2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析

1、2017 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）section i use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word (s) for eachnumbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points)could a hug a day keep the doctor away? the answer may be aresounding “yes!” 1 helping you

2、feel close and 2 to peopleyou care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of healthbenefits to your body and mind. believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.in a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchersfrom carnegie mellon university in pennsylva

3、nia examined theeffects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6the participants susceptibility to developing the common coldafter being 7 to the virus .people who perceived greater socialsupport were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and theresearchers 9 that the stress-reducing effec

4、ts of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 amongthose who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,” notes sheldonc

5、ohen, a professor of psychology at carnegie. hugging “is amarker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-relatedbenefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “thebonding hormone” 18 it promotes atta

6、chment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies.oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain ,and some of it is released into the bloodstream. but some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1a unlike b besides c despite d

7、 throughout2 a connected b restricted c equal d inferior3 a choice b view c lesson d host4 a recall b forget c avoid d keep5 a collecting b involving c guiding d affecting6 a of b in c at d on7 a devoted b exposed c lost d attracted8 a across b along c down d out9 a calculated b denied c doubted d i

8、magined10 a served b required c restored d explained11 a even b still c rather d thus12 a defeats b symptoms c tests d errors13 a minimized b highlighted c controlled d increased14 a equipped b associated c presented d compared 15a assess b moderate c generate d record16 a in the face of b in the fo

9、rm of c in the way of d in the name of17 a transfer b commit c attribute d return18 a because b unless c though d until19 a emerges b vanishes c remains d decreases20 a experiences b combines c justifies dinfluences section ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answ

10、er the questions beloweach text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points)text 1first two hours , now three hours this is how far in advanceauthorities are recommending people show up to catch a domesticflight , at least at some major u.s. airports with increasingly

11、 massive security lines.americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming securityprocedures in return for increased safety. the crash of egypt airflight 804,which terrorists may have downed over themediterranean sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. butdemanding too much of air travelers or

12、providing too littlesecurity in return undermines public support for the process. andit should: wasted time is a drag on americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.last year, the transportation security administration (tsa)found in a secret check that undercover investigators w

13、ere able tosneak weapons-both fake and real past airport security nearlyevery time they tried .enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improvingchicagos ohare international .it is not yet clear how much moreeffective airline security has become but the

14、 lines are obvious.part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate thesteep increase in airline travel , so the tsa is now rushing to getnew screeners on the line. part of the issue is that airports haveonly so much room for screening lanes. another factor may be thatmore people are tryi

15、ng to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.there is one step the tsa could take that would not requireremodeling airports or rushing to hire: enroll more people in theprecheck program. precheck is supposed to be a win-win fortravelers a

16、nd the tsa. passengers who pass a background checkare eligible to use expedited screening lanes. this allows the tsa wants to enroll 25 million people in precheck.it has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason issticker shock. passengers must pay $85 every five years toprocess their ba

17、ckground checks. since the beginning, this pricetag has been prechecks fatal flaw. upcoming reforms might bringthe price to a more reasonable level. but congress should lookinto doing so directly, by helping to finance precheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.the tsa cannot continue diverti

18、ng resources into underusedprecheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers inunnecessary lines. it is long past time to make the program work. 21. according to paragraph 1, parkrun has_.a gained great popularityb created many jobscstrengthened community tiesd become an official festival22.

19、 the author believes that londons olympic “legacy” has failed to _.a boost population growthb promote sport participationcimprove the citys imaged increase sport hours in schools23. parkrun is different form olympic games in that it _. a aims at discovering talentsb focuses on mass competitionc does

20、 not emphasize elitismd does not attract first-timers24. with regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should_.a organize “grassroots” sports eventsb supervise local sports associationsc increase funds for sports clubsd invest in pubic sports facilities25. the authors attitude to wha

21、t uk governments have to done for sports is _.atolerantb criticalcuncertaindsympathetictext 2“the ancient hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote queenliliuokalani, hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. starwatchers were among the most esteemed members of hawaiiansociety. sadly, all is not well with as

22、tronomy in hawaii today.protests have erupted over construction of the thirty metertelescope(tmt), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.at issue is the tmts planned location on mauna kea, adormant volcano worshiped by some hawaiians as the piko , thatconnec

23、ts the hawaiian islands to the heavens. but mauna kea isalso home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.rested in the pacific ocean, mauna keas peak rises above thebulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.opposition to t

24、elescopes on mauna kea is nothing new. a smallbut vocal group of hawaiians and environments have long viewedtheir presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painfulreminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.some blame for the current controversy belongs toastronomers. in their

25、eagerness to build bigger telescopes, theyforgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.they did not always prioritize the protection of mauna keasfragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture underg

26、oing a renaissance today.yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back tothe dawn of civilization. the same curiosity to find what liesbeyond the horizon that first brought early polynesians tohawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore theheavens. calls to disassemble all

27、telescopes on mauna kea or toban future development there ignore the reality that astronomyand hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions aboutwho we are, where we come from and where we are going.perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering aprimal calling to know oursel

28、ves and our true ancestral homes.the astronomy community is making compromises to changeits use of mauna kea. the tmt site was chosen to minimize thetelescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeologicaland environmental impact. to limit the number of telescopes onmauna kea, old ones wi

29、ll be removed at the end of their lifetimesand their sites returned to a natural state. there is no reason whyeveryone cannot be welcomed on mauna kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. queen liliuokalanis remark in paragraph 1 indicatesa its conservative view on the histo

30、rical role of astronomy.b the importance of astronomy in ancient hawaiian society.c the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. d her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. mauna kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to a its geographical featuresb its protective su

31、rroundings.c its religious implications.d its existing infrastructure.28. the construction of the tmt is opposed by some locals partly becausea it may risk ruining their intellectual life.b it reminds them of a humiliating history.c their culture will lose a chance of revival.d they fear losing cont

32、rol of mauna kea.29. it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomya is fulfilling the dreams of ancient hawaiians.b helps spread hawaiian culture across the world.c may uncover the origin of hawaiian culture.d will eventually soften hawaiians hostility.30. the authors attitud

33、e toward choosing mauna kea as the tmt site is one ofa severe criticism.b passive acceptance.c slight hesitancy.d full approval.text 3robert f. kennedy once said that a countrys gdp measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” withbritain voting to leave the european union, and gdp

34、alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.the question of gdp and its usefulness has annoyedpolicymakers for over half a century. many argue that it is a flawedconcept. it measures things that do not matter and misses thingsthat do. by most re

35、cent measures, the uks gdp has been the envyof the western world, with record low unemployment and highgrowth figures. if everything was going so well, then why did over17 million people vote for brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?a recent annual

36、 study of countries and their ability to convertgrowth into well-being sheds some light on that question. acrossthe 163 countries measured, the uk is one of the poorestperformers in ensuring that economic growth is translated intomeaningful improvements for its citizens. rather than justfocusing on

37、gdp, over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured toget a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.while all of these countries face their own challenges , thereare a number of consistent themes . yes , there has been abuddin

38、g economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but inkey indicators in areas such as health and education , majoreconomies have continued to decline . yet this isnt the case withall countries . some relatively poor european countries have seenhuge improvements across measures including civil soci

39、ety , income equality and the environment.this is a lesson that rich countries can learn : when gdp is nolonger regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, t he world looks very different .so, what kennedy was referring to was that while gdp hasbeen the most common method for measuring the e

40、conomicactivity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . it doesnot include important factors such as environmental quality oreducation outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.the sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in theuk could lead to a dec

41、line in the everyday services we depend onfor our well-being and for growth . but policymakers who refocusefforts on improving well-being rather than simply worryingabout gdp figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.robert f. kennedy is cited because heapraised the uk fo

42、r its gdp.bidentified gdp with happiness .cmisinterpreted the role of gdp .dhad a low opinion of gdp .32.it can be inferred from paragraph 2 thatathe uk is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .bgdp as the measure of success is widely defied in the uk .cthe uk will contribute less to the world e

43、conomy .dpolicymakers in the uk are paying less attention to gdp .33.which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?ait is sponsored by 163 countries .bit excludes gdp as an indicator.cits criteria are questionable .dits results are enlightening .34.in the last two paragraphs , the au

44、thor suggests thatathe uk is preparing for an economic boom .bhigh gdp foreshadows an economic decline .cit is essential to consider factors beyond gdp .dit requires caution to handle economic issues .35.which of the following is the best title for the text ?ahigh gdp but inadequate well-being , a u

45、k lessonbgdp figures , a window on global economic health crebort f. kennedy , a terminator of gdpdbrexit, the uks gateway to well-beingtext 4in a rare unanimous ruling, the us supreme court hasoverturned the corruption conviction of a former virginiagovernor, robert mcdonnell. but it did so while h

46、olding its nose atthe ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as arolex watch and a ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.the high courts decision said the judge in mr. mcdonnellstrial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or

47、the former governors decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.the court did suggest that accepting favors in return

48、foropening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” but under anti-briberylaws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approvalof a contract or regulation. simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.the courts ruling is legally sound in definin

49、g a kind offavoritism that is not criminal. elected leaders must be allowed tohelp supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear ofprosecution for bribery.” the basic compact underlyingrepresentative government,” wrote chief justice john roberts forthe court,” assumes that public officials

50、 will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”but the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their electedrepresentatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access togovernment. officials must not be allowed to play favorites inproviding information or in arranging meetings

51、simply because anindividual or group provides a campaign donation or a personalgift. this type of integrity requires well-enforced laws ingovernment transparency, such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader s source of wealth.favoritism in offici

52、al access can fan public perceptions ofcorruption. but it is not always corruption. rather officials mustavoid double standards, or different types of access for averagepeople and the wealthy. if connections can be bought, a basicpremise of democratic society that all are equal in treatment bygovern

53、mentis undermined. good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.the courts ruling is a step forward in the struggle againstboth corruption and official favoritism.36. the undermined sentence (para.1) most probably shows that the courta avoided defining the exten

54、t of mcdonnells duties.b made no compromise in convicting mcdonnell.c was contemptuous of mcdonnells conduct.d refused to comment on mcdonnells ethics.37. according to paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involvesa leaking secrets intentionally.b sizable gains in the form of gifts.c concrete returns for gift-givers.d breaking contracts officially.38. the courts ruling is based on the assumption that public officials area justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.b qualified to deal