现在完成时讲解及练习

1、二 句型 ：否定句：主语+have/has+not+ 过去分词+其他 .一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语 +过去分词+其他 .简略答语 : Yes,主语 + have/has.（ 肯定 ）No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.（否定）三用法基本结构 ： 助动词 have/has+ 过去分词 （done）（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影 响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含义是 : 现在我没有钱花了 .）Guo zijun has （just/already） come. （含义：郭子君现在在这儿 ）My f

2、ather has gone to work.（ 含义是 : 我爸爸现在不在这儿 ）（ 2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的, 持续到现在的区别. / since for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+ 时段 +ago since+ 从句（过去时） It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四 has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in）Have/Has gone（to） :

3、去了 （ 现在不在说话现场 ） Where is your father？ He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） : 去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in ：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months two months ago.的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（ be 动词表示）常与 for （ +时间 段） ,since （ +时间点或过去时的句子）连用 .五现在完成时的标志She ha

4、s passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响 , 用以 下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 :* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has

5、never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。试。2. 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在 , 甚至有可能继续延续下 去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手, 进一步学习现在完成时。*for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点(过去 从句)为标志注意： 1) 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用 , 如 yesterd ay,last week, three years ago等 ; 2) 不能与 when连用 2. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA thre

6、e times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以 so far (到目前为止)为标 +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。六过去分词1 、规则动词 ：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1) 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。put put putset set set shut shut shut spread spread spreadread read read read 原形发音为 /ri:d/, 为 /red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型become becam

7、e become run ran run come came come 特殊情况 ABB型过去式和过去分词发音work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2) 、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3) 、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i 再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音 字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-

8、dropped2 、 不规则动词 ：AAA型原型 过去式 过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitbring brought broughtbuy bought bought build built built bur n bur nt bur nt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard h

9、eard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke b

10、roken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink dra nk drunk fly flew flownforgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze froze n give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink s

11、ank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written七.瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come , go ,leave,join能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy-一-have borrowkeepcome/arrive/reach/get tobe ingo out-一be out leave -一-be awaybeginbe on finish-be overopenbe open close be closeddiebe dead代替buyMy brother has had（ 不能用 has

12、 bought） this bike for al most four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept（ 不能用 have borrowed） the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put onb) 用“ be形容词”

13、代 终止性动词 常用瞬间动词变 延续性动词 表：1、bemarried 代 marry 2 、 be ill 代 fall (get) ill1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gon3、 bedead 代 die 4 、 be asleep代 fall (get) asleepe/moved to sw.be gone 代 lose,die,sel5、be awake 代 wake/wake up 6have been in sw./at 相应的介词,leave7、 beopen 代 open 8 、be closed 代 cl

14、ose/shut9、 bemissing(gone,lost)代 losec) 用“be副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代 start,begin2“beup”代 get up3“beback(to) ”代 return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there) ”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here (arrive,reach,get) there等等d) 用“ be介词短语”代终止性动词1. “be in/at + 地点”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army代替 join the arm

15、y3. “be in/at + 地点”代替 move to2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up ；7. have died have been dead ；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.或 go9. have fallen aslee

16、p/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over ；11. havemarried have been married ；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth.13. have begun hav e been on14. have borrowed/bought -have kept/had15. have lost haven t had16. have put on -have worn17. have caught /

17、get a cold have had a cold ;18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Par ty/the armyThave been a member of/ have been in/have been the P arty s member/the league member/the soldier 现在完成时练习（一）A）选用have, has填空：told him the news.co

18、me back from school.won the game.B）按要求改写下列各句：have bought a computer/改成否定句）has lost his book.（先改成一般疑问句，再作肯定与否定回答）C）单项选择6. -Where have you, Kate?Jveto the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfatherfor two years.A. died B. has died C. has been deadD. has been died8.

19、Its six weeksI met you last.A. when B. sinceC. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reache d现在完成时练习（二）一、单项选择。1、Both his parentslook sad . Maybe they whatshappened to him . （呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will k

20、now2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3 、Have you met Mr Li ？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing.wrote .has written5、 Our country a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even . has changed ;

21、 well . changed ; good . has changed ; better. changed ; better6 、 Zhao Lan already in this school for twoyears . . was ; studying. will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7 、 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it tw

22、ice . will see. have seen . saw .see9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go. have they gone10、 you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished.has gone . went .will go . has been

23、. Have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ; finish11、His father the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12 、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13 、 How long have you here ?About two months . been . gone . c

24、ome . arrived14 、 Hurry up! The play for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she to the17 、 My parents Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been

25、18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener Chinasince he toChina?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started

26、to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. （对划线部分提问 ）library .they been here?3、The old man last year . Hefor a year . （die）（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（同义句转换）This factoryfor twenty years.5、Miss Gao le

27、ft an hour ago.（同义句转换）Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her motherthe Party three years.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.（同义句转换）two years the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.（扌巴 两个句子合并成一个

28、句子）三、汉译英。1吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发 生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。 这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。 故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是E。2、现在完成时常与already （已经），just （刚刚，正好），ever （曾 经），never （从来，也不；从不），before （以前），yet （仍然）等连用。故2应选Bo3、C4、现在完成时常与recently （近来），so far （到目前为止），in thepast/ “last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从 现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始 持续到现在的。故4应选Q5、C6、现在完成时时常与“ for+时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含 从句，从句过去时）。故6应选