[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟149

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟149专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟149专业八级分类模拟149LANGUAGE USAGEPassage 1English is one of the worlds most widely spoken languages.This is partly because it was the language of the British Empire.The empire once controlled so much of the world when it was said 1that the Sun never set on the Briti

2、sh Empire. England, the birthplace of English, takes on most of the island 2 of Great Britain. It is one of the four land that form the United 3Kingdom. The English that people speak there today is quitediffered from the English that was spoken long ago. If you were 4read a book by Geoffrey Chaucer,

3、 one of the early writers of 5English, someone would have to explain it to you what many 6words mean. England has product many famous writers since Chaucer. 7 They include such poets as John Milton and Percy Bysshe Shelleyand such novelists as Jane Austen and Charles Dickens. England isalso known fo

4、r its theater. That art has remained important sincethe time of playwright William Shakespeare some 400 years ago.Englands Oxford and Cambridge are two of the oldest universitiesin the world. The countrys contributions of classical and folk 8music, as well as to rock and roll, are also important. It

5、s not hard 9to imagine what rock would be like if there hadnt been Englishperformers such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and DavidBowie. The English also discovered two of the worlds most 10popular sports: football (known as soccer in the United States)and cricket.1.答案:whenthat解析 语法错误。根据句意“英国曾经

6、控制世界如此多的地方”以及“它被称为日不落大英帝国”可知，从句并不表示主句发生的时间，而是主句的结果，so. that.引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以致”，放在此处符合句意，故将when改为that。2.答案:onup解析 词汇错误。take on的意思为“呈现；承担”，用于此处，句意不通。take up意为“占据”，放在这里表示“英格兰占据了大不列颠岛的很大一部分”，故将on改为up。3.答案:landlands解析 词汇错误。在“one of+名词”的结构中，名词需要用复数形式。故将land改为lands。land作名词表示“陆地，大地，地域”时为不可数名词，此处为可数名词，意为“国土”。

7、4.答案:differeddifferent解析 词汇错误。如果用differ表示A与B不同，需用A differs from B句型，且前面不能加系动词，故此处用is differed from不妥。be different from为固定表达，也表示“与不同”，故将differed改为different。5.答案:readto解析 语法错误。were read为动词过去式的被动语态，此处“你”和读书在逻辑上是主动关系，故此种说法有误。根据if可以猜测这里是用虚拟语气，表示对将来情况的主观推测，主句为should/would/could/might+do，从句用if+主语+were to d

8、o的形式。此处符合这种用法，故加上to，整句意为“如果你要读一本杰弗里乔叟(英国早期作家之一)的书，你不得不接受某人为你解释其中许多词语的意思。”6.答案:itit解析 语法错误。explain的用法为explain sth.to sb.，在此用法中宾语也可以放到to sb.的后面，即为explain to sb. sth.，本句中what引导的从句作解释的内容，因此本行中的it多余，故删除。7.答案:productproduced解析 词汇错误。product为名词，意为“产品，产物”，其后又紧接一个名词结构many famous writers。假设has是作谓语，但其也不能接双宾语。根据

9、提示词since，可以推测此处主句需要用现在完成时，故把product，改为其动词的过去分词形式produced，与has一起构成完成时态，表示“已经产生”。8.答案:ofto解析 词汇错误。contributions to.为固定搭配，表示“对的贡献”，根据后面的as well as可知，这里与to rock and roll是一致、相呼应的，故将of改为to。9.答案:notnot解析 语篇错误。前一句提到英国对流行和古典音乐也有重要的贡献，所以可以推断“如果没有英国著名的表演者例如披头士”，应该是“难”以想象摇滚乐会如何发展。若用not hard，则与文章语义相反，不符合逻辑，应将not

10、删掉。10.答案:discoveredinvented解析 词汇错误。discover指以前存在的东西被人发现了，用于此不符合句意。根据常识，足球和板球是之前没有的，是新发明的，故将discovered改为invented。Passage 2Poetry can be compared to painting. When you look at a workof art, you first see it for what it isa depiction of a person, ananimal, a place, or a thing. Youll notice the colors a

11、nd thetextures, and maybe how the light shines across a window or 1highlights a patch of flowers. These are the things what you see on 2the surface. Then you look a little close at some of the fine details. 3How did the painter make white paint to look silver against blue 4drapery? How did the artis

12、t catch that sad look in the eyes of thechild? How on earth did it actually make an apple look so real that 5you could always reach out and grab it off the table? 6 Now what about abstract art? What do you see in these paintings? Strange shapes and images-are they recognized? Do 7they make you feel

13、a certain way? When you look at abstract art,maybe you dont necessary see as much as you are actuallyfeeling. To some people, poetry is like abstract art. Some people feel that poetry is too objective to the artist for the reader to be able to 8fully understand it. How can you make the sense of word

14、s that 9dont necessarily say a story? To appreciate art, you must first 10appreciate your own sensibilities, and then you must appreciateform and texture. With poetry, you start with an appreciation ofand trust for your own feelings, and then you examine yourappreciation of words and the magic they

15、make when theyre usedtogether.1.答案:acrossthrough解析 词汇错误。此处表达的是“你将注意到阳光如何穿过窗户”。across指“从某物表面穿过”，例如：across the street(穿过马路)。而表示“从某物里面穿过”时需要用through，这里阳光是从窗户中穿过，故需要将across改为through。2.答案:whatthat/which或whatwhat解析 语法错误。本句的主干部分为These are the things, you see on the surface为定语从句，修饰先行词things，在该定语从句中，引导词在从句中作

16、see的宾语，故引导词应改为that/which或者省略。3.答案:closecloser解析 词汇错误。前文提到“观看艺术品，首先看的是表面的东西”，此句表明“然后近一点看这些小细节”，由此可以看出，从“看表面”到“看细节”，距离由远及近，两种情况相对比，这里应该是表示“更近一点”，故将close改为其比较级closer。4.答案:toto解析 语法错误。根据上下文语义，make在此作使役动词，意为“使”。当谓语为使役动词时，若不定式作宾补，此时需省略不定式符号to，即make sb. do sth.，故需删除to。5.答案:ithe解析 语法错误。上一行说“艺术家如何捕捉孩子眼中的悲伤?”

17、而本行提到“它到底如何使得(画上去的)苹果如此真实?”可看出本行的“它”指的就是前两句分别提到的the painter和the artist，都是指人，故需将it改为he。6.答案:alwaysalmost解析 词汇错误。前半句说“艺术家如何使得(画上去的)苹果如此真实”，可见苹果并不是真实存在的，因此不可能“总是”伸出手并把它从桌子上拿下来，always用于此不妥。而almost，表示“几乎”，用在此处，体现了艺术家所画苹果的逼真。7.答案:recognizedrecognizable解析 词汇错误。recognized是指“认出”以前认识的人或物，而recognizable意为“(某物)可

18、识别的”，这些奇怪的形状和意象应该是以前没有看过的，故用recognizable合适，因此将recognized改为recognizable。8.答案:objectivesubjective解析 语篇错误。这段首句提到“对于某些人来说，诗歌好似抽象艺术”，而依据本句的句型too. to.(太而不能)可以推测，这里“诗歌不能让读者充分理解”应该是因为其太具有作者的“主观任意性”。objective表示“客观的”，即不带个人感情色彩的，这样应该是不会造成大众的理解困难，故此处用objective不符合语义。另外abstract与subjective在语义上也是相关联的词，故将objective改为

19、subjective。9.答案:thethe解析 词汇错误。make sense of sth.为固定搭配，意为“弄明白”，表示理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物，sense前不需要加冠词，故将the删除。注意此短语若无of，则表示其他含义，make sense意为“有意义；有道理”。10.答案:saytell解析 词汇错误。tell意为“告诉、讲述”，指某人把某一件事、一条信息告诉别人或讲述一件事。say着重说话的内容，后面一般接具体的话。tell a story为固定搭配，意为“讲故事”，故将say改为tell。Passage 3Arabic language is one of the w

20、orlds most widely usedlanguages. It is the officer language of many Arab nations in the 1Middle East and northern Africa. There are two types of Arabic,spoken and written. Spoken Arabic comprises of dialects in 2different areas of the Arabic-speaking world. These dialects can berough divided into Gu

21、lf, Iraqi, Levantine, Maghrebi, North 3Egyptian, Saudi, South Egyptian and Sudanese, and Tunisian.These dialect areas can be subdivided farther. Written Arabic 4serves as the standard written language of all Arab nations. It is thedescendant of the language of the Quran, the scared book of the 5Isla

22、mic religion. Arabs use a spoken form of written Arabic forradio and TV news broadcasts, and in plays and motion pictures.This form also serves as a common spoken language for Arabswho speaks different dialects. Arabic belongs to the Semitic 6language groups, and is thus related to Hebrew and Ethiop

23、ic. TheArabic alphabet has 28 symbols. The alphabet is written from rightto left or from the top of the page to the bottom. The alphabetappears in the ALPHABET article. No one knows when Arabic originally developed, and people 7 of the Arabian Peninsula were the first use it. During the A.D. 8600s,

24、Islam spread throughout southwestern Asia and northernAfrica, and the Arabic language was introduced in these areas.Since the mid-1900s, many Arab countries have played 9increasingly important role in world affairs. In a result, Arabic has 10become a major language in international business and poli

25、tics.1.答案:officerofficial解析 词汇错误。officer意为“长官，官员”，用于此处，句意不通。“官方语言”应用official language来表示，故将officer改为official。2.答案:ofof或comprisesconsists解析 词汇错误。comprise为及物动词，表示“由组成”，后面不需要跟介词of，故将of删除。此外，consists of也表示“由组成”，因此本题也可将comprises改为consists。3.答案:roughroughly解析 词汇错误。形容词rough不能修饰动词divided，故此处需将形容词rough改为副词形式

26、roughly，表示“粗略地，大致地”。4.答案:fartherfurther解析 词汇错误。farther意为“更远的”，通常用以表示具体地理空间的距离，用于此处，明显不妥。只有further可用以表示抽象意义的“更加”或“进一步”的意思，故此处需要用further。5.答案:scaredsacred解析 词汇错误。逗号后面的the. book是作Quran(古兰经)的同位语，对其进行补充说明。过去分词scared作形容词表示“害怕的”，而形容词sacred意为“神圣的”，古兰经是伊斯兰宗教中的圣书，故用sacred符合语义。6.答案:speaksspeak解析 语法错误。分析句子结构，wh

27、o引导的定语从句修饰Arabs，根据主谓一致的原则，此处动词应该配合复数名词Arabs而改为复数形式speak。7.答案:andbut解析 语篇错误。根据句意“没人知道阿拉伯语最初发展于何时”以及“阿拉伯半岛的人最先使用它”，可看出两个分句之间并非是并列关系，而是转折关系，故将and改为but。8.答案:firstto解析 语法错误。在people.use it中谓语动词为were，故use不能用动词原形，只能用动词的非谓语形式。此处在use前加to，用不定式作后置定语修饰the first，表示“最先使用阿拉伯语的人”，符合上下文语义。9.答案:playedan解析 词汇错误。play a

28、role in.是固定搭配，意为“在方面起作用”。此处的played后面缺少不定冠词，且由于increasingly是以元音开头的词，故需要在played后加上不定冠词an。10.答案:InAs解析 词汇错误。as a result为固定搭配，意为“作为结果，因此”，故将In改为As。此处意为“因此，阿拉伯语已经成为目前国际经济和政治中使用的一门主要语言。”Passage 4More than 2,000 years ago, the philosopher Socrateswandered around Athens asking questions, an approach to find

29、 1truth that thinkers venerated ever since. In modern times, the 2Socratic method was adapted for use in universities and becamethe dominant form of instruction for students learning philosophyand the law. The most recently national survey on the subject 3found that 97% of law-school professors use

30、the Socratic methodin first-year classes. Socratic dialogues seem to work for the 4ancient Greeks. Are they efficient for people today? Recently, a 5group of researchers decided to find out. In a study published in the December 2011 issue of the journal Mind, Brain, and Education, four cognitive sci

31、entists fromArgentina describe what happened when they asked contemporaryhigh school and college students a series of questions identified to 6those posed by Socrates. In one of his most famous lessons,Socrates showed a young slave boy with a square, then led him 7through a series of 50 questions in

32、tended to teach the boy how todraw the second square with an area twice as large as the first.Students in the 2011 experiment, led by researcher Andrea Goldin,gave answers astonishing similar to those offered by Socrates 8pupils, even making the same mistakes he made. Our results 9show that the Socratic dialogue is built on a strong intuition ofhuman knowledge and reasoning which persist more than 10twenty-four centuries after its conception, the researchers write.Their findings, Goldin and his co-authors add, dem