重庆医科大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语试题（样题）

1、重庆医科大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语试题（样题）考试时间：3小时part ivocabulary (10 points)section a (5 points)directions:in each item, chose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. mark out your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.1. th

2、e public usually regards the theory of public opinion as controversial.a.practical b.disputablec.reasonabled.soluble2. the serious illness deprived him of his sight and the use of his leg.a.robbedb.excludedc.disabledd.gripped3. if a cat comes too close to its nest, the mocking bird initiates a set o

3、f actions to protect its off-spring.a.hastensb.triggersc.devisesd.releases4. the flowers on the table were a manifestation of the childs love for his mother.a.a demonstrationb.a combinationc.a satisfactiond.an infestation5. handling preschoolers fears is often of understanding their fantasies.a.beha

4、viorb.habitc.hobbyd.imagination6. the devastating earthquake last month caused hundreds of people homeless.a.unguardedb.overwhelmingc.destructived.evil7. on hearing of the case some time later, conan doyle was convinced that the man was not guilty, and immediately went to work to ascertain the truth

5、.a.exploreb.obtainc.verifyd.search8. fear of pirate raids caused the spaniards to fortify their coastline.a.armsb.invasionsc.shipsd.cruelty9. the poor woman did not sleep all night and was completely worn out.a.consumedb.exhaustedc.groundd.smashed10. mountain life produces a strong, tough breed of m

6、en.a.generationb.geniusc.typed.gangsection b (5 points)directions:in each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. mark out your choice on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.11. a patient who is dyi

7、ng of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily _.a.diminishedb.alleviatedc.replacedd.abolished12. in principle, a person whose conduct was caused by mental disorder should not be liable to criminal _.mit

8、ment13. cut off by the storm, they were forced to _ food for several days.a.go in forb.go overc.go withoutd.go out14. getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for _ vitamins.a.exceptionalb.exceedingc.excessd.external15. for some rare cases, the doctor do

9、es not base his diagnosis on the patients _ only but also on the results of plaintsb.reportsc.statementsd.symptoms16. the army and navy of that country were reformed in _ with western models after the second world war.a.consequenceb.agreementc.accordanced.contact17. please come and help m

10、e with this form because i dont know how to _ it.a.set aboutb.set asidec.set offd.set up18. the salesmans _ annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave in.a.enduranceb.assistancec.resistanced.persistence19. does brain power _ as we get older? scientists now have some surprising answers.a.collapseb.de

11、scendc.deduced.decline20. all experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully _ the risks and benefits.a.weighingb.valuingc.evaluatingd.distinguishingpart iireading comprehension(40 points)passage 1yellow feverhopes for victory over the disease of yellow fever were r

12、aised still further when one of a team of rockefeller doctors, studying yellow fever in ghana, scored a major victory in the summer of 1927. visiting a village where there was an outbreak, the doctor took blood from a goodlooking young african, asibi by name, who had a mild touch of fever. the docto

13、r now injected some of his blood into four animals including one monkey that had just arrived from india. only the monkey went down with yellow fever. for the first time the virus of the disease had been passed into an animal other than man. having animals that could be given the disease opened the

14、way to new lines of experiments.the asibi virus was kept going from monkey to monkey. in this way they gradually developed a virus whose power to make people ill had been greatly lowered. but still it had enough strength to develop resistance in human beings. so from the blood of a west african a va

15、ccine was finally developed that now protects millions of people from yellow fever.such, then, was the point reached in 1932. yellow fever appeared to be on the way out, at least in the americas. then there occurred an outbreak in a country district in brazil. this was strange, since yellow fever ha

16、d always been believed to be a disease of the city, one that people caught by being bitten in their own homes by the city type of mosquitoes, bred within a hundred yards of their houses. something much more surprising, however, was in store for the members of the brazilian yellow fever service, when

17、 they reached the area. there was yellow fever in the district, without doubt. the service found it was present by all the standard tests. but there were no city-type mosquitoes, not one.one morning a doctor went into the jungle with some woodcutters. he wanted to collect mosquitoes, but they werent

18、 biting. the doctor was just ready to leave, when one of the men shouted that a tree was about to fall. he stood back and watched the great mass come down. sunlight streamed through the hole made in the roof of the jungle and from the upper branches of the fallen tree rose a cloud of blue mosquitoes

19、 which circled around the men.so it was learned that these blue mosquitoes, relatively rare on the floor of the jungle, exist in great numbers in the treetops. there too, the monkeys live. this discovery completed a chain of facts about the way jungle yellow fever is caught and spread. it is mainly

20、a disease of monkeys in the jungle treetops. they are infected by the bites of several kinds of mosquitoes. blue mosquitoes being one of the most common attackers. the pattern is carried on from monkey to mosquito and back to monkey. but men going into the jungle may also get the disease, particular

21、ly if their work disturbs the roof of the jungle. if the man bitten by an infected mosquito then returns to a city where there are mosquitoes of the city type, he may start again the pattern of man to mosquito to man.21. a further advance in the fight against yellow fever was made when it was discov

22、ered that the disease could be passed from _.a.man to mosquitob.animal to manc.animal to mosquitod.man to animal22. jungle yellow fever can only exist where there are _.a.any type of mosquitoesb.blue mosquitoesc.monkeysd.animals and mosquitoes23. the doctors in this in this story were interested in

23、discovering _.a. the pattern of the diseaseb. the signs of yellow feverc. the kind of people who get the diseased. how monkeys stay healthy24. an interesting finding in this story is that _.a. only one type of mosquitoes carries yellow feverb. at least two types of mosquitoes carry yellow feverc. an

24、y mosquitoes can carry the diseased. monkeys are necessary in keeping yellow fever goingpassage 2a leap in thoughtyouve had a problem, youve thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! when you werent thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to y

25、ou, as a gift from the gods.of course all ideas dont come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. they burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. how they do it is a mystery. psychology does not yet understand even the ordinary proc

26、esses of conscious thought, but the emergence of new ideas by a “leap in thought” is particularly intriguing, because they must have come from somewhere. for the moment let us assume that they come from the “unconscious”. this is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental pro

27、cesses which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming know.it seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signa

28、ls become.but growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed. this initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, of order out of disorder, of shape

29、 from what was formless. the mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so as to form a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived from experience and stored in memory. intuitions arise from richly unified experience.this process of the establishment of new from must occur in patter

30、n of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold of consciousness, which interact and combine to from more comprehensive patterns. experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of

31、the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even when the sense organs are at rest, to maintain the activity of the thousand million brain cells. these cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought. no calculatin

32、g machine can do that, for such machines can “only do what we know how to design them to do”, and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown.can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius? is there an art of thought for the ordinary person? certainly ther

33、e is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gifts.25. the description in the first paragraph may imply that _.a. inspiration may come from the godsb. in finding an answer to a problem, inspiration may come only after you have thought ha

34、rd about itc. inspiration may come only when you have forgotten the problemd. whenever you thought about the answer to a problem, you would get a flash of inspiration26. the pronoun “they” in paragraph 2 refers to _.a.“many people”b.the most important peoplec.“many ideas”d.psychologists27. in the se

35、ntence “this is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject”. here “subject” refers to _.a. a school courseb. a topic of a speechc. a person being treated in a certain way or being experimented ond. a citizen28. the writer might want

36、to tell his readers that _.a. successful persons depend on their inspirationsb. we ordinary people had better not blindly count on any practical conclusion from experience of genius, but find our own way to use our own giftsc. there is no genius at alld. none of the abovepassage 3experiments have be

37、en carried out on volunteers to see what happens when all sensations are stopped. this can be done in several ways. one method is to put a man inside a completely isolated room. this room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely dark. there is no light or sound and the person is instructed just to li

38、e motionless on a bed. people have stayed in rooms such as this for as long as four days. the results of sensory deprivation (sd) vary with the individual.soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four hours. these ar

39、e gross estimates for there was nothing by which the subjects could determine the time which had elapsed. we know for certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that he had had a nap of less than one hour. according to the monitoring microphone, which was capable of picking up th

40、e deep breathing of sleep, it seems more likely that most subjects slept all of the first twenty-four hours.we felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in sd early in the morning. we reasoned that after a nights sleep our confined

41、subject would be unable to dissipate (驱散) the effects of sd by sleeping. such was not the case. as far as we could determine they went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the previous subjects. we then started entering the subjects at midmorning, midday, and mid-afternoon. as it turne

42、d out, it made no difference when during the day and, presumably, during the night we started the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about the same.we had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. in fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite. sd was a

43、 very novel situation for our subjects, and as such, we reasoned, it should have occupied them for some time. i had a similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was greatly surprised to learn that the russian astronaut yuri gagarin had been able to sleep during his space flight aroun

44、d the earth.other effects were also noted. with no real sensations to work on, the brain makes up all sorts of false information. many people experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉). when they are finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light and sound, they are in a ve

45、ry strange state of mind, ready to believe anything and not really able to make decisions.29. this passage is mainly about _.a. how to have a sound sleepb. what causes loss of sensationsc. what will happen if sensations were lostd. how to lose sensations30. what does “subjects” para 3, line2) mean i

46、n this passage?a. any member of a state except the supreme ruler.b. something to be talked or written about or studied.c. person, animal or thing to be treated or dealt with.d. theme on which a composition is based.31. we can probably infer from the passage that _.a. most astronauts are unable to fa

47、ll asleep in spaceb. a period of sensory deprivation would make a person hard to controlc. many people are subject to fantasy while in the sensory deprivation celld. microphones are used to control the breathing of subjects32. all of the following are the results of sensory deprivation except that _

48、.a. most subjects fell asleep and slept for a long timeb. some subjects didnt know how many hours they spent sleepingc. it took a long time for the subjects to adapt themselves to sensory celld. many subjects became credulous right after sensory deprivationpassage 4i came across an old country guide

49、 the other day. it listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late victorian countryside.nowadays a superficial traveler in rural england might conclude that the only

50、village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.our local grocers shop, for ex

51、ample, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up at a supermarket. and the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal service has a substantial

52、 cash value.his prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. his assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who h

53、appened to be passing. the more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. they have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them.the village gains from

54、 this sort of enterprise, of course. but i also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.33. the services available in village nowada

55、ys are normally _.a. fewer but still very activeb. less successful than earlier but managing to survivec. active in providing food for the village, and tourist goodsd. surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them34. the local grocers shop is expanding _.a. because women spend a lot

56、of their tie there just gossipingb. even though town shops are larger and rather cheaperc. in spite of the fact that people like to shop where they are less well-knownd. for people get frozen food as well as antiques35. how do the village grocers assistants feel about giving extra service?a. they te

57、nd to forget itb. they will not consider itc. it does not seem worth their whiled. they take it for granted36. another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is that _.a. there is a very wide range of goods availableb. rare goods are obtained whenever they are neededc. special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customersd. goods are always restocked before they run outpassage 5until about 200 years ago. change was so slow that people presumed that the