新概念1练习宾语从句

1、1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语 ）句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同 成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who ，what，which 等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer， please？你能告诉我谁知道答案 吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜 子里有什么东西？ 2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常 见的连接词有：whose，wha

2、t，which，howmany，how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class 他问我们班上谁的书 法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房 间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连 接词有：who （ m）， what ，which，how many，how much，when，why，how， where，ifwhether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt d

3、ecided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这 笔钱吗？ 4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定 语。常见的连接词有：1 / 12what ，which， how many，how much，how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was 她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1

4、）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that引导， that 无词义，在口语或非正 式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工 作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为 是否 。 如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么 多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether ： 在具有选择意义，又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not

5、 连用时，往 往用 whether （if or no也t 可以使用）。如：I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（ I dont know whether or not he does anywashing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用 whether 。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether

6、we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑 是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我担心是否伤了她的感情。2 / 12 在不定式前用 whether 。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老 人。I dont know whether to go 我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车 去还是坐火车去。 whether 置

7、于句首时，不能换用 if 。如：Whether this is true or not ， I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether 。如：The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽 车。 若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether 。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我 今天早上

8、你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内 容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用 相应的任何时态。如：3 / 12He tells me that his sister came back yesterday 他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来 了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选 用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形 式。如： The children didnt know who he was 孩子们不知道他是谁。 He asked his father h

9、ow it happened 他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作 等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。4注意：if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种 从句中的意思和用法的不同。if 和 when 引导宾语从句时，分别意为 是否和何时 ，其时态应和主句时 态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为 如果，假如 和当时候 ，当 主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现

10、在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句 和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope，decide，wish，choose， agree，promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：4 / 12Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.opes Ltoi Mbein bga hck very soon.

11、We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是 know，learn，rember，forget ，tell 等动词，且主句主语 与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 +不定式 结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how toopen the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是 tell ， ask，show，teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主 语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 +不定式结构。例如：Could you tell me how

12、 I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to getto the station ？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order（命令）， require（需要）等时，如果主句和从 句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为 名词（代词） +不定式 结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmasterordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted th

13、at he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time andthe place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为 宾语 +V-ing 形式（作宾语补足语） 结 构。例如：5 / 12Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Pinwallet lying

14、 on the ground.方法六：动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进 行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.thicksnow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy习题（一）1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. tookB. takeC. takesD. w

15、ill take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never goneB. had never goneC. has never beenD. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. hadB. has .6 / 12C. will haveD. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could sheB. she couldC. she canD. she may5 Lin

16、da said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelledB. has travelledC. travelsD. had travelled答案:1-5 A D C B C习题（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. whoB. whatC. whenD. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.7 / 12A. whatB. ifC. whenD. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. thatB.

17、 whatC. whichD. who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would beB. if would he beC. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B whereC. whatD. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the acciden

18、t.A whom B which C who D whose8 / 12答案:1-7 C B B A AA C习题（三）1. They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _.A.

19、whose pen is itB. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it isD. whose pen was it4. You must rember .A. what your mother saidB. what did your mother sayC. your mother said whatD. what has your mother said5 Did you know _?A. who he was looking afterB. who was he looking for9 / 12C. who he is looking forD. who

20、he is looking after6 Could you tell me _ ?A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave BeijingD. when did they leave Beijing答案:1-6 B D B A A C1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _Who Moved My Cheesewas an interestingbook. 北（ 京市东城区 ）A. thatB. howC. whatD. if-He will help us with our English. （杭州市 ）A. whyB. whenC. howD. where3. -We never know _ the old m an is.-