教学设计(第六、七课时

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsUsing language主备人： 俸桂美一、内容及其解析1、内容及其解析本节课要学的内容：通过阅读一篇关于万有引力的文章，使学生了解万有引力三阶段的变化，并能提高学生阅读技能，激发他们学习兴趣。二、教学目标及解析目标定位：1、能通读全文，把握文章大意，搜索文章关键信息；2、了解有关万有引力的三大变化；3、掌握本节课所听的重点单词、短语；目标解析：1、能通读全文，把握文章大意，搜索文章关键信息指的是学生通过阅读文章，知道文章大意，知道文章的中心思想。2、了解有关万有引力的三大变化指的是知道什么是万有引力的三大

2、变化。3、掌握本节课所听的重点单词、短语指的是能掌握本节课的重点单词、短语，学会运用这些单词、短语。三、问题诊断与分析在本节课的教学中，学生可能遇到的问题是大部分学生词汇量少的缘故影响对文章的理解。对细节内容抓不到关键，解决问题的关键是让学生多听几次录音；以小组为单位一起查阅词汇讨论，并多给学生一些指导，以便学生尽快解决这一些问题，以达到预期的教学效果。四、教学支持条件：课件、黑板、录音机、磁带五、教学过程问题一:同学们你们能根据课文做下列题型吗？ 1. The passage is mainly about _? A. introduction of the moon B. the grav

3、ity that I felt on my way to the moon C. my visit to the moon D. my friend Yan ping, an astronomer2. According to the text, we know that the force of the gravity would change_ times. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 53. When did the author feel strongest of the gravity of the earth? A. On the moon. B. On the half

4、way to the moon. C. At the very beginning D. On their leaving from the moon4. What causes the writer to feel that he becomes weightless on the moon? A. Spaceship B. Gravity C. His friend D. His Good feelings of the moon5. From the text we can know if a man grows up on the moon, _. A. he will grow ta

5、ller than on the earth B. he will grow shorter than on the earthC. he will become fatter D. he will become weightlessSuggested answer: C B C B A设计意图：通过阅读文章，领略文章大意，搜索文章关键信息。问题二: 同学们根据文章请你补充下列题型。 The force of gravity changes 3 timesChange 1When we are trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity, i

6、t is so hard that we could not say anything to each other.Change 2When we are in space, we feel as if there is no gravity at all.Change 3When we are on the moon, we are able to move more freely and certainly _weigh_less.设计意图：通过文章内容，分析文章结构，总结整理文章信息。问题三: 同学们会运用下面语言知识点吗？1. pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引(力)归纳拓展pul

7、l apart拉开；分开；扯断pull away(汽车)开走；把抛在后面pull in进站；吸引pull out离站；(使)摆脱困境pull over靠路边停车pull through恢复健康；完成(十分困难的事)pull up使车停住pull down贬低(人)；拆毁(建筑物)Eg: He gave a strong pull at the rope.他用力拉了拉绳子。Tom jumped onto the bus just as it was pulling away. 公共汽车正要开走时，汤姆跳了上去。He succeeded in pulling through the difficu

8、lty. 他平安地渡过了难关。The workers are trying to pull down the dangerous houses.工人们正在努力拆毁那些危房。变式练习：用pull的短语填空：(1)Houses were_to make way for a new highway.(2)Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will_.(3)John_behind me and parked.(4)Be careful when you_of the driveway.答案：(1)pulled down(2)pull throu

9、gh(3)pulled in (4)pull out2. Cheer vt.&vi.(使)高兴；(对)欢呼n愉快，欢呼；喝彩归纳拓展(1)cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的cheering n. 欢呼，喝彩 adj.令人振奋的，令人高兴的Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！(2)cheer up使高兴，使振奋；高兴起来，振作起来cheer sb.on(比赛中)激励某人；为某人加油Eg: The good news cheered everybody who heard it. 好消息使每一个听到的人感到高兴。The spectators cheered the runners on. 观众用

10、喝彩声为赛跑选手加油。Cheer up！Our trouble will soon be over. 振作起来！我们的困难很快就会过去。变式练习：(1)_ _！ The news isnt too bad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。(3)The crowd _ their favorite horse _.观众都替他们看好的马加油。 答案： Cheer up，cheered，cheered on3. break out (火灾、战争等)突

11、然发生，爆发(无被动语态)归纳拓展break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈规等)break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；坍塌；中止；(化合物等)分解break in 破门而入，突然闯入；打断(话语等)break into 破门而入；突然起来break off 折断；突然中止；断绝，结束break through 突破，突围break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期终放假，(集会)结束Eg: They had escaped to America shortly before the war broke out in 1939.1939

12、年战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。It was at midnight that a fire broke out. 就是在午夜发生了一起火灾。When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放假过圣诞节？Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 她的身体因工作压力垮掉了。变式练习：介、副词填空(1)She started to speak, then broke _ while a waitress served us with coffee.(2)He lost his job and his ma

13、rriage broke _.(3)Her health broke _ under the pressure of work.(4)Should another world war break _， what would become of human beings?(5)Firemen had to break the door _ to reach the people trapped inside.(6)The meeting broke _ at eleven oclock.答案：0ff up down out down up4. .“walking does need a bit

14、of practice now that gravity has changed.”“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”句中now that 意为“既然，由于”，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中that常可省略。归纳拓展其他引导原因状语从句的连词：because，since，as，for(1)because “因为”，表示理由充分、必然的因果关系，回答以why 开头的问句。(2)since “既然”，可与 now that 互换，表示显而易见的原因，侧重主句。(3)as 比 because语气弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因，主句和从句并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果。(

15、4)for “因为”，并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，对上文起补充说明作用。Now that(since)the kids have left home，weve got a lot of extra space.既然孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就宽敞了。Eg: As you were out，I left a message. 你出去了，所以我留了一张字条儿。He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。We listened eagerly，for he brought news o

16、f our families.我们急不可待地听着，因为他带来了我们家人的消息。变式练习：(1) _ you are free tonight，why not go to see the movie with me?AAs if BFor CEven if DNow that【解析】答案D 连词now (that)引导原因的原因状语从句。as if “好像”；even if “即使”；并列连词for引导的原因分句需放在第一分句后作为解释性说明。5. But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on

17、the earth and fell over.但是当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。本句中含有表达倍数的结构，倍数twice用来修饰形容词的原级比较as far as。归纳拓展英语中常见的表示倍数的结构：(1)“A谓语倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(2)“A谓语倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(3)“A谓语倍数the名词(size/height/length/width，etc.)ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。Eg: This room is three times as b

18、ig as that one.This room is twice bigger than that one.This room is three times the size of that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。(比那个房间大两倍)诱导展望句式中表倍数的数字处也可为分数、百分数、half等词。This room is half the size of that one.这个房间是那个房间的一半大。变式练习：(1)Our family will move to a new flat in the city center，and the new one is _ the old

19、one.Atwice the size of Bas twice big asCthe twice size as Dbigger than twice【解析】答案A 考查倍数表达方式其中的一种：A谓语倍数the名词(size/height/length/width，etc.)ofB，表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。句意为：我们家要搬到市中心的一座新楼，新房子的面积是老房子的两倍大。(2) Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.Atwice as much protein Btwice protein as manyCtwice prote

20、in as much Dprotein as twice much【解析】答案 A 句意为：美国人每天所食用的蛋白质是他们实际需要的两倍。表达倍数的方法是.times as.as.，在两个as之间可用many(修饰可数名词)，much(修饰不可数名词)和其他相应的词，protein是不可数名词，所以答案是A项。6. watch out 注意；当心watch out(for) look out (for)密切注意；留神take care 留神，注意be careful 仔细，留神watch it 当心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注

21、视变式练习：(1)_ _！ There is a car coming! 当心！有车来了！(2)_ _ _ cars while crossing the road.过马路时要当心车辆。(3)_ _ not to catch a cold._ _ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。答案：Watch out，Watch out for， Be careful，Take care设计意图：分析同类词组，归纳总结重点词汇的用法，扩充学生词汇量。六、课堂小结：这两节课主要学习一篇有关万有引力的文章，并组织学生讨论关于这一话题。七、目标检测：fill in the blanks ac

22、cording to the passage on page30.Last month I visited the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of g_ would change three times on our journey. Then we took off. As we left the earth, I became very h_. Gradually the weight l_. When I was in space, it d_. We f_ weightlessly in the

23、cabin and I c_ _. When I was on the moon, I was surprised to find out even walking needs lots of practice n_ _ gravity changed. The returning of the earth was very f_. We were amazed to watch fire b_ _ on the outside of the ship. Suggested answers: gravity, heavy, lessened, disappeared, floated, che

24、ered up, now that, frightening, break out八、配餐练习A组：fill in the blanks with phrases in the boxbreak out now that cheer up in time prevent from 1. Whenever I am sad, he always thinks up a good idea to make me _.2. If you wont listen to your parents, youll feel sorry _.3. Should another world war _? Wha

25、t would become of human beings?4._ youve got your job, you shouldnt depend on your parents any more.5. We should take some measures to _the river _ being polluted.Suggested answer: cheer up, in time, break out, now that, prevent.fromB组：multiple choice(1)She _ her car suddenly at a red light and I ne

26、arly hit her car.Apulled up Bpulled down Cpulled in Dpulled out【解析】答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在红灯前她突然把车停下，我差点撞上她的车。pull up“停车，把车停下”，符合题意。pull down“拆毁，摧毁”；pull in“进站”；pull out“驶出(车站)等，(使)摆脱困境”。(2) Im thinking of the test tomorrow. Im afraid I cant pass this time. _！Im sure youll make it.AGo aheadBGood luck CN

27、o problemDCheer up【解析】答案D句意为：我正在考虑明天考试的问题，恐怕这次我会不及格。振作起来！我相信你会通过的。根据上下文只有Cheer up“振作起来”符合题意，而Go ahead继续，Good luck好运气，No problem没问题，均不符合题意。(3)When a fire _ in the downtown high-rise apartment in Shanghai on Nov.15,2010，fifty eight people lost their lives.Abroke off Bbroke out Cbroke down Dbroke up【解析

28、】答案 B break off“折断，中止”；break out“(战争、火灾等)突然爆发”；break down“出故障；(身体)垮掉”；break up“破碎、解散”。题干中说的是火灾突然发生，故符合题意的只有B项。(4) Dr. Frank failed many times but he finally _ to find a successful way to solve the problem.Abroke off Bbroke through Cbroke down Dbroke up【解析】答案 B 考查break动词短语。从句意看，break through表示“突破”，符合

29、语境。break off“折断，中止，断绝”；break down“抛锚，坍塌”；break up“打碎，解散；(学校)放假”。句意为：弗兰克医生失败了多次，但他最终突破困境找到一种成功解决这个问题的方法。(5) _，dear！Things wont be as bad as you think. There certainly will be chances for you.AHurry up BLook up CCheer up DMake up【解析】答案 C 考查情景交际。句意为：亲爱的，振作起来！事情并不像你想象得那么糟。你一定还有机会。Cheer up！“振作起来，别灰心！”用于鼓

30、励对方。Hurry up“抓紧时间，赶快”，用于催促某人；Look up“向上看”；Make up固定短语，意为“组成；弥补；编造”。(6)The nurse tried to _ up the little boy when he started to cry.Acheer Bdress Cget Dmake【解析】答案 A 句意为：当这个小男孩开始哭时，护士设法让他高兴起来。cheer sb. up“使高兴，使振奋起来”，符合题意。(7)Though its a challenging job, he did it _ it took me.Aone third a time Bone t

31、hird timeCthe one third time Done third the time解析：答案D 考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数then.”结构。(8)What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long.Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half asCnot half as wide as Das wide as not half【解析】答案C考查倍数比较 halfas.as。C组：readingSome futurologists have assumed th

32、at the vast upsurge(剧增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the e

33、arnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision.Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to putting off marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are c

34、oncerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy comes to life, the number of marriages also rises.The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause and effect conclusions. The impact of a wifes work on divorce is

35、 no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible(似是而非的). Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a k

36、ey role in ending a marriage. By raising a familys standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her familys financial and emotional stability.Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her

37、 only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. Also, a major part of womens inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have re

38、mained the main breadwinners. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities. 1. The word “portend” (line 2, para.1) is closest in meanin

39、g to“_” A. defy B. signal C. suffer from D. result from答案解析:B。词义题。根据句意不难理解portend是“预示”的意思。signal也有“显示”的意思；defy不服从，反抗；suffer from忍受，遭受；result from由产生。2. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides _. A. men would choose working women as their marriage partners B. more women would get married to seek financial security C. even working women would worry about their marriages D. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being 答案解析: D。细节题。题干的the economy slides等于原文的economic downturns。第一段提到经济低