阅读专题一猜测词义讲解

1、阅读专题（猜词悟义）猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。常用的问题形式：1. The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means _ 2. The word it（them）in the first paragraph refers to _ 3. The underlined sentenc

2、e in the last paragraph means _4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？6. According to the passage, “” probably means _.7. The author uses the word “” to mean _. 8. The underlined word/phrase/se

3、ntence “”means _. 9. The word “” in paragraph refers to _. 10. What does “” in the second paragraph stands for?11. The sentence “” means _.例如: Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 meters and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold perio

4、d is good for the tree. The underlined word “yielded” most probably means_. A. sold B. bought C. improved D. produced Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down from father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very di

5、fficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific di

6、scoveries of what had existed in this area long ago.In this paragraph the phrase “this wide, confused wilderness” refers to _. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants C. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices 解题方法：一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要

7、的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义定义解释形式多样，常由 be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, or , that is to say, in other words, be called 等词汇或破折号来表示。例如：(1) Anthropology is the scientific study of man. (2) In slang the term “

8、jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. (3) A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drinks blood. (4) A person who skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. 2、根据复述猜测词义 (1) Semantics, the

9、 study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.（语义学） (2) His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. (3) The new building, a five-story edifice, was completed last month.（大建筑物）(4). Capacitance, or the ability to store electric change, is

10、 one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. )(5) Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers- those who can understand as well as speak many languages.(6) Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome

11、characterized by severe seasonal mood swings. 3、根据举例猜测词义(1) The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. (2) You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teachin

12、g in Schools, or English Learning. 二、内在逻辑关系1、根据对比关系猜测义表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast和while引导的并列句等。在这些表示转折意义的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义的。如：(1) Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother,

13、in contrast, is quite humble and modest. Supercilious 高傲的(2) A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones. Adept =skilled精于。的；巧妙的(3) Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.Grubby 肮脏的；不洁净的(4)John usually wastes a lot of money

14、 on such useless things; his wife, however, is very thrifty.Thrifty 节约的；节俭的2、根据比较关系猜测词义 同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. （爱讲话的）3、根据因果关系猜测词义(1) Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions

15、 of others. （独裁的；专制的）(2) There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.（用肘挤）(3) She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. （修剪）(4) The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallo

16、w. （浑浊的）4、 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。(1) Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.（危机；损坏）(2) Doctors believe that smoking ciga

17、rettes is detrimental to your health, They also regard drinking as harmful. （有害的；不利的）三、外部相关因素 外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。 例如： (1) Husband: its really cold out tonight. Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.(How about lighting the furnace?)（麻木的；失去知觉的

18、）(2) The snake slithered through the grass.（摇晃不稳地滑动）1、根据前缀猜测词义例如： （1）He fell into a ditch and lay here, semiconscious, for a few minutes.（半意识 的；conscious意识清醒的）(2) Im illiterate about such things.（目不识丁的；literate有文化修养的）2、根据后缀猜测词义(1) Insecticide is applied where it is needed.（杀虫剂）(2) Then the vapor may

19、 change into droplets.（水滴）3、 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义(1) Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.（突出，显现出）(2) Bullfight is very popular in Spain.（斗牛）综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用，综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章的思想内容，提高阅读速度。真题欣赏The 2012 London Olympics had enough prob

20、lems to worry about. But one more has just been added a communications blackout caused by solar storms. After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London. Now sci

21、entists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.The phrase communicat

22、ions blackout in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2012 Olympics. A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch B. the collapse of broadcasting systems C. the transportation breakdown in London D. the destruction of weather satellites You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contri

23、butions towards gifts for employees personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）re

24、membrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.The underlined word “contributions” probably means _.A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understandingOften we got “lost” and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be sk

25、eptical: the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees. There were four or five trees that we visited regularlytall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 3 is

26、 closest in meaning to _. A. calm B. doubtful C. serious D. optimisticTime is something from which we cant escape. Even if we ignore it, its still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Whos in charge?” We can allow ti

27、me to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, youll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the

28、more time youll have to spend on your outside interests.The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 more likely means somebody or something that is _.A. your slave and serves youB. your supporter and helps youC. under your control and obeys youD. under your influence and follows youA Brown University slee

29、p researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Dont start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce (确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically these sleepyhe

30、ad students arent used to the early hour.“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的) sleep at Browns School of Medicine.The underlined phrase “nod off” most probably means “ _”.A. turn around

31、B. agree with others C. fall asleep D. refuse to work情景体验猜测各句中划线生词词义1. Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses. Pots, tools and weapons. A、地理学 B、生态学 C、心理学 D、 考古学2. This strict officers is a martinet, a person who demands total obedience(服从) to rules. Disciplin

32、e and orders. A、专制的人 B、软弱的人 C、强硬的 D、要求严格服从纪律和命令的人3. Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors. A、上级 B、前任 C、同事 D、下级4. The football game was getting more and more exciting; however, the old lady was still as dozy as

33、 she usually was. A、昏昏欲睡的 B、亢奋的 C、欣喜若狂的 D、麻木的5. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A、成功的 B、徒劳的 C、有效的 D、仓促的 6. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A、心不在焉的 B、紧张的 C、全神贯注的 D、睡意浓的7. One of symptoms caused by

34、the peculiar illness is a high fever. A、症状 B、疾病 C、恐惧 D、威胁 8. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. A、流泪 B、乞讨 C、呻吟 D、颤抖9. The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. A、兴奋 B、厌恶 C、清醒 D、疲倦10. To quite a great many people, money is an irresis

35、tible temptation. A、不可抗拒的 B、可抗拒的 C、接受的 D、不可接受的11. This fishing village of 1480 people is a bleak and lonely place, even in a country located at the top of the world. A、偏远的 B、平静的 C、海边的 D、荒凉的12. If and when these new measures are rolled out. They will be welcomed. A、试验 B、推行 C、滚出 D、起草13. Boys think of

36、school as purgatory on the way to a future of finding riches at sea; for girls, its their ticket out of school.（炼狱）A、受罪 B、关键 C、阻碍 D、帮助 14. Educations say they watch many bright girls suddenly recoil in the face of head-to-head competition with boys. A、盘旋 B、退缩 C、胜出 D、反弹 15. The vocabulary of dress th

37、at learn includes not only items of clothing but also hairstyles. Jewelry, and other body decoration. A、形状 B、状况 C、装饰 D、奖章16Jack went to school in spite of the cold weather.a. It being cold, Jack did not go to schoolb. Jack went to school because the weather was cold.c. Although the weather was cold,

38、 Jack still went to schoold. Jack went to school because of the cold weather.17.John: Do you mind my asking you some questions about your family? Paul: Certainly not.a. Paul is willing to answer Johns questionsb. Paul is not willing to answer Johns questionsc. Paul is not interested in answering Joh

39、ns questions.d. Paul refused to answer Johns questions.18.John thought Mary was no more virtuous than intelligent. According to John, Mary was_ a. less virtuous than intelligent.b. intelligent, but not virtuousc. virtuous, but not intelligentd. neither virtuous nor intelligent19.Paul spared nothing

40、to entertain or treat his guests.a. Paul provided little entertainment for his guests.b. Paul”s guests were not well entertained.c. Nothing was prepared by Paul to entertain his guests.d. Everything Paul could get was offered for the pleasure of his guests.20. I am pressed for money at the moment my

41、self. Sorry, I cant posibly lend you any money.a. I dont want to lend you any money.b. I can offer to lend you some, but I dont think I willc. I never believe in borrowing money from others.d. I am short of money myself.短文阅读理解：(A) Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,

42、 such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. What does the underlined word “shoplifter” mean? A. 商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员 C 商店里的老顾客 D 商店里的搬运工（B） He was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month- long “ Youth Summit”. The summit was to mark the

43、 25th anniversary of President Nixons journey to China, which was the turning point in China- U.S. relation. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. The words “Youth Summit ” refer to _.A. visit

44、 to the Nixon Library B. the Chinese students visit to the U.SC. a meeting discussing relations between China and U.S.D. activities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students.(C)You should see words as part of a whole sentence or paragraph, not just in isolation.The underlined

45、phrase probably means _. A. in a word B. separately C. one word D. slowly(D) The largest player - Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices- deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite. The word “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and

46、 “station wagons” used in the text refer to _. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers(E) The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were w

47、ooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives. The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the Kings baker(面包师) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew t

48、he fire from the bakery(面包房) into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning. The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _. A. home B. children C. wife and husband D. wife and childrenRyan is a great inventor. However, I dont think that

49、 his latest invention, edible socks, is likely to be too successful. Not many people want to eat socks. There are some things in life that should remain inedible.1. Which word in the passage means “fit to be eaten”?2. Which word in the passage means “not fit to be eaten”?Marsha is really an introver

50、t. When I took her to Jasons party, she sat in a corner without speaking to anyone. All she did was eat most of the snacks. The only reason she hangs out with me is because I never try to force her to be sociable. She would never forgive me if I introduced her to anyone.3. An introvert is usually _.

51、a. friendly b. hungry c. unclean d. shyThe United States has a new president. Americans are hopeful that George W. Bush will succeed in dealing with some of the major problems that our nation faces. Some feel that the task will be made extremely difficult by the controversial way that the election e

52、nded. Others are very confident that our new leader is a man who will bring people together to get things done. President Bushs top priority will be to improve education in our country. He is determined to see that no child will ever fail. He believes that local school districts should decide how to

53、 meet national standards. The president insists that parents should have greater choices about which schools their kids attend. He will work hard to find areas of agreement between the opposing parties so that important education reforms will become law.4. Which word in the selection is a synonym of

54、 “important”?5. Which word in the selection is an antonym of “succeed”?6. Which word in the selection means to make better?7. Use a word from the selection to complete the following sentence. The Giants and the Ravens will be the _ teams in the Super Bowl.8. Which word in the selection is a synonym

55、of “nation”?9. Which word in the selection means the rank (place in order) of importance?10. Which word in the selection means having a lot of disagreement.Both sides in the election contest are throwing accusations at each other. The Gore supporters claim that Governor Bush is trying to thwart the will of the people. The Bush supporters say that Mr. Gore is trying to create votes or assign choices to people who did not really cast votes for president.11.What does “thwart” mean? a. help b. figure out c. block d. Tickle There is a legal battle raging and the jud