(完整版)人教版初中英语中考复习知识点归纳总结全册(2),推荐文档

1、人教版英语中考分册复习知识点unit 1-unit 2重点句型1. my names jenny.im gina. nice to meet you.2. whats your/his/her name?my/his/her name is .3. whats your/his/her family/first name?4. whats your telephone number?its 218-9176.5. whats his/ her telephone number?6. whats this/that in english?its a ruler.7. is this/that y

2、our pencil?yes, it is./no, it isnt.8. how do you spell pencil?/spell pencil./can you spell pencil?9. is that your computer game in the lost and found case?10. call alan at 495-3539.重点语法be 在一般现在时中的基本用法：i 用 am, you 用 are，is 跟着他她它。he ,she ,it 用 is，we, you they 都用 are。单数名词用is，复数名词都用 are。be 的几种形式：is, am,

3、 are being was, were been主谓一致：主谓一致的 15 种常考情况：1. 表示时间，重量，数目，价格，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或短语看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。two months is quite a long time. twenty dollars is enough.2. 动词不定式，动名词，从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。to see is to believe.it is not easy to master a foreign language.3. 由 and 连接两个成分作主语时，

4、要根据其表示的意义来决定谓语动词的形式。如果其表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数，如果其表示的是两个不同的对象时， 谓语动词用复数。the writer and the teacher are coming. the poet and teacher is one of my friends.4. 集合名词 people，police 一般看作复数意义，其谓语动词用复数。另外一些集合名词 family，enemy，class，army 等作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当他们表示的是整体意义时，谓语用单数；当他们强调个体成员时，谓语动词

5、用复数形式。in england, people eat fish and chips.the chinese people（民族）is a great people.5. 名词性物主代词 mine，yours，his，hers， its，ours，theirs 等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该代词所表示的意义是单数还是复数。his parents are young, but mine are old.6. 以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如 news，physics，politics，maths 等。no news is good news.physics

6、is the most difficult subject for him.7. 由 or，eitheror，neithernor，notonlybutalso等词连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数和最接近的主语一致。neither you nor li hua has been to shanghai before.8. 以 there，here 开头的句子，若主语不止一个，其谓语动词的形式和邻近的那个主语一致。there is a table and four chairs in the room. here are some books and paper for you.9. tro

7、users，clothes，glasses，compasses，chopsticks 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果前面有 a pair of 短语时，谓语动词用单数。jims trousers are brown.the pair of glasses is mr.greens.10. 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数而定。a lot of people have been to london. three-fifths of the water is dirty.11. “a number of

8、+ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。a great number of birds fly to the south in winter.the number of lions does not change much if peopleleave things as they are.12. 代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，no body，each，neither，either，little，much，one 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。neither of

9、us is a boy。each of them has an english dictionary。one of the students was late for school。13. all，some none，most，any 等代词作主语时，若其指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若其指单数形式，则谓语动词用单数形式。not all work is difficult。not all the students are here。14. 有些形容词前面加上定冠词 the，如 thepoor，the old，the yong，the rich，the dying 等用来表示一类人时， 主语为

10、复数意义，谓语动词用复数。the old are good taken care of。15. many a 意为“许多”，但因后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。many a student has passed the exam。练习：1. the newsfor my brother。a. areb. werec. bed. is2.a boy with two dogswhen the earthquake rocked the city。a. were sleepingb. is asleepc. was sleepingd. are asleep 3everyone exce

11、pt tom and johnthere when themeeting began。a. areb. isc. wasd. were 4neither he nor ifrom canada 。 we are fromaustralia 。a. isb. arec. amd. be 5jim works hard on his chinese and。a. so lucy doesb. so is lucyc. so does lucyd. so lucy is6. jenny and her parentsgoing to visit the palace museum tomorrow。

12、.a. isb. amc. ared. be 7henry，with his friends，volleyball everyafternoon。a. playb. playsc. has playedd. have played8. fish and chipsthe most takeaway food inengland。a. areb. isc. wered. was 9my familyearly in the morning。a. getb. getsc. has gotd. have got10. mathsmy favorite subject。a. beb. isc. amd

13、. are11. how time flies! three yearsreally a short time.a. isb. arec. wasd. were12. liu xiang and yao ming are world-famous sports stars. of them are the pride of china.a. bothb. neitherc. alld. none13. are the twins on the football team?-no, neither of themon the team.a. isb. arec. wered. be14. not

14、 only his parents but also his grandfatherto二、代词 ( 有两种：人称代词和物主代词。)1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：this is my bag. = this is mine. that is her ruler. = that is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，

15、4） is my is jack. look! those stamps are. ( he )5） dresses are red. ( we ) what color are? (you )6） showyour kite, ok? ( they )7）i have a beautiful is mimi. these cakesare. ( it )8） are thesetickets? no,are not .arent here. ( they )9） shallhave a look at that classroom? that is

16、a lot of places of interest in our country since hey came就用名词性物主代词。classroom.( we )here.a. has goneb. has beenc. have goned. have been15. there are enoughin the fridge. we dont need to buy any.a. milkb. tomatoesc. tomatosd. apple16.a a report says hundreds and thousands of treesin the amazon rainfor

17、est last year.a. was cut downb. have been cut downc. were cut downd. had been cut downunits3-4 复习要点请牢记下表：10） is my aunt. do you knowjob?a nurse. ( she )11） where are? i cant find. lets call parents. ( they )12） dont touch.not a cat,a tiger! ( it )13） sister is ill. please go and get. (she )14） the g

18、irl behindis our friend. ( she )三、其他代词（有反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词， 相互代词和关系代词）1、反身代词：表示某人自己的代词1、介绍家庭成员this/that is my sister/brother/mother these/those are my parents/grandparentsis this/that your sister/brother? yes, it is./no, it isnt.练一练：人称数单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself hersel

19、f itselfthemselves1、按要求写出相应人称代词。are these/those your parents/grandparents?i（宾格）she（形容词性物主代词）we（名yes, they are./no, they arent.词性物主代词）he（复数）us（单数）there are 3/4/5 people in my family. they are my father, my mother,and i.2、关于方位介词或短语表方位的介词或短语有：in,on ,under,behind,near,next to,in front of,across from,my

20、book is on my desk, my pen is in my bookwhere is the backpack/pencil?its in/on/under. where are the books/pens/balls?they aretheirs（主格） 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。3、用所给词的适当形式填空。its（宾格） 反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、表语等，在使用时应注意它和它所指代的名词和代词在人称、性、数上的一致性。little jimmy can dress himself now。小吉米现在能自己穿衣服了。（作宾语）the boy in the picture

21、is myself，not anyone else。照片上的男孩不是别人，正是我自己。（作表语）i myself made the mistake about your address。in/on/under.1） that is notkite. that kite is very small, but我自己把你的地址搞错了。（作同位语）3、把带去给某人 take toe.g:please take these thingsis very big. ( i )四、指示代词to your sister.把带来给某人 bringtoe.g:can you bring my homework to

22、 school?2） the dress is. give it to. ( she )3） is thiswatch? ( you ) no, its not. ( i )指示代词是用来指示或标示人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”“那个（些）”，他们主要有：1. this, these 往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that,those 可指时间或空间较远的人和物。this gift is for you and that one is for your brother.这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的.(this 近指,that 远指)i like these games but idont

23、 like those.我喜欢这些游戏,但不喜欢那些.(these 近指,those 远指)2. that,those 常常用来代替前面已提到过的名词,以避免重复。those 代指复数形式，that 代指单数形式。the computer works faster than those we bought last year。这些计算机比我们去年买的工作速度快。the life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city。乡村生活比城市的生活要安静。对于上文中所提到的事物，英语中常用 that 或 those 表示， 而汉语却常用

24、“这”表示。如：i had a bad cold 。 thats why i didnt attend the lecture。我感冒了，这就是我为什么没去听讲座的原因。those are the dvds you want。这就是你要的 dvd 碟片。units 5-6重点句型：do you have a basketball? yes, i do./no, i dont.lets watch tv.no, that sounds boring. that sounds great.do you like hamburgers?yes, i do./no, i dont.单数复数近指this

25、 这 个these 这 些远指that 那 个those 那 些i like french fries.i dont like tomatoes.重点语法:名词一.名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指个人，地方,机构等专有名称. 如：china, shanghai, li lei。普通名词又分为个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体.如 fighter,gun, country,集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体.如family, team, police, class物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如 cotton, tea, air,抽象名词: 动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如

26、: health, happiness.个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词.物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词.二.名词的数。可数名词都有单数和复数之分。: 规则的可数名词变复数的规则如下：1. 一般情况加 s : books, mouths, houses, girls2. 以 s，sh，ch, x 结尾的 es: classes, boxes, matches3.辅音字母+y 结尾的变 y 为 i,再加 es:cities,countries, parties,factories4. 以 o 结尾的词多数+esheroesnegroespotatoestomatoes zeroes / ze

27、ros以o结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+sradios, zoos,bamboos , (pianos ,kilos photos 是特殊)5. 以 f,fe结尾的改 f,或 fe 为 v,再+es,例如:leaves,lives, wivesknives, halves, wolvesthe thiefs wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.但是,也有一些+s,如 roofs, proofs, gulfs, beliefs,handkerchiefs / handkerchieves:

28、 不规则的可数名词变复数的规则：1. manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, foot feet,childchildren, mousemice,2. 单复数相同:sheep, fish,deer, means,chinese, japanese,fish 如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是 fishes;there are many kinds of fishes in that lake.3. 以 man,woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servantmen servants( 男 仆).(boy/girl students)woman doct

29、orwomen doctors. 4.复合名词的复数形式:son-in-law-sons-in-law(主体名词变化)film-goer-film-goers, grown-up -grown-ups (如果没有主体名词,在词尾加复数)5. 字母,阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加“s ”或“s”. there are two ls in the word “ all ”.it happened in the 1960s /1960s.i will not accept your ifs and buts.6. 物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表示不同种类，wheats, fruits, vege

30、tables, 有 时 表 示 更 广 的 词 义 ，woodwoods,waterwaters,sandsands7. 定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。 the turners, the smiths,the wangs.8. 集体名词 people, police, cattle 总是作复数，( people 作民族，种族时有单复数两种形式) many cattle are kept.several police were on duty.the chinese are a brave and hard-working people. the english are a funny peop

31、le.9. 集体名词 class, public, family, population, team,crew, committee 等单复数都有，但意义不同。the class is bigthe class are taking notes inenglish.the population in china is larger80% of thepopulationin china are peasants.10. hair， fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。his hair is grey.a rich harvest of fruit如果表示若干根头发，表示种类的水果时，可以加复数词

32、尾。he had a few white hairs.what fruits are on sale in this season ?11. 以 s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics,等。（news）12. glasses，trousers，scissors，shoes， spectacles，等常用复数；但如果这些词前用a pairof/ this pair of/that pair of等修饰时谓语动词有 pair来决定。where are my glasses ？my new pair of trousers is too long.

33、 here are some new pairs of shoes.13. 不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake /paper / meat / coala bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可数名词，同样不可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。三. 名词的所有格。.有生命的名词所有格的构成：a. 一 般 在 词 尾 s

34、. the teachers office, xiao lis sisters husbands mother.b. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只加workersresthomes.the masses requestc. 不以s 结尾的复数名词加s.childrenstoyswomens dayd:复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加s.my sister-in-law sbrother.e:表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加s.this is tom, james and dicks room.f:表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加s. jennys, jeans and m

35、arys rooms face to the south.g:名词短语只在最后一个词后加s.a quarter of an hours talk. 名词所有格的用法：1. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系。lei fengs dairy.the working peoples palace of culture.2. 也可用于表示时间的名词。todays paper.an hours drive.fridays work.3. 也可用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词。the countrys plan.the farms fruit.chinas population.4. 也可用

36、于表示由人组成的集体名词。our partys stand（党的立场）所修饰的名词前有数量词时，a play of comrade lis.some friends of my brothers .所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时，that performance of the teachers .双重所有格：当 of 前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定 代 词 或 数 词 如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another 等 修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所

37、有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。a poem of lu xuns .a friend of his/hers . which novel of dickens are you reading ? some friends of my brothers .5. 几种特殊情况：the key to the door.keys to the exercises. notes to the textanswers to the question tickets for the film/moviea check for $1500.anyone elses book. the monument

38、 to the peoples heroes. the entrance to the station/cinema在现代英语中 of 属格大都可用s 所有格代替。相关练习：1-i feel tired. i have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself,-you should takei think.ahealthbtimeclessonderecise 2-ask the naughty boys not to manke any.i cant fall asleep.a noiseb soundc voiced si

39、nging3.duringchristamspeoplegettogetherandsing christams songs for a thanksb wishesc interestdfuna mothers dayb.fathers dayc. tree planthing dayd .thanksgiving day8.where is tom ? hes left asaying that he has something important to do .a excuseb sentencec messaged news9 if you want to know the meani

40、ng of a word ,you can look it up in a.a diaryb diagramc newspaperd dictionary10. the waiter or the waitress usually gives us a before we order dishes in a restaurant.a menub billc listd form11. someare flying kites near the river a childb boyc boysd childs12.-what would you like to drink,girls?a two

41、 cup of coffee b two cups of coffee c two cups of coffee d two cup of coffees13. my school is about twentywalk from here a minuteb minutesc minutesd minutes14. itsbedroom . its clean and tidy. a .lily ang lucyb .lily ang lucysc .lilys ang luckd. lily ang lucks15. they are thosebags. please put them

42、on the busa visitorb visitorsc visitors d visitors16. a lot of stone tables and chairs areof the river and the number of them is growing a on both side ,greater b on each sides ,more c on both sides, larger d on each side , more17. i am thirsty. would you bring me, please?a some breadb some waterc s

43、ome cakesd some eggs18. these germans want to have somefor supper, so they decide to catchnow.5. 也可用于表示度量、价值的名词。4. we haveat seven in the morning.a. fish ,manyb. fishes ,much c fish , much d fishestwo dollars worth of books.a pounds weight.abreakfastblunchc supperd dinner,many(现代英语中，这种用法越来越多。)5 plea

44、se give me awhen you arrive.19. the guide has some new.she can show them.凡不能用s 属格的情况可用 of 属格表示所属关系。the city of new york.a map of china.特别是下列情况要用 of 属格：当名词有较长的定语时，the name of the girl standing at the gate.have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday.-ok. ill tell everything a

45、s soon as i get there. a handb presentc ringd ride6. wewatch evening news on channel i ofat 7:00 in the evering .a.mtvb caacc.cctvd. wto7-can you tell me whenis ?-yes. its on the third sunday in june.to usariceb foodc jacketd pictures20 im afraid that there is nofor you in my car,because there are a

46、lready five people a landb froundc roomd floorunits78重点句型1 how much is the red sweater?its eight dollars.2 how much are these white pants?theyre ten dollars.3 can i help you ?what color do you want ?here you are .ill take it/them.4 when is your birthday?my birthday is january fifteen. 5 how old are

47、you?im thirteen.6 when is the school trip?its april 19th.重点语法基数词的构成及用法构成：11-12 的表述 1-12 各有各的形式，即one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，te n，eleven，twelve。213-19 的表述 13-19 的数字皆以-teenti：n结尾，其中，fourteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen 和 nineteen 分别由 four，six，seven，eight，nine 加后缀-teen 变成的， eighteen 中只保

48、留一个 t。thirteen，fifteen 分别由 three 和five 转花而来。320-90 数字的表达 20-90 的数字皆以-ty 结尾，其中， sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety 分 别 由 six,seven,eight 和nine 加后缀ty 构成，eighty 中只保留一个 t。其他同上。420-99 之间的数字的表达 20-99 之间的数词须在十位和个位之间加连字符“-”，如 twenty-five。5. 百位以上的数字的表达以及读在表达百位以上的数字时，必须在百位，十位和个位之间加 and，在读音时也应读上 and，1 第一，第二，第三分别为 fir

49、st,second,third.2 第四到第十九都有相应的基数词加 th 构成，有几个特殊，即fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth.3 第几十把y 改为 i 加 eth. twentieth,ninetieth4 序数词之前要加定冠词或代词。但序数词表名词时，可不用冠词。who won first?序数词表“再一”，“又一”时不用定冠词，只需在前面加a he failed once .then he tried a second time.5 序数词的缩写形式是在数字后面直接加上序数词最后两个字母构成。1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,22nd,34th6 100 以上

50、的序数词的表示方法 第 100 为 100th ( 读作 one hundredth),101st 读 作 one hundred and first, 其 他 的依次类推分数的表示法1 分数的表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大与一时，分母用复数形式。2|3twothirds3|5threefifths2 整数与分数之间用 and 连接。 one /an hour and a half3 分数的用法结构为“分数+of+the+名词”表示“。的几分之几”，当其作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于短语中名词的复数one third of the shop assisstant in this

51、 departmentstore men年月日的表达法公元 1900 年：读作 nineteen hundred.公元 1908 年：nineteeen and eight 或 nineteenhundreda saturday.b junec june 1st2,canyouseeanypotatoesinpicture?a thesecondb secondc, two3,i hear we will have aholiday in.a, twodays, two days timeb, two-day, twodays timec, two days, two-daytime4,the

52、man on the left is beckham, a famous football player.a, twob, secondc, three5,he believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live onthefloor.a lowestb, tenc, tenth6,-whichclasswonthematchintheend?-imnotquitesure. maybedid.a, class thirdb, class threec, third classd, class three7- how often a

53、re the olympic games held?-four years.a, everyb, eachc, ind, for8- could you please tell me what time it is now? -certainly, its .a, ten and twenty b, twenty past ten c ten twenty d,both b and c9 although i failed four times, my father encouraged me to如：104 可表达为 one hundredandfour，486 读作 fourand eig

54、ht 或 one nine oh eighthaveatry.hundred and eighty-six。6. “万”的表达.英语中没有万和亿单词，只有百（hundred），千2004 年 11 月 25日：november25（th）, 2004（thnovemb 读 作 november（the）twenty-fiftha secondb, thirdc, fourthd（thousand），百万（million），十亿（billion）。英语中表示 “万”时，用 10 千。如：forty thousand 四万。表示“亿”时需用百万来表示。如：two hundred million 两亿。7.1，000 以上的数字，从后向前数。每三位数加“，”。第一个 “，”前为 thousand,第二个“，”前为 million,第三个“，”前为 billion.3,333,333,333 读为 threebillion,threehundredand thirty-threemillio