高中写作指导-《概要写作》方式及技巧

1、高中英语写作指导-概要写作该题型提供一篇 350 词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇 60 词左右 的内容概要。原文以说明文、议论文为主 ,概要,基本就是段落大意。每段用一句 话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：(1) 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况(2) 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性(3) 上下文的连贯性(4) 对各要点表达的独立性情况(一)高分要诀1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句 , 准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落 大意。2. 各要点的表达既要相对独立 , 又要有适当的衔接 ,要用适当的关联词语贯通全

2、文, 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子 ,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免 显得生硬。3. 所用句型力求简单 ,安排好篇幅的比例, 概要应同原文保持协调 ,即用较多的文字 写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。4. 不排斥用原文的某些词句 , 但不要照搬原文的句子 ,如果不能完全用自己的话语 表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。原词difficultmanybad同义替换词demanding,challengingnumerous,quantities of a(large)number of/(large)numbers of+ 可数名词复数 plent

3、y of+ 可数 名词复数/不可数名词 a good/great many+可数名词 复数 a large/huge amount of/large amounts of+ 不可数 名词 many a+可数名词单数 negative原词goodbigsadabundantdifferentdoubtedinterestingbraverichpoor同义替换词excellent,outstanding,extraordinary,remarkablemassive,enormous,tremendous,giant,vast,large,huge depressed(无望的, 失落的);fru

4、strated( 沮丧的) ample,plentiful,generousvarious,a variety of,diverseskeptical,suspicious(怀疑的 )amusing,entertainingcourageous,bold,fearlesswealthyneedy此外,在写作时,要尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。例如,尽量少用关系代词 which,who 等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing 形式和过去分词做定语。5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。注意要点之间的衔接。概要写作中的衔接过渡词汇:in addition,and,similarly,likewise

5、,as well附加顺序结果对比 /转折过渡肯定条件定义as,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,and then,too,notonly.but(also).,even,besides this/thatfirst(ly),initially,second(ly),to beginwith,then,next,earlier/later,before this/that,afterthis/that,following this/that,afterwardsas a result,result in,thus,so,therefore,consequentl

6、y,it follows that,thereby,eventually,then,in thatcase,admittedly,accordinglyhowever,on the other hand,despite,in spite of,though,although,but,on thecontrary,otherwise,yet,instead of,rather,rather than,whereasobviously,certainly,plainly,ofcourse,undoubtedly,apparentlyif/given,unless,as long as,whethe

7、r,providing that,providedthat,for,so that,depending onis,refer(s) to,means,that is,consist of列举过渡目的过渡让步过渡承接过渡first of allfirstsecondthirdin the first placeinitiallyto start withfurthermorein additionmoreoverwhats morewith the aimoffor the sakeofwith a viewtofor thepurpose ofalthoughit is true.thatev

8、en thoughof coursecertainlyadmittedlyindeedtrueas soon asas a matter offactso to speakhoweveras it wereday after dayyear in and yearoutfinally举例理由时间总结sinceas an by virtue of illustration sofor instance givenone example as a result of for example because (of)just as due toin particular in view of suc

9、h as on account of namely owing to to illustrate the reason why a case in point in other words take.for lead tofor this reasonbeforesinceasuntilmeanwhileat the momentwhenwheneveras soon asjust asaccording toall in allto summarizein summaryin conclusionas aconsequencelastlyby and largefinallyconseque

10、ntlyto sum uphence举例exampleas anotherexampleas anotherinstanceas still anotherexample理由causenow thatsinceon the groundthatseeing.that时间总结thusto concludein conclusionto recapitulatein generalin shortit follows thatin briefon the whole总括过渡词 as a ruleas far as i am concernedas for meeconomicallyspeakin

11、ggenerallyspeakingin my opinionin my viewin some表示时间at timesafterafterwardsfrom then onimmediatelylatermeanwhilenextnowuntilwhilethen表示强调above allafter allin factparticularlythat isanywaychieflyeven worsemore oftenthan that比较similarlyssssssssstttttttttaccordinglyboth.asat the same timein the sameman

12、nerin a similar wayin common总括过渡词 表示时间 respectsobviouslyon a large scaleon a personallevelpracticallyspeakingsimplisticallyspeakingto take the ideafurther(二)高分三注意表示强调mostimportant ofallneedless tosayno doubtto be sure比较in commonequallyimportantfor onething.foranotherlikewise(三)成篇三步骤1.阅读(1)认真阅读给定的原文材

13、料 ,如果一遍不能理解 ,就多读两遍;阅读次数越多 ,你对 原文的理解就越深刻。(2) 画出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子 ; 决定原文中哪些部分重 要,哪些部分次重要;对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。(3) 简要地记下主要观点 主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的 东西。2.写作(1) 尽量用自己的话完成,不要直接引用原文的句子。(2) 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序,这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。(3) 写概要写作时可以采用下列几种小技巧:删除细节,只保留主要观点。选择一至两个例子 :原文中可能包括五个或更多的例 子,你只需从中筛选一至两个例子。把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子

14、 :如果材 料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子 , 那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。避免重 复 : 在原文中 , 为了强调某个主题 , 可能会重复论证说明 ,但是这在概要写作中是不 能使用的;应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。压缩长句。附 1:概要写作常用句式:firstat the beginningin the first partin the introductionthe authorthe reporterthe readerargueswrites,statespoints outexplains,mentionsis informedthatwhatwhyin the next part

15、in the main partthe reader isinformed the theoryaboutfirst;secondthe authorgoes on withthe data/questionthatthen;afterwardsmoreoverwe are told about the statistics what we read/hear about the belief whyin addition to thatin the endthe authorexaminesthe authorthe argument ifemphasizesfinallyat lastthe writerthe poetconcludesfinds thesolutionthatwhatthe finalpart/sectionthe journalistadds/stresses whyas a conclusion the reporterpretendsifsumming up his/herthoughtsthe scientisthints附 2:(1)表示文章的内容以及研究目的