液晶术语大全

1、Backlight: 背光。CCFL(CCFT) (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light/Tube): 冷阴极荧光灯Composite vide 复合视频。Component vide 分量视频。COB(Chip On Board):IC 裸片通过邦定固定于印刷线路板上。COF(Chip On Film): 将 IC 封装于柔性线路板上。COG(Chip On Glass):将IC封装于玻璃上。CRT(Cathode Radial Tube): 阴极射线管。DPI(Dot Per Inch): 点每英寸。Duty: 占空比，高出点亮的阀值电压的部分在一个周期中所占的比率

2、。DVI(Digital Visual In terface):(VGA)数字接口。ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence): 电控双折射。EL(Electro luminescence): 电致发光。 EL 层由高分子量薄片构成FSTN(Formulated STN):薄膜补偿型STN,用于黑白显示。HTN(High Twisted Nematic): 高扭曲向列的显示类型。IC(Integrate Circuit): 集成电路。Inverter: 逆变器。ITO(Indium-Tin Oxide): 氧化铟锡。LCD(Liquid Crystal

3、 Display): 液晶显示器。LCM(Liquid Crystal Module): 液晶模块。LED(Light Emitting Diode): 发光二极管。LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signaling): 低压差分信号。NTSC(National Television Systems Committee):NTSC 制式 ,全国电视 系统委员会制式OSD(On Screen Display): 在屏上显示。PAL(Phase Alternating Line):PAL 制式 (逐行倒相制式 ) 。PCB(Print Circuit Board): 印

4、刷线路板。PDP(Plasma Display Panel): 等离子体显示。SECAM(SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire):SECAM 制式 (顺序与存储 彩色电视系统 )STN(Supper Twisted Nematic): 超扭曲向列的显示类型。 S-videS 端子，与复合视频信号比，将对比和颜色分离传输。TAB(Tape Automated Bonding): 柔性带自动连接 。TCP(Tape Carrier Package): 柔性线路板。TFT(Thin Film Transistor): 薄膜晶体管显示类型。 TMDS(Transition M

5、inimized Differential Signaling) TN(Twisted Nematic): 扭曲向列的显示类型。VFD(Vacuum Fluorescence Display): 真空荧光显示。VGA(Video Graphic Array): 视频图形阵列。VOD(Video On Demand): 视频点播。有效顯示區域(Active Area)LCD Panel的有效顯示區域，即可顯示文字圖形的總面積，參考 下圖，白色區域即此片 Panel的有效顯示區域。開口率(Aperture Ratio)開口率即是每個畫素可透光的有效區域除以畫素的總面積，開口 率越高，整體畫面越亮。

6、畫面比率(Aspect Ratio)Aspect Ratio為畫面寬與高之比率。電腦畫面及一般影像畫面比率 為4:3 HDTV則可提供16:9的寬平面螢幕畫面。B/M (Black Matrix):於Color Filter上，用來遮住R、G、B各Pixel間之空隙，可大 幅減少LCD光點間彼此干擾所產生的光害，呈現更穩定且清晰的影 像品質，提昇了閱讀上的舒適度，同時也減輕了長期使用所造成的眼 部壓力及疲累感。CCFL(冷陰極射線管)Cold Cathode Fluoresce nt Lamp將高壓施加於燈管之兩電極，電子即由電極端射出，電子因受高 電壓加速而與管內之水銀原子撞擊，水銀原子在被

7、撞擊後由不穩定 狀態急速返回穩定狀態時，會將過剩能量以紫外線(253.7 nm)釋放 出來，此釋放出來之紫外線由螢光粉吸收轉換成可視光.C/F(彩色濾光片)(Color Filter):彩色濾光片上有排列整齊之 RGB(三原色)畫素，射入的光可經由 濾光片轉變混合成各種顏色。LTPS 低溫多晶矽LTPS (Low Temperature Poly Silicon)低溫多晶矽，就是在攝氏 600oC或更低的溫度下經過雷射回火 (Laser ann eal)的製程步驟所生 產的多晶矽，具有咼開口率、可內建驅動IC等週邊電路於玻璃基板上、TFT反應速度更快且面積縮小、接點數及零件數減少、系統設 計簡

8、單化，面板可*度提升，以及降低材料成本等優點。Luminance明亮度明亮度指一物件之可見亮度。其取決於可反射光之多寡並由一平 方公尺(cd/m2)內之多少燭光來衡量其亮度。因表面物之反射屬性之 多樣化，類似的照明度因物件表面反射屬性之不同而造成不同的明視 度。例如，同樣的光源照射於一黑一白的房間，黑色房間之明視度相 較於白色房間的明視度是非常低而且昏暗。Moire一種因LCD面板與背光模組刻痕方向不能匹配所造成的光干涉現 象。Mura水波紋：指在顯示影像時，所產生的畫面局部或全面的不均勻現 象。ResponseTime反應時間的是螢幕畫素接收到信號後，由白轉黑(Tr)及由黑轉白(Tf)所需轉

9、 變時間。所需轉變時間是越短越好。較短的反應時間使畫面轉換更為 順暢。一般而言，其都低於 60ms. Resp onse time =Tr+TfResolution of DisplayVGA = Video Graphics Array 640xRGBx480 DotSVGA = Super Video Graphics Array 800xRGx600 DotXGA = Extended Graphics Array 1,024xRGBx768 DotSXGA = Super Extended Graphics Array 1,280xRGBx1,024 DoSXGA+ = Super E

10、xte nded Graphics Array + 1,400xRGBx1,050DotUXGA = Ultra Extended Graphics Array 1,600xRGBx1,200DotSpacer間隔粒子於兩片玻璃基板間，所均勻灑上的球形樹脂粒子，用來撐出一個 間隙，以灌入液晶，其作用類似我們蓋房子時的柱子。Uniformity均勻度畫面的均勻度；將一 Panel分為數等份，分別測量其中心點的亮度， 所測得的最小值除以最大值即是此 Panel均勻度，均勻度越高表示P anel畫面越穩定。View Angle視角面對螢幕，往其上、下、左、右四方觀測，調整此螢幕直到其無 法由此四方看

11、到螢幕畫面之角度。 以監看者之視覺舒適，可調整視角 之廣狹。Back light背光源液晶Panel的背面所設置光源。螢光燈管（熱陰極管或冷陰極管）、 導光板、擴散板所構成。Contrast Ratio對比度此為黑色與白色之間的對比。比值越高，色彩越鮮明。FPCFlexible Printed Circuit;可彎曲印刷電路。In verter換流器DC/AC換流器主要應用於TFT面板背光源之power supply。它使 用高電壓來驅動冷陰極射線管。此獨特的電力儀器具有高瓦特數、高 效能及堅實小巧的設計。LVDSLow Voltage Differential Signaling;數位顯示介

12、面，具有高效能、 高速與低功率消耗等特色。Laser Anneal雷射回火低溫多晶矽與非晶矽最大差異在於，LTPS的薄膜電晶體TFT，經 過雷射回火(Laser anneal)的製程步驟；利用雷射作為熱源，雷射光 經過投射系統後，會產生能量均勻分布的光束，投射於非晶矽結構的 玻璃基板上，當非晶矽結構玻璃基板吸收雷射的能量後，會轉變成為多晶矽結構QCIFQCIF (Quarter Com mon In termediate Format):QCIF為視訊會議格式，其每秒可傳輸30頁的資料，每一頁有144行、每一行有176畫素(pixel)。 其解析度為CIF之1/4。QCIF為ITU H.261

13、視訊會議之標準。CIF及QCIF互為相容並適用於NTSC,PAL及SECAM三種TV標準。White ChromaticityWhite Chromaticity為衡量RGB三原色的均衡值的測量方法。較高之色溫產生偏藍的白色；較低的色溫產生偏紅的白色。a-SiAamorphous silic on以材料結構而言，amorphous的意思是指未結晶的狀態。Amorphous silicon膜具有作為半導體材料之特性，可用plasma CVD裝置在400 C以下的温度下形成。因此成為使用玻璃基板之主動矩陣(active matrix )方式液晶面板的TFT主力元件材料。Amorphous mean

14、s lacking distinet crystalline in material stru cture esm. Amorphous silicon film has the quality that can b e used as material of semic on ductor. It can be formed by usin g plasma CVD equipment under temperature of 400 degree C.Therefore, it is the major material for manufacturing TFT of L CD pan

15、el, which uses glass substrate with active matrix.a-Si TFTamorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor以amorphous silicon為構成材料之電場效果型的薄膜電晶體。帶 有source drain、gate三種電極之3端子元件。最常使用為主動矩陣(active matrix)液晶顯示器的開關。The Field Effect type TFT with amorphous silicon material c ontains three terminal components of three t

16、ypes of electrodes: source, drain, and gate. They are often used as the switch of active matrix type LCD.ACFAn isotropic Con ductive Film異方性導電膜，指含有導電性粒子之熱硬化或熱可塑性的樹脂薄膜。主要用於液晶顯示面板與驅動IC之訊號傳輸連結，需針對不同之接合介面選擇適合導電粒子及密度，一般而言用於fine pitch之導電粒子其直徑約為35 um。An isotropic con ductive film means the thermosett ing o

17、r ther mal plastic res in film which contains con ductivity particle. It is used major in LCD pan el, and to drive the sig nal conn ecti on, t ran smitt ing in IC. Differe nt in terface conn ecti on requires specifi c con ductivity particles and den sity accord in gly. Gen erally speak ing, the diam

18、eter of conductivity particles, which used for fine pitch, should be three to five um.Active area Active area在液晶顯示面板中具有顯示功能之畫素總面積。英：In LCD screen, it serves the purpose of showing the total surfacearea of fun cti onal pixels.Active matrix Active matrix在畫素或dot上設置主動元件，於寫入期間啟動主動元件而寫入data電壓、其他期間則關閉主動元件以

19、維持電壓之矩陣驅動方式。依據主動元件的種類區分為3端子型的TFT方式與2端子型的TFD（ MIM） 方式。2端子型的製造工程可簡化。英：It sets active components on pixel or dot, witch activate activecomponent to write data voltage during the writing period, andduring other period, it shut off active component to maintainvoltage of matrix driving method. According t

20、o different types ofactive component, it is divided into either 3-terminal model TFT or2-terminal model TFD (MIM) methods. The manufacturing processof 2-terminal model can be simplified.Anti-glare treatment Anti-glare treatment在液晶面板表面設置凹凸，以降低鏡面反射之處理。 Anti-glare 處理的程度是利用積分球式光線透過率量測方式， 以全光線透過率與散亂光透過率的

21、比定義的。英：Convex and concave surface is configured on the LCD panel as the treatment to reduce the reflection of mirror. The extent of Anti-glare is to use the measuring method of light penetration of integral sphere model to define the ratio between the rate of full-light penetration and the rate of s

22、catter light Anti-reflection Anti-reflection在表面上包覆多層折射率不同的膜，用來消除界面的反射光之處理。英：It is a treatment to eliminate reflection light from interface surface,by coating many layers of film with different reflecting rate on the surface.Aperture ratio Aperture ratio單一畫素中可透光面積與畫素總面積之比值。開口率之大小與 TFT所使用之金屬導線特性及 Cell

23、 製程能力有關。英：It is the ratio of the luminary surface in a single pixel comparing tothe surface of total pixels. The opening rate is determined by thenature of metal interconnect and the capability of Cellmanufacturing of TFT.APR? plate APR? plate液狀紫外線硬化型樹脂凸版。 厚度從 1.03.0 都有，種類甚多， 為了提供液體的轉寫效率，在畫面部分的表面增加一

24、層網狀物。製版時，版係根據版體的直徑， 事先將畫像縮小後製成。 因為版即使在螢光燈下也會加促硬化，故保管上必須非常注意。（旭化成工業 （ 株）的登記商標）英：There are many kinds of resin projecting plate of UV hardeningmodel in liquid state with a thickness ranging from 1.0 to 3.0; for the purpose of elevating the efficiency of pattern transformation for the liquid, the surfa

25、ce of the picture portion has been mounted a layer of meshed stuff. When perform the plate making, the pattern has been miniaturized and then finished in accordance with the diameter of plate. Since the hardening of plate will be promoted even under fluorescent light, special attention is required f

26、or preservation. (Trademark of Asahi Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd ).Array Array指玻璃基板上已配置 TFT 等 switching 元件，但未成為 Cell 前的狀態。英：It is the state in which the screen has been equipped with TFTswitching device, but it is still not a cell yet.Aspect ratio Aspect ratio顯像後的 resist 膜，或用蝕刻形成於基板上的 pattern 之深度與寬

27、度的比。Aspect比=b/a (a：蝕刻的寬度，b:蝕刻的深度)英：It is the ratio between the depth and width of the pattern on the etched substrate or the resist film after pattern is developed. Aspect ratio = b/a (a : etching width, b : etching depth)Back exposure Back exposure將已經形成在基板上的pattern作成光罩，由基板背面露光之方法英：It is a method of

28、 making the semic on ductor mast from well formed patter n on the substrate, and exposes the back of the substrate to light.Backlight Backlight由於液晶顯示器為非發光型，為了強化顯示的能見度，將液晶面板背 面的光加以投射之裝置。光源以螢光燈管為主流，分為冷陰極管與熱 陰極管。構造上可分為直下型與側光型。英：Because the LCD does not lumi nesce itself, and to re-e nforce the visibili

29、ty of it, there is a device to project the light from the back of a LCD pan el. The majority of light source comes from the fluoresce nt light tube, which is divided into two differe nt types: Cold Cathode Fluoresce nt Lamp and Hot Cathode Fluoresce nt Lamp. The structure can also divided into two d

30、iffere nt types: direct type andside light type.Bezel BezelLCD面板組件，用以維持/保護B/L組件之外側外殼。一般採用金屬 板之成形品。英：It s a part the LCD screen, and used to maintain/protect the side shell of B/L comp onen ts. Normally, it is a product from metal plate.Black Matrix Black Matrix在液晶面板所使用的color filter上，為了分離RGB各畫素作成的格 子

31、狀或條紋狀的構造。BM亦具有預防外部光源造成TFT錯誤動作的 功能。現在雖以單層路、低反射路為主流，但樹脂 BM也已相繼投入 市場。英：BM is used to separate the grid or strip structure made from RGBpixels on the color filter applied on LCD pan el. BM also servesano ther purpose of preve nti ng the malf un cti on of TFT resulted fromoutside light source. Although,

32、single layer and low reflectionchromium are the majority in the market, but res in BM alsobecomes ano ther popular product.Cell Cell指在二片玻璃基板合起來後所形成的幾微米的間隙內封入液晶材料的 Panel 。英：Cell is the panel of liquid crystal that fills into the micro meter gapformed by combining two glasses substrates.Cell gap Cell

33、gap指 TFT 基板與 color filter 基板上 ITO 膜之間隙，間隙之大小會影響液晶顯示面板之穿透率及液晶反應時間。英：Cell Gap is the gap between ITO film on color filter substrate andTFT substrate. The size of the gap affects the transmittance of LCDdisplay substrate and response time of liquid crystal.CF Color Filter為了使液晶彩色顯示器能顯示彩色，在液晶 cell 內構成的零件

34、之一， 在透明基板上依規則配列紅、綠、藍3個原色的pattern。Color filter一般是由遮光用的 Black matrix 、 color 顯示用的著色 pattern 、保護著色 pattern 的透明保護膜、以及驅動液晶用的透明電極膜等 4 種要素所構成。英：In order for LCD to generate colors, there is a pattern with Red, Green and Blue , which is one of the parts in the LC cell. Color filter is structured by 4 major

35、components: Black Matrix to block light, pattern to display colors, transparent protection film made from protection pattern and transparent electrode film used for driver LC.CIE chromaticity diagram CIE chromaticity diagram以平面表現色度座標之圖形。在XYZ表色系及X10Y10Z10表色系中, 原則上採用 x, y 或 x10y10 的直接座標，分別稱為 CIE1931 色

36、度圖或 CIE1964 色度圖。又稱為 xy 色度圖或 x10y10 色度圖。英：CIE chromaticity diagram shows the graph of 2 dimensional colorcoordinate. On the XYZ color graph and X10Y10Z10 color graph, ituses x, y or x10y10 direct coordinate, and they are called CIE1931color graph or CIE 1964 color graph. It is also known as xy orx10y

37、10 chromaticity diagram.COF Chip On Film直接將 IC chip 接續在可撓曲印刷電路板( flexible printed circuit board )的電極端子上之方式，為 Chip On Film 的簡稱。此種 IC 構 裝方法之特長為可撓曲印刷電路板之薄型化，其厚度約為TCP之1/3 , 可提高液晶顯示模組構裝之可 * 度。目前所使用之接合方式有導電膜、導電膠及共晶接合。 英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Film, which is a method ofconnecting IC chip to the

38、 electrode terminal of flexible printedcircuit board. The specialty of this IC package method can thinnerthe flexible printed circuit board, which is about one third ofthickness of TCP. It also increases the reliability of the liquid crystaldisplay module. The current connecting processes used are:c

39、onductivity film, conductivity paste and eutectic conjunction.COG Chip On Glass直接將驅動IC之I/O與顯示玻璃基板的電極端子面對面接合之方式， COG模組構裝所使用之驅動IC必須先長凸塊（bumping），液晶面板 模組構裝之凸塊材質為Au,目前以ACF為接合材料之製程較成熟。英：It is a process of connecting electrode terminal of display glasssubstrate and I/O of Driving IC directly to each other

40、. The DrivingIC must have bumping, and the material used for liquid crystalsubstrate bumping is Au. The manufacturing process, which usesACF as its connecting material, is more matured.COP Chip On Plastic直接將 IC chip 接續在塑膠基板的電極端子上之方式，為 Chip On Plastic 之簡稱。裝設塑膠基板液晶面板之 driver IC 時所使用的。 英：It is a simpli

41、fied term of Chip On Plastic, which is a method ofconnecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of plastic substrate. Itis used for setting the driver IC onto the liquid crystal panel ofplastic substrate.Cold cathode fluorescent tubeCold cathode fluorescent tube為 Back light 其中一種光源，採用金屬陰極之螢光燈管。利用高電場引起

42、發光放電，然後用此放電所產生的紫外線激發螢光體而發光之放電燈管。基於發熱、壽命之考量，大多採用冷陰極管。英：It is one of the light sources used in Back light, and it uses thefluorescent tube of metal cathode. The discharge tube that useshigh electrical field to cause glow discharge and the ultra violet lightgenerated from this type of discharge would t

43、rigger the fluorescentparticle and glow. Considering the heat and life time factors, thecold cathode fluorescent tube is more frequently used.Contrast ratio Contrast ratio液晶On/Off時最大輝度與最小輝度之比。液晶依畫面視角的不同，其 contrast 也會跟著改變，因此以最大的對比來表示。通常STN 以10 : 1表示、TFT以100 : 1表示。英：The ratio between the maximum and m

44、inimum brightness when theLC is On / Off. The contrast changes with different viewing angles,and therefore, maximum contrast ratio is used for display.Generally, STN is 10:1 and TFT is 100:1 for display.CD Critical Dimension一般是指 100um 以下的 pattern 線寬或間隔， 為表示 pattern 位置之 尺寸值。使用於露光量、現象條件、蝕刻條件等製程參數，或製品尺

45、 寸管理方面。英:CD means the gap or width between patterns under 100 um, and itis to show the dimension measurement of location of pattern. It isused as a parameter of light exposure quantity, and etchingconditions in manufacturing process or dimension managementaspect of products.Crosstalk Crosstalk由於畫素間信

46、號干涉，使對比高的畫面輪廓在背景部產生的拖曳現 象。每個畫素都設置理想switch的主動矩陣方式不會產生crosstalk英：Due to the sig nal in terfere nces betwee n pixels, the backgr oundwould gen erate draggi ng phe nomenon in high con trast scree n.Cross talk can be eliminated by fixing activate matrix type of ideal switch on each pixel.DDark defect Dar

47、k defect不隨信號改變而一直保持低輝度狀態的點狀缺陷英：Dark defect is a kind of dot form fault that does not change withsignals and keeps in low BRIL status.Data line Data lineFT基板中傳達顯示信號之垂直方向的配線。因為接續在各畫素TFT的Source電極或Drain電極上，故又稱為Source線或Drain線。線寬通常為數um到10um不等。英：It is the perpendicular wiring used in TFT substrate to trans

48、ferdisplay signals. Because it is connected with the Source electrode orDrain electrode on each pixel in TFT, it is also known as Source lineor Drain line. The width of the line is often between few um to 10um.Dichroic Mirror Dichroic Mirror僅選擇在特定的波長區域內的光來做反射的光學鏡。 一般是利用層積的多層膜的光之干涉經由反射而取出各式各樣的顏色的光。 使

49、用在投寫型的投影機上。英：It is a kind of optical mirror that only reflects certain light in somechosen light spectrum. Normally, many layers of film to interferewith light and with reflection to generate various color of light. It isapplied to projectors with poly-silicon LCD.Dot Dot構成各畫素的要素點(顯示的最小構成點)。英：Dot is

50、 the point that constructs each pixel. (the smallest displayunit)Driver IC Driver IC驅動液晶面板的廻路或IC。Matrix顯示有掃描電極（行電極）Driver與信號電極（列電極）Driver二種。由QFP變遷為TCP。多矽晶(poly-silicon )的面板則是直接將 Driver IC形成在顯示面板中。英：It is the IC that drives the LCD. There two types of display matrix:Scanning electrode (colu mn electr

51、ode) Driver and Sig nal electrode(row electrode) Driver. The package of driver cha nges from QFP toTCP. The Driver IC of poly-silicon LCD panel forms directly in thedisplay scree n.Dual sca n Dual Scan將液晶面板的配線自上下兩端開始接續的方法。英：It is a method of connecting continuously from top and bottomwir ing in the

52、LCD.EEWS engin eeri ng workstati on擁有color graphic display與高度演算能力，技術者為了能互動地執 行LSI或electronics system之開發、設計所用的電腦。透過電腦網 路與其他EWS相互接續而達到設計Data共有化，以構築效率良好的 分散設計環境。英:It is a computer designed for high color graphic display calculation, and it is used for execute LSI interactively or for electronics system

53、 developme nt. Through n etwork, it can conn ect to other EWS to achieve data shari ng desig ning, hen ce, better and efficie nt distributed deig ning en vir onment are built.FFlatness Flatness大多指heat head與支撐台的平行度。熱壓著時，每個tool相互間的 關係比平行度重要。英：Most of the time, Flatness means the parallelism between th

54、e heattool and support platform. Whe n there is heat, the relati on shipsbetwee n each tool is more importa nt tha n the parallelism.Flicker Flicker畫面輝度之周期性變動。也稱為閃爍。出現Cross Talk較多的畫面其Flicker也會較明顯。其起因與 Crosstalk相同。英：Flicker is a periodic change of the brightness of the screen. Flicker ismore obvious

55、when there are more cross talk, and the cause offlicker is the same as Crosstalk.FPC Flexible Printed Circuit可撓曲印刷配線板。使用於實裝有液晶 driver IC 的印刷基板與 COG基板等界面上之配線板。英：FPC means flexible printed circuit board. FPC is the circuit that applies to printing circuit with LC driver IC and COG circuit interface. F

56、CA Flip Chip Attachment為 face down bonding 其中一種。 指將 LSI chip 上的接續電極直接接續在基板或 package 的配線用電極上。一般是在 LSI chip 上形成焊錫bump與基板接續，但COG則是使用導電paste、ACF等來接續bump 與基板。英：FCA is one type of the face down bonding. It means attaching theconnecting electrode of LSI chip directly to the circuit or wiringelectrode of pa

57、ckage. Generally, LSI chip forms the soldering bumpand attach to the circuit, but COG uses conductivity paste, or ACFfor attachment between bump and circuit.FLCD Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display 指強誘電性液晶。材料使用sematic液晶，屬於單純matrix方式, 可做高速應答。雖然使用在大型 panel上價格較便宜，但另一方面， 由於很難做安定的配向，故在畫面的要求上有其困難之處。英：It uses sematic LC as its material, which belongs to simple matrixtype, and has high speed response. Although it is chea