新建12万吨年硫铁矿制酸项目可行性研究报告

1、Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at t

2、he man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily. Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!.Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？It was Sunday. I never ge

3、t up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you. Bu

4、t Im still having breakfast, I said.What are you doing ? she asked. Im having breakfast, I repeated.Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late ? Its one oclock!Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in

5、 public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got

6、up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card !Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and

7、 he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding

8、 this trip very exciting.Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a

9、pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.Lesson 6 P

10、ercy Buttons 珀西巴顿斯I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in

11、 his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all m

12、orning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. T

13、wo men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful

14、garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wood

15、en bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a

16、large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes

17、past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our

18、clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked.

19、Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he al

20、ways borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so

21、 now you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atla

22、ntic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys

23、 绿林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the

24、Workers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing exp

25、erience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from

26、 a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would s

27、ee me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr.

28、Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. Ho

29、wever, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If

30、you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will

31、 be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!l

32、esson18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill

33、. I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun alr

34、eady, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these two tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tick

35、ets please ? I asked.Certainly, the girl said, but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky.

36、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one im

37、portant thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for

38、 some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of mone

39、y to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece o

40、f paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will c

41、ost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the c

42、ountry. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern ho

43、use in the district.Lesson24 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. Everyones losing money these days, he sa

44、id. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. I found this outside this gentlemans room she贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司新建12万吨/年硫铁矿制酸项目1 总 论1.1 概述1.1.1 项目基本情况 项目名称：贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司新建12万吨/年硫铁矿制酸项目1.1.1.

45、2 项目建设性质本项目属新建工程，项目建设资金构成为全部自筹。公司性质为：有限公司。经营体制及管理机制采用现代企业机制，按公司制进行经营和管理 项目建设地点：广西壮族自治区贺州市1.1.2 建设单位基本情况 建设单位名称、法人代表建设单位：贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司法人代表：杨孝柱 建设单位概况 广西壮族自治区贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司位于贺州市望高镇鲤鱼村，是以硫铁矿制酸为主的企业。是具有独立企业法人资格的有限公司。1.2 编制单位、编制依据和原则可行性研究报告编制单位：包头市明天化学工程有限公司（包头市化工设计研究所）地址：包头市昆区林隐路6号 电话（FA

46、X）2.1 编制依据 贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司提供的12万吨/年硫铁矿制酸技改项目基础资料 贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司与包头明天化学工程有限公司签定的技术转让合同。 化工建设项目可行性研究报告内容和深度的规定(修订本)，原化学工业部化计发(1997)427号文。1.2.2 编制原则 力求全面、客观地反映情况 本报告是供项目法人及其上级主管部门决策、审批使用，因此在编制过程中按照国家、行业和地区的发展规划，以及国家的产业政策、技术政策的要求，对本项目的建设条件、技术路线、经济效益、工程建设、生产管理以及对环境的影响等

47、各个方面，力求全面地、客观地反映实际情况，多方面地分析对比，为项目法人及其上级主管部门决策提供依据。 采用先进适用的技术 本项目是国产化硫铁矿制酸生产装置，生产装置及配套的公用工程、辅助设施，都充分注意技术的先进性。技术的先进性不但体现在工艺流程、技术装备和控制水平上，而且同样体现在环境保护和安全工业卫生等各个方面。 在注意技术先进性的同时，还充分关注技术的适用性。即根据我国目前的经济能力、配套能力和管理水平等国情，选取适用的先进技术。 要以经济效益为中心 经济效益是企业生存的命脉。因此，本报告编制过程中特别注意合理布局、节省投资、选用先进适用可靠的技术，降低定额消

48、耗和减少人员投入以提高企业的经济效益。 在可靠的前提下，尽可能提高国产化的程度 近年来，包头明天化学工程有限公司设计了多套1020万吨/年硫铁矿制酸装置和硫磺制酸装置，均获得成功。在这些装置的设计、建设和生产过程中，我们已经积累了成熟的技术和丰富的经验。因此，本项目在技术上先进、合理、可靠的前提下，采用国产化技术和装备，有利于降低项目投资，也有利于促进国内硫酸工业的发展。 严格执行国家及地区环保法规、“三废”治理达标后排放，控制对环境的污染，建设清洁生产装置。工程建设严格按照国家“三同时”的规定执行。 设计认真贯彻国家产业政策、国家和行业的节能设计标准

49、。 贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的方针，遵循现行的防火、安全卫生和劳动保护等有关规范，确保本项目投产后能安全稳定生产，符合职工安全卫生的要求，保障劳动者在劳动过程中的安全和健康。1.3 项目背景1.3.1 项目简介广西壮族自治区贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司12万吨/年硫铁矿制酸项目是由贺州市宏鑫化工有限公司投资兴建。该公司是以硫铁矿制酸为主的企业。是具有独立企业法人资格的有限公司。该项目的建设可以充分利用当地丰富的硫铁矿资源，更好地发挥公司的区域资源优势和市场优势，该项目的建设将使资源及能源优势转化为产业优势。1.3.2 项目建设的必要性和投资意义近年来，随着中国现代化建设的需要，各行业

50、对硫酸的需求量均呈上升趋势。国内硫酸产量增长也较快，但它是随着耗酸大户磷复肥工业大幅度增长而增长的，近年来硫酸产品的短缺局面虽已有所缓解，但整体的不平衡仍相当严重，我国硫酸的市场缺口依然存在。硫酸是重要的基本化工原料，是世界上生产量最大的化工产品，广泛应用于各行各业。主要用于磷肥、复肥行业，占硫酸总需求量的70左右；其次用于有色冶炼、石油化工、纺织印染、国防军工以及农药、医药、制革、炼焦、钢铁等工业部门，用途极为广泛。目前，广西壮族自治区贺州市及周边地区硫酸市场紧俏，缺口很大，价格上涨。贺州周边酸用户有钛白粉厂和锰矿厂，每年硫酸用量在20万吨以上。硫酸是重要的工业原料之一，随着贺州及周边地区工

51、业的发展，为了更好地发挥公司的区域资源优势和市场优势，投资建设12万吨/年硫酸项目是十分必要的，完全符合国家的发展规划，有着重大的意义。1.4 研究范围1.4.1 原料工段1.4.2 焙烧工段1.4.3 净化工段1.4.4 转化工段1.4.5 干吸及成品工段1.4.6 循环水站1.4.7 配电所和控制室1.4.8 公用工程及辅助设施1.5 研究结论1.5.1 研究的简要结论 本项目的产品方案符合国家产业政策和市场需求，生产规模适中，达到了经济生产规模。装置采用工艺技术适度先进，技术成熟可靠，工艺技术路线合理可行。投资回收期较短、经济效益显著。 本项目在环境保护、劳动

52、安全和工业卫生方面治理措施有效，可以达到国家规定的要求。 该项目投产后，可带动本地区相关配套企业的发展，为社会提供更多的就业机会。 综上所述，该项目生产工艺成熟，产品市场前景看好，经济效益显著，同时具有明显的环境效益和社会效益，在技术上和经济上都是可行的，因此本项目可行。附：主要技术经济指标主要技术经济指标 表1-1序号项目名称单 位数 量备 注一装置生产规模生产规模Kt/a120以100%H2SO4计二产品方案198%H2SO4Kt/a124.42电Kkwh/a210003铁精砂Kt/a103三年操作时间年操作日天333.3年操作小时h8000四主要原材料、燃料用量1硫铁矿S:

53、32% （干基）kt/a1292催化剂 t/a113轻柴油t/a78五公用动力消耗量1供水（新鲜水）m3/h105正常2供电设备总容量Kw5560计算负荷Kw2175年耗电量Kwh1.74x107六三废排放量1废 气Nm3/h28712SO2含量:702mg/Nm32废 渣kt/a无付产品铁精砂3稀硫酸(5% H2SO4)t/a20000中和处理七运输量1运入量kta1292运出量kta239八装置定员人87九装置占地面积公顷2.69十项目总投资万元6265.211固定资产投资（1）建设投资万元4813.25其中资本金万元4813.25（2）建设期利息万元0.002流动资金万元1451.96其

54、中30%铺底流动资金万元422.33十一报批项目总投资万元5248.83十二年销售收入万元13469.28正常年份十三平均总成本费用万元8254.21十四平均利润总额万元4392.74十五平均销售税金万元552.94十六财务评价指标1投资利润率%70.112投资利税率%78.943投资回收期所得税前年2.5含建设期所得税后年2.12含建设期4财务内部收益率所得税前%78.89所得税后%60.155财务净现值所得税前万元34201.70i=9%所得税后万元24923.87i=9%6盈亏平衡点%27.362 市场预测2.1 国内、外市场情况预测2.1.1 产品现状及用途 硫酸是重要的基本化工原料，

55、是世界上生产量最大的化工产品，广泛应用于各行各业。主要用于磷肥、复肥行业，占硫酸总需求量的70%左右；其次用于有色冶炼、石油化工、纺织印染、国防军工以及农药、医药、制革、炼焦、钢铁等工业部门，用途极为广泛。 硫酸的生产原料主要有硫磺、硫铁矿、天然石膏、磷石膏以及含SO2的冶炼烟气。世界上硫酸生产原料主要以硫磺为主。以2000年世界硫酸生产为例，当年世界硫酸总产量15877.9万吨，其中，硫磺制酸占64.7%；冶炼烟气制酸等占26.3%；硫铁矿制酸占9.0%。由于硫铁矿包括有色金属伴生副产的硫精砂是我国的主要硫资源，我国的硫酸生产原料原来一直以硫铁矿为主。1995年以后，我国硫酸生产的原料结构发

56、生了很大的变化。硫铁矿制酸比例逐年下降，由1995年的81.6%，下降到2002年的39.5%。但是由于国际市场硫磺供应偏紧，价格居高不下，进入2007年以来国内已出现将硫磺制酸改造为硫铁矿制酸的现象。2.1.2 国内外硫酸市场供需情况2005年全国硫酸表观消费量3231.83万吨，其中化肥用酸量2323.9万吨，占硫酸总消费量的71.9%，比2004年增长16.95%，磷复肥用酸量2045.2万吨，占硫酸总消费量的63.28%，比2004年增长11.59%。“九五”期间高浓度磷复肥迅速发展促进了硫酸消费量的增长。2007年，我国硫酸装置的总生产能力（产能）约6800万吨，生产量5700万吨，占全球产量的25.7%，居全球硫酸产量的首位，而且在进入21世纪的7年中，全球硫酸产量共增加了2930.7万吨，中国就增加了2589