介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

1、“介词+ which / whom ”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前， 即演变出“介 词+关系代词”句型。例如:The man who/whom /that you sp oke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用 which （指物）或whom指人），即: 介词 +which/whom。(1) Th

2、e man to whom you spoke is a teacher.(2)The city in which she lives is far away.(3)The little girl is reading a book, in which there are many carto ons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。that/which(指物)；2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/who/whom （指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如:(1) The man (who/whom

3、/that ) you spoke to is a teacher.(2) The city ( which/that )she lives in is far away.分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for,注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆look after, pay attentionto ,take care of , look forwardto, liste n to等。This is the pen that / which you arelook ing for.The p atie nt whom she islo

4、ok ing afteris her father.The words that /which we shouldpay atte nti on toare writte n on the blackboard.There are fifty p atie nts who/whom/that we musttake good care of.练习：这些句子对吗？(1) The man with whom you talked is my frie nd.(2) The man( who/that) you talked with is my friend.(3) The man with wh

5、o/that you talked is my friend.(4) The plane in which we flew to Can ada is very comfortable.(5) The plane in that we flew to Can ada is very comfortable.二、关系副词 when, where, why可用介词+ which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中whe n=表时间的介词（如:in，at,dunng 等) +which ；Where=a地点的介词（如:in，at,on,under等) +which ；Why表原因的介词（如:

6、for) +whichwhen引导，此时也可选用表I still remember the daywhe n I came here.(on the day =whe n)（1）当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词示时间的介词+ which来代替关系副词 wheriowhere引导，此时也可选用表This is the housewhere I lived last year.(in the house= where)（2）当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词示地点的介词+ which来代替关系副词 where。why引导，此时也可以用当先行词为re

7、ason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词for which来代替关系副词 why。There are many reas onswhy people like traveli ng.(for the reas ons =why)三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1. 一先，即根据定语从句中 介词与先行词 的搭配关系选择。(on the day)(spend money on sth.)I never forget the day on which I came to this school.2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This

8、 is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.3.三意义，即根据定语从句的 意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, _without which I cannot see clearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示1. Do you like the bookshe lear ned a lot?had nt been cleaned for at least2. He p aid the boy $10 for wash ing ten win dows, most3. The towera year.people

9、can have a good view is on the hill.注意: 介词+关系代词1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2） that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。练习：1. He was educated at a local grammar school, 山东卷）he went on to Cambridge.05A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this2.She was educated at Beijing Unive

10、rsity, study abroad. （06 陕西卷）she went on to have her advancedA. after thatB. from that C. from whichD. after which3.Gun control is a subjectAmericans have argued for a long time. （09陕西A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which4.Wind power is an ancient source of energywemay return in the

11、 near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which5.The settlement is hometo nearly 1,000 people ,many of 浙卷）homes for a better life in the city.（10A.whom B.which C.them D.whose6.The English play my students acted at the New Yearsuccess. （04 全国 I ）A for which B at whichC in whichD on whi

12、chleft their villages party was a great7. The journey around the world took the oldsailor nine months,the s ailingtime was 226 days.04广西）D. for whichA. of which B. during which C. from which8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when theyremembered the scenespeople were

13、 eaten by the tiger. （05广东卷 ）A. in whichB. by which C. which D. that9. She showed thevisitors around the museum,the constructionhad taken morethan three years.11 江西卷）A. for which B. with whichC. of which D. to which10.The placethe bridgetraffic is the heaviest. （05is supposed to be built should be 江

14、苏卷 ）the cross-riverA. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in whichhe found a job in a11.Eric received training in the computer for one year, big company.A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after thisthere wont be muchwork.A.whereB.thatC.by whichD.without which12.Villager

15、s here depend on the fishing industry,wanted to buy it.14. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5： 30 pm，many13.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whompeople have gone home.15.Whenever I met her,A.whose time B.

16、that C.on which D.by which timewas fairly often,she greeted me with a sweetsmile.(09 山东 )A.who B.whichC. when D.thatI had ever met before. (0916.She brought with her three friends,none of 海南）A.themB.who C.whomD.these17.Many children,parents areaway working in big cities,are taken good安徽）care of in the village. (09A.theirB.whoseC.of themD.with whomnamewill create a picture湖南）18.I was