虚拟语气练习题

1、虚拟语气一、语气（Mood ）的定义和种类1、语气：是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、 疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We don have dinner in that restaura nt.What an adorable baby it is!（2） 祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如：Open the win dow, please.Take care of your suitcase.（3） 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态 不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、

2、 假设或推测等。如：If I were you, I should study En glish well. May you succeed!二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是 有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如：If it doesn t rain tomowewill climb the mountain.如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的， 或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚 拟条件句。女口 : If he had seen you yesterday, he wou

3、ld have told you about that.如 果他昨天见到你，他会告诉你那件事的。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。列表如下：从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If +主语+助动词的 过去式（were, did, had）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeti ng.If I were you, I should seize the opport unity to go abroad.与过去事实If +主语+had+过去分主语If you had tak

4、e n my advice, youwould相反的假设词+should/would/coulnot have failed in the exam.d/might去分词+have+过与将来事实相反的假设 lf+主语+动词过 去式 lf+主语 +were to+ 动词原形 If+ 主语 +should+ 动词原形（注意不 能是would）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeti ng.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the

5、 sports meeti ng.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Mo nday.1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：If my brother were here, everyth ing would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：If you had take n my advice, you would nt （could n t） have failed exOme.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（

6、不可能）考试不及格。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：If it were Sun day tomorrow, I should （would,could,might） go to see my gran dmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就（可能）去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。4、 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的 虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如：If you had listened to

7、the doctor, you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。Ifyouhadg on etobedearlylast ni ght,youwould no tbesosleep ynow.5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式(1) 省略连词if,构成主谓倒装。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had或should,可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如 :Should he come (If he should come), tell him to call me back.Were I you (If I w

8、ere you), I would not miss the plane.(2) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如：Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things.如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn t been for y,oIucrohueldlpn) t have done it.要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with the

9、m.我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.我本来该完成这项工作的,但我生病了。6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义 仍可以推知。(1) 省去条件从句。如：You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了 If you had wanted to,(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗)(2) 省去主句 (常用以表示愿望 )。如：If my grandmother were with me

10、! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊 !If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了 !三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that 这类句型里，that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”结构，表示某事是重要、奇怪、 自然、 必要等意义。如：Itissuggestedthatpupils(should)wearschooluniforms.It is important that every member (should) obey thes

11、e rules.重要的是每个成员都应该遵守这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：(1) wish 后的宾语从句：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时：had十过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的主观愿望，常用would (could)+动词原形”。I wish I knew the answer to the question.I wish (wished) I hadn t spent so much money.I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would

12、 come soon. 但愿你立刻来。( 2)在 具 有 愿 望 、 请 求 、 建 议 、 命 令 等 主 观 意 愿 的 动 词 ( 如 ：desire,dema nd,advice,i nsist,require,suggest,propose,order,recomme nd,decide )后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之 后。如：I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。【注意】sugge

13、st意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。His pale face suggested that he was in poor health.(2) in sist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。He insisted that he did not murder his wife.3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法（ 1）在带有 even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和 从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如： Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to

14、his office. 即使生了病，他得去办公室。（ 2）由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为 动词的过去式（be用were）或“ha十过去分词”。女口：He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。 注：如果表示的事情可能会发生， 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。4、表语从句中的应用上述动词相应的名词形式作主语 +连系动

15、词构成表语从句，要用虚拟语气，即“ should+动词原形”.常用名词形式有： advice,decision,demand,proposal,request,order,suggestion His suggestion was that the meeting （should） be delayed.5、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在It is time （that） 句型中定语从句的谓 语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是 该干某事的时 候了 。如：It s （high） time we did our homewor我们该做作业了。6、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法（1）

16、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌， 或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。（2）在一些习惯表达中。如：I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。（3）用 “may+ 动词原形 ”表示祝愿、 但愿”，此时 may 须置于句首（多用于 正式文体中）。如：May you be hap py!祝你快乐！ May good luck be yours 祝你顺禾 U。补充：1. 在if only感叹句中，表示“但愿”，“要是就

17、好了 ”用法和wish基本相 同，只是比 wish 具有更强烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. （对将来的虚拟 ）但愿雨能停。If only I had followed your advice! （对过去的虚拟 ）要是我听从了你的建议就好了！2. 由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气1）lest “以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“ should+动词原形”。He took a map with him lest he （should ） lose his wag there.2）whether “不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形

18、。All things, whether you know or dontknow, exist in the world.3）用“would rather/had rather表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语 用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求， 用过去时表示对现在的愿望， 用过去完 成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everything hadnthappened in the past.3. 情态动词+havedone”的用法：musthavedone 表示对过去事情的肯定推测。cant/coul

19、dnthavedone 表示对过去所发生的事情所做的否定推测。mayhaved one表示过去所发生的事情作可能性推测。might/couldhavedone 表示对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测，或者表示本来可 以做而事实上未做的事情。should/oughttohavedone 表示本应该做的事情而事实上未做neednthavedone 表示做了本不应该做的事情。巩固练习：1. We demanded that we of any change in the plan.A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been in

20、formed2. It s necessary that he a recognized qualification.A. has B. haveC. hadD. having3. Its high time we our attention to this problem.A. turned B. turn C. had turnedD. would turn4. If only you him what I said! Everything would have been all right.A. didnt told B. hadnt told C. would not tellD. w

21、ould have not told5. He must have had an accident, or he here then.A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be6. You to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.A. neednt go B. should not goC. had better not go D. neednt have gone7. How I wish every family _ a lar

22、ge house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken9. Janepsale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has10. The bus driver insisted that he at normal speed and