普遍 ,而且 在高考中的复现率也较高。 因此 ,有必要对其进行全面、 透彻 的了解。状 语从句的 简化 现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中: 由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句；由although, though,even if / though 等引导的让步状语从句；由when, while,as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句；由

45、as,as if等引导的方式状语从句；由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完 全简化掉。例如 :If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可 能的话 ,他会帮你摆脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient toyou. 除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。(2) 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和 be 动词简化掉。常用

46、于以下几种情形 :a. 连词+形容词As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. 他小时候 就学会了骑自行车。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. 她有空就 去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. 少壮不努 力,老大徒伤悲。b. 连词 +名词While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在孩提时代就乐于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director. 尽管他曾是个农民 ,而现在是位著名的导演了。c. 连词+现在分词As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。Although (he is) doing his best