考研英语(一)模拟试题一

1、 考研英语（一）模拟试题一section i use of englishdirections: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmarka, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)black death that drove newton from his college and into a momentous discovery,england in 1665. astronomical records of the time

2、show that 2 was a year of intense sunspotactivity, and studies of annual tree 3 , which are wider when the sun is disturbed, 4 that the1terrible plague of 1348 was 5this sounds incredible, 6accompanied by an active sun.we now have evidence that the sun has a direct effect on someof our body 7 . over

3、 120 000 tests were made on people in a black sea8to measure thenumber of lymphocytes in their blood. these small cells normally 9of mans white blood cells, but in years of great solar activity thisbetween 20 and 25 percent10 decreases. there was abig drop during the sunspot years of 1986 and 1987,

4、and number of people11 from diseasescaused by a lymphocyte deficiency 12 doubled during the tremendous solar explosion of february1986.many of the bodysmagnetic 14 . if this is so, one13seem to be influenced by sun-induced changes in the earths15 to find that the nervous system, which depends onelec

5、trical stimuli, would be the most 16 . a study of 5 580 coal-mine accidents17 the ruhrriver shows that most occurred on the day following solar activity. studies of traffic accidents inrussia and in germany show that these increase, by as much as fourafter the 19 of a solar flare. this suggests that

6、 accidents may be18 the average, on days20 a disturbance deeperthan a simple decrease in reaction time. these results make it clear that man in, among other things,a remarkably sensitive living sundial.1. a blanketed2. a thisb sweptb suchc coveredc sod spreadd either3. a rings4. a survey5. a stillb

7、cyclesb revealb evenc circlesc predictc thend roundsd released also6. a but7. a chemistry8. a retreatb becauseb constructionb reserveb take overb figureb sufferb actuallyb operationsb fieldc unlessc physiologyc resortc make upc shared whend constitutiond refuged set offd proportiond to suffer9. a pu

8、t in10. a number11. a suffered12. a unexpectedly13. a performances14. a environment15. a would expect16. a affected17. a besidec sufferingc disappointedly d practicallyc functionsc layerc expectc protectedc byd workingsd shelld expectedd connectedd onb expectsb respectedb at 18. a times above19. a f

9、ormation20. a due tob timeb explosionb apt forc times inc eruptionc all butdtimesdpropulsiond prior tosection ii reading comprehensionpart adirectionsr:ead the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a,b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)text 1ov

10、er the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breastenlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. according to dr. dai davies,of the plastic surgery partnership in hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients arenot chasing physical

11、perfection. rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve theirappearance by a desire to look normal. what we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what isprescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. they give us look like that.in america, the debate is no longer

12、about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on whatage people should be before going under the knife. new york surgeon dr. gerard imberrecommends maintenance work for people in their thirties. the idea of waiting until one needs aheroic transformation is silly, he says. by then, youve wasted

13、 20 great years of your life andallowed things to get out of hand. dr. imber draws the line at operating on people who are under18, however, it seems that someone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt beconsidering plastic surgery.in the uk cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the

14、exclusive domain of the very rich andfamous. but the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the mostadvanced laser technology within the reach of most people. dr. davies, who claims to cater for theaverage person, agrees. he says: i treat a few of the rich and fam

15、ous and an awful lot ofsecretaries. of course, 3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. but it is also an investment for lifewhich costs about half the price of a good family holiday.dr. davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removaltechniques that allow patien

16、ts to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helpedpromote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. yet, as one woman who recently paid 2,500forliposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgeryveteran is a deceptively gentle one. i had my l

17、egs done because theyd been bugging me for years.but going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. now i dont thinktheres any operation that i would rule out having if i could afford it.21. according to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is toa be physically healt

18、hy.b look more normal.c satisfy appetite. d be accepted by media.22. according to the third paragraph, dr. davies implies thata cosmetic surgery, though costly, is worth having.b cosmetic surgery is too expensive.c cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average person.d cosmetic surgery is mainl

19、y for the rich and famous.23. the statement draws the line at operating on people (para. 2) is closest in meaning toa removing wrinkles from the face.b helping people make up.c enjoying operating.d refusing to operate.24. it can be inferred from the text thata it is wise to have cosmetic surgery und

20、er 18.b cosmetic surgery is now much easier.c people tend to abuse cosmetic surgery.d the earlier people have cosmetic surgery, the better they will be.25. the text is mainly abouta the advantage of having cosmetic surgery.b what kind of people should have cosmetic surgery.c the reason why cosmetic

21、surgery is so popular.d the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery.text 2in nature as in culture, diversity can be a difficult concept. understanding it is one thing,accepting it another, especially when diversity means not only acknowledging a pre-existingmixture of difference-the very ampleness o

22、f the world-but also accommodating an adjustment tothe existing state of things. a case in point is the reintroduction of gray wolves in yellowstonenational park. thirty-three wolves were released in 1995, and their number has now reached 97.population expansion is one measure of the wolf programs s

23、uccess, but a better one is the wolvesimpact on the natural diversity of the park.typically, a pack of the yellowstone wolves kills a big deer very few days. but over theremains the wolves abandon, a wonderful new diversity has emerged. since their arrival, wolveshave killed many of the parks coyote

24、s (丛林郎), a smaller kind of wolf. the reduction in coyoteshas caused an increase in rodents such as mice, rabbits and squirrels, which also benefits a widerange of predators. even the coyotes that live at the margins of wolf country have prospered, thanksto the leftovers the wolves leave behind. so d

25、o grizzly bears, which feed on wolf-kilted deer beforebeginning hibernation or winter sleep.what has interested scientists is the swiftness, the dynamism, of this shift in diversity. therehas been, however, no matching dynamism in the opinion of humans who oppose the wolfreintroduction. that was mad

26、e plain by a federal district judges recent order to remove thewolves, the result or a legal process that is the offspring of inflexibility. several livestock groups,including the wyoming farm bureau, had filed a suit that urged, in slightly cleverer terms, the oldproposition, no wolves, no problems

27、. several environmental groups had flied a separatelawsuit-unconnected to the yellowstone wolves-protesting the dropping of legal protection for wolves that were recolonizing idaho. the two suits were unfortunately merged.though judge william downes stayed his own decision, pending appeal, his judgm

28、ent is a sadencouragement to the mistaken defensiveness of most ranchers or cattle farmers. it is also amisunderstanding of the purpose of the environmentalists suit. his decision needs to be swiftly anddecisively overturned on appeal. it is no exaggeration to say that since the return of the wolves

29、,yellowstone has witnessed an economy of diversity from which human culture-including theculture of ranching-can directly profit, if only it chooses to do so.26. since the arrival of 33 wolves in the yellowstone national park,a a dynamic biological chain has started to functionb animals kept in the

30、park have had enough foodc some animals that are not wanted have been vanishingd the attraction of the park is greatly increased27. the author thinks it unfortunate that the judge shoulda make efforts to accept suits with regard to old issues.b make use of legal means to protect his own interests.c

31、mix up two irrelevant suits and make wolves the victims.d support the protest against canceling legal protections for wolves.28. the author believes that judge william downes was obviously on the side ofa the yellowstone parkb livestock groupsc environmental groupsd federal laws29. commenting on the

32、 yellowstone park wolf program, the authora urges the district judge to reverse his recent order.b criticizes the attitude of environmental groups.c calls on the people to protect wolves everywhered speaks for the interests of most cattle farmers.30. according to the author, the protection of wolves

33、 willa bring about an economic boom to the surrounding farms and ranchesb cause bigger losses of livestock to the parks neighboring farmsc lead to a number of controversies in the societyd prove to be beneficial to all parties concernedtext 3vinton cerf, known as the father of the internet, said on

34、wednesday that the web wasoutgrowing the planet earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outerspace.the internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet,cerf told the first day of the annual conference of the internet society in geneva

35、 where more than1,500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of theinternet.cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the internet froma space mission orbiting another planet such as mars. there is now an effort under way

36、 to designand build an interplanetary internet. the space research community is coming closer and closer and merging. we think that we will see interplanetary internet networks that look very much like theones we use today. we will need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit

37、 databetween these gateways, cerf said.francois fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the european particle physicslaboratory near geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: we need dreams like this. but i dontknow any martian whom id like to communicate with through the internet.cer

38、f has been working with nasas pasadena jet propulsion laboratory-the people behindthe recent mars expedition-to design what he calls an interplanetary internet protocol.hebelieves that astronauts will want to use the internet, although special problems remain withinterference and delay.this is quite

39、 real. the effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few monthsbecause the next mars mission is in planning stages now, cerf told the conference.if we use domain names like earth or mars.jet propulsion laboratory people would becoming together with people from the internet community.

40、 he added.the idea is to take the interplanetary internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure ofthe mars mission.he later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind forfuture technological advances.the whole idea is to create an architecture so the design

41、 woks anywhere. i dont know wherewere going to have to put it but my guess is that well be going out there some time, cerf said.if you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50years from now will become commercial 100 years from now. the internet was the

42、same-itstarted as pure research but now it is commercialized.31. which of the following is the main point of the text?a the development of the internet.b the possibility of space research.c universal information superhighway.d the technological advances of mars mission.32. from the text, we learn th

43、at vinton cerf isa seeking answers to questions about the internet web.b working on interplanetary internet with collaborations of nasa.c trying to commercialize the interplanetary internet.d exploring the possibility of establishing internet network on mars.33. we know from the text that mars missi

44、on isa one of nasas internet projects:b an expedition to mars.c the infrastructure of the interplanetary internet.d to create an architecture on mars.34. according to cerf, the purpose to design interplanetary internet is toa send real-time science data.b communicate with astronauts.c lay foundation

45、 for future technological advances.d commercialize it.35. it can be inferred from the last paragraph thata the dream to build interplanetary internet can be fulfilled in the future. b interplanetary internet will commercialized in 100 years.c the research of internet took 50 years.d it will take a l

46、ong time to build interplanetary internet.text 4material culture refers to the touchable, material things-physical objects that can be seen,held, felt, used-that a culture produces. examining a cultures tools and technology can tell usabout the groups history and way of life. similarly, research int

47、o the material culture of music canhelp us to understand the music-culture. the most vivid body of thing in it, of course, are musicalinstruments. we cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for

48、important informationabout music-cultures in the remote past and their development. here we have two kinds of evidence:instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. through the study of instruments, aswell as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music

49、 from thenear east to china over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of near easterninfluence to europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphonyorchestra.sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. scholars once defined folkmusic-cultures

50、 as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, butresearch shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries ineurope, britain and america. printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize anysong, yet they stimulate peo

51、ple to create new and different songs. besides, the ability to read musicnotation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on themusic-culture as a whole.music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. we now pay more and moreattention to traditional o

52、r ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the fold music aswe do with many traditional cultural heritage. musicians all over the world are busy with recordingclassic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. as always, peoples aspiration willalways focus on their

53、 individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all culturesalike.one more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of theelectronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promisingtalking and singing computer

54、s and other developments. this is all part of theinformation-revolution, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolutionin the nineteenth. these electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affectedmusic cultures all over the globe.36. which of the follo

55、wing does not belong to material culture?a instruments.b music.c paintings. dsheet music.37. the word phonograph (line 6, paragraph 1) most probably meansa record player.bi radio. c musical technique.d music culture.38. the main idea of the first paragraph isa the importance of cultural tools and te

56、chnology.b the cultural influence of the development of civilization.c the focus of the study of the material culture of music.d the significance of the research into the musical instruments.39. which of the following is not an advantage of printed music?a reading of music notation has a great impact on musicians.b people may draw inspiration from it.c the music culture will be influenced by it in the end.d songs tend to be s