2013年小升初语法复习(八)：肯定句、否定句

1、2013 年小升初语法复习（八）：肯定句、否定句一、 be 动词： am, is, are二、 肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句定义1肯定句：表示肯定的意思, 即不含有否定词“不”。比如：我是一个学生 i am a student.他去上学he goes to school.2否定句：表示否定的意思。比如：我不是一个男孩。 i am not a boy他不去上学he does not go to school.3. 一般疑问句：回答为“是 yes”或者“否 no”的问句。 比如：你是一个学生吗？ are you a student?你喜欢英语吗？do you like english?4

2、. 特殊疑问句：回答不是“是 yes”或者“否 no”的问句，根据提问内容具体回答。比如：现在几点了？ whats the time?哪一支笔是你的？ which is your pen?三、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换有 am, is, are 的句子，肯定句变否定句：在 am, is, are 后面加上 not,其余按顺序照抄。肯定句变一般疑问句：把 am, is, are 提前放到句首并大写 am, is, are,其余照抄。 肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分 3 步骤第一步：先变一般疑问句第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，

3、并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 注意：1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变， 为特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句。如：li ming s not here today. whos not here today? 今天谁没来？2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。when 什么时间（问时间）who 谁（问人）whose 谁的 问主人what date 什么日期 问具 体日期what place 什么地点问具体 地址how 怎么样 问情况 1where 在哪里 问地点 which 哪一个 问选择 why 为什么 问原因what 什么 问东西what time 什么

4、时间 问 时间what colour 什 么 颜 色 问颜色what about 怎么样 问见how old 多大 问年龄 how many 多少 问数量 how much 多少 问价钱 how about 怎么样 问意how far 多远 问路程how long 多长 问时间how soon 多快，多久 问意见what day 星期几 问星期时间how often 多久 问频率例如：肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换肯定句：this is a book.否定句：this is not a book.一般疑问句：is this a book?肯定回答：yes, it is.否定回答：no, it

5、 isnt.就划线部分提问 (变特殊疑问句 )this is a book.第一步：变一般疑问句 is this a book?第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词 is this what ?第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。what is this?没有 am, is, are 的句子，肯定句变否定句：在主语后面加上 do not 或者 does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形 肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加 do 或者 does 并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分 3 步骤第一步：先变一般疑问句第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代

6、替划线部分第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 注意：1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变，为 2特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句。2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。 非单三时用 do, 单三时用 does非单三 肯定句：i like english.一般疑问句：do you like english? 否定句：i do not like english.单三肯定句：he likes english. 一般疑问句：does he like english? 否定句：he does not like english.就划线部分提问：

7、i like english.第一步：先变一般疑问句 do you like english?第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分 do you like what?第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 what do you like?特殊 ：1.some 变为 any。如：there are some birds in the tree.there arent any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some 可以不变。如： would you like some orange juice?与此相关的一些不定代词如

8、 something, somebody 等也要进行相应变化。 2.and 变为 or。如：i have a knife and a ruler.i dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of (=lots of)变为 many 或 much。如：they have a lot of friends.（可数名词）they dont have many friends. there is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）there isnt much orange in the bottle.4.already 变为 y

9、et。如：i have been there already.i havent been there yet.3自我检测与提高一、写出下列动词否定形式的缩写形式。1. is _ 2. are_ 3.does _4. do _ 5. was_ 6. were _7.will _ 8.must _ 9. dare_10.can_ 11.should_ 12. did _二、选择题。（ ）1. wheres the sofa? its _.a. on the desk b. in the fridge c. near the bookcase（ ）2. there _ an egg and some

10、 noodles on the plate.a. is b. are c. am（ ）3. is that your water bottle?_.a. yes, it is. b. no, it is. c. yes, you are.（ ）4. what time do you have lunch?a. at eleven thirty-five. b. eleven thirty-five. c. i have lunch at twelve. （ ）5. whose coat is it?a. its my father. b. theyre my father. c. its my

11、 fathers.三、按要求改写句子。1. they are nurses. (改为单数句)_2. mike does his homework t the weekend. (改为否定句)_3. you can draw on the wall. （改为否定祈使句）_4. they dont like watching tv.（改为肯定句）_5. its big and bright. (改为意思相反的句子)_四、将下列单词连成陈述句。1. her, these, pictures, are_2. is, my, this, jim, friend_3 in, is, pen, a, eng

12、lish, this, not 4_五、将下列肯定句改为否定句。1. the bird is in the tree._2. these boys are chinese._3. i can have two eggs._六、改写下列的句子，但要保持原意不变。1. glad to meet you. _ to _you.2. this is my ruler. the _ is _.3. give me that clock. give the clock _ _.4. i am nancy. _ _ is nancy.5. yang ling is in row 2. i am in row

13、 2, too.yang ling and i are in _ _ _.6. this is my pen. give it to miss gao.give my pen _ miss gao.七、阅读短文，并判断下列选项的正误。正确的在括号内填 t，错误的填 f。my 兄弟， ray, is a student of grade five. we go to the same school. he is eleven years old. he works hard at school. my father always says to me, “jill, you should lea

14、rn from your brother.”last weekend, i wanted to fly a kite. but i didn t know how to fly it. so i asked my brother to teach me. he was glad to help me fly the kite. then we went to the park. there i learnt very fast. i ran and ran with my kite. at last we sat on the grass. my brother taught me engli

15、sh song. i was so happy that day!（ ）1. ray is my sister.（ ）2. ray is a student of grade six.（ ）3. ray is twelve years old.（ ）4. ray is a good student at school.（ ）5. i know how to fly the kite.（ ）6. my brother doesnt want to teach me.（ ）7. we went to the park to fly the kite.（ ）8. ray taught me to l

16、earn english song.（ ）9. i was very happy that day. 5参考答案一、1. isnt 2. arent 3. doesnt 4. dont 5. wasnt 6. werent 7. wont 8.mustnt 9. darent 10. cant 11. shouldnt 12. didnt 二、 1. c 2. a 3.a 4. c 5.c三、1. she is a nurse.2. mike doesnt do his homework at the weekend.3. dont draw on the wall.4. they like watching tv.5. its small and dark.四、1. these are her pictures.2