高中英语选修7 unit1语法 动词不定式

1、unit 1 living well learning about language 1 fill in the table below. you can use the dictionary to help you. nounadjective ambitious absent suitability benefit annoynance ambition absence suitable beneficial annoyed/annoying nounadjective clumsiness firmness noise psychology encouraging clumsy firm

2、 noisy psychological encouragement 1. how do you measure the length of a race round a racetrack? 2. how would you feel if someone kept talking when you were trying to read? 2 answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit. lap annoyed 3. in what way can a teacher check if you have lea

3、rned the new words by heart? 4. what do you call an item written in a diary or in a dictionary? 5. what kind of instrument does a doctor need to examine viruses in blood? dictation entry microscope 6. how do you describe someone who is happy to meet new people? 7. what do you call students in the sa

4、me year group and the same situation as you? 8. what do you call the behaviour of one student to others? outgoing fellow conduct 3 complete this passage using the words below. there was a time when children with mental disabilities were prevented from living a normal life _. they used to _ in their

5、own homes after being educated in special in many ways sit around adapt to cut out in other words out of breath sit around in many ways make fun of all in all schools. other people sometimes _ them. but now things are changing. there are training programmes for young people with mental disabilities,

6、 which have proved very beneficial. students like xie li, mentally disabled from birth, now have a chance to become athletes. but it is a challenge. she has to _ training programmes as well as mixing with other able-bodied athletes. make fun of adapt to “xie lis confidence has grown,” said her fathe

7、r. “she looks much better and is not so often _ after her training. _ her mother and i are very happy with her progress.” so, instead of _ mainstream activities, mentally disabled students can become part of the mainstream. _ they can lead a more fulfilling life. in other words out of breath all in

8、all cutting out revise the infinitiverevise the infinitive unit 1 grammar 1. it is good to help others. 2. it is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. my ambition is to work in the computer industry when i grow up. identify its

9、function.identify its function. (subject) (subject) (predicative) 想一想想一想 4. i dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. i am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. a big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. my fellow students have begun to accept me for who i am. (

10、attribute) (attribute) (object) (object) 8. i have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. some days i am too tired to get out of bed. 10. we must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial) (adverbial) (object complement) 动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 functions of in

11、finitive 1 主语主语 (subject) 2 表语表语 (predicative) 3 宾语宾语 (object) 4 宾补宾补 (object complement) 5 定语定语 (attribute) 6 状语状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction) 1 不定式作主语不定式作主语 (subject) to keep smiling is healthy for you. its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study engl

12、ish. 单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 若不定式太长若不定式太长, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主语作形式主语, ,不不 定式后置。定式后置。 my job to protect the world. my ambition is to _. is 2 不定式作表语不定式作表语 (predicative) seeing is to believe. to see is believing. seeing is believing. to see is to believe. 不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear,

13、get, remain等后作表语。等后作表语。 all you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略用作表语的不定式可省略to。 yao ming likes to play basketball. i find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win. 3 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 (object) 句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to d

14、o 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish。 你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？你记

15、得哪一条路到那儿吗？ do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗? have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器。我来问他怎么样开这机器。 ill ask him how to operate the machine. 1) 不定式有时和连接代词不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。副词构成宾语。 2) 有时不定式由有时不定式由whether引起。引起。 i didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it. 3) feel, fi

16、nd, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，等动词后如果是不定式做宾语， 补语是形容词补语是形容词(间或是名词间或是名词)，常用，常用it作形作形 式宾语，把不定式后移。式宾语，把不定式后移。 i find it difficult to work with him. 4 不定式作宾补不定式作宾补 (object complement) my mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day. the teacher told me to clean the blackboar

17、d. i expect you to give me some help. 引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词： warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等 +sb to do sth listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe notice 三三 使使 let make have 二听二听 一感觉一感觉: feel + sb do sth （不带不带to） 1. they saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. the boy was seen to fall

18、 suddenly from the tree. 但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：要还原： 2. mother made john wash the car for a week. john was made to wash the car for a week. 3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的 各种形式各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带相反则带to。 1. she could do nothing but cry

19、. 2. i have no choice but to go. 3. what do you like to do besides sleep. 5 不定式作定语不定式作定语 (attribute) 1. kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. 2. tom has a nice pen to write with. 1. 不不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间定式作定语与所修饰的词之间 有三有三种关系：种关系： i have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 he is always the first

20、 to come. 他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 we all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。 (1) 动宾关系动宾关系 (2)主谓关系主谓关系 (3)同位关系同位关系 2. 当名词被当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: she is always the first to come and the last to leave. 3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不

21、定代词常用不定式等复合不定代词常用不定式 做后置定语。做后置定语。 注意比较：注意比较： 1) have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？ 2) have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you） （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是的动作执行者是 已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else） 5. 如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需则后面需 适当的介

22、词。适当的介词。 please pass me some paper to write _. on 4. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 there is no one to take care of her. i have no jewelry to wear. i got up early to _. you came here to_. in order to, so as to, enough to, only to, too . to catch the train 6 不定式作状语不定式作状语 (adverbial) 在一些短语中也有体现

23、在一些短语中也有体现 eg: he spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. 1. 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to so/ such as to do 不定式作状语不定式作状语 2. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作 状语状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。 eg: im

24、 glad / pleased to see you. we were surprised to hear the news. so + adj. / adv. + as to do such + adj. + n. +as to do adj. / adv.+ enough + to do too + adv. / adj. +to do he was so foolish as to believe it. = he was such a fool as to believe it. = he was foolish enough to believe it. 3. 结果状结果状语语: :

25、常与常与only , enough 或或too连用连用 he studied hard only to fail the exam. to tell the truth, i am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be honest to tell the truth 7 独立结构独立结构 (absolute construction) 8. 不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构： 不定式的否定结构多由不定式的否定结构多由“not +不定式不定式”构成，构成， 否定副词否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于

26、 to前。前。 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。 please tell your child not to play in the street. 她检查名字为了不犯错误。她检查名字为了不犯错误。 she checked the names so as not to make mistakes. 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态 形形 式式 主主 动动 被被 动动 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式 完成进完成进 行式行式 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing to be done t

27、o have been done (1) they pretended not to see us. (2) he pretended to be sleeping. (3) she pretended to have known it before. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发发 生在它之后。生在它之后。) (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也不定式的动作也 正在进行。正在进行。) (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。) (4) were happy to have been working w

28、ith you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, 不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也 继续。继续。) 不定式的时态不定式的时态 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式 to do i am glad to see you. he has decided to give her some money. 表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。在它之后发生。 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式to be doing i am very g

29、lad to be working with you. he pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him. 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生。作同时发生。 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have done he happened to have seen the film before. the novel is believed to have been translated into chinese. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作 或状态之前

30、。或状态之前。 he wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time. 表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划 hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned he would like to have played the violin at the concert. 不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后边表示后边表示 未能实现的愿望。未能实现的愿望。 不定式的语态不定式的语态 主动语态主动语态 to do

31、被动语态被动语态 to be done it is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting. everyone likes the hero to be praised. we asked him to stay till the next day, but he refused to. are you a teacher? yes, and i have to be. what we want to do now is lie down and have a good rest. i didnt say anything but

32、 to make a gesture. 省略省略to与省略与省略do 1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing) 2. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 3. would rather do 4. would rather + 句子（虚拟语气）句子（虚拟语气） 5. advise / allow/ permit/ forbid sb. to do advise / allow / permit/ forbid doing 固定词组和句型固定词组和句型 the question is very difficult to answ

33、er. the problem is difficult to deal with. 1. 主语主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome (使人疲劳的使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc. 主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式 the box is light enough to carry. the river water

34、 is warm enough to swim in. 2. 主语主语+be +adj. + enough +to do the books seemed too heavy to carry. the ice is too thin to skate on. 3. 主语主语+be +too +adj. +to do 1. last summer i took a course on _. a. how to make dresses b. how dresses be made c. how to be made dresses d. how dresses to be made 课堂练兵课

35、堂练兵 2. ive worked with children before, so i know what _ in my new job. a. expected b. to expect c. to be expecting d. expects 3. there are five pairs_, but i am at a loss which to buy. a to be chosen b to choose from c to choose d for choosing 4. i find these problems are easy _. a. to be worked ou

36、t b. to work them out c. to work out d. to be worked them out 5. _ late in the morning, bob turned off the alarm. a. to sleep b. sleeping c. sleep d. having slept 6. i would love _ to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report. a. to go b. having gone c. going d. to have g

37、one 7. john was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. a. to wash b. washing c. wash d. to be washing 8. tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. a. so not as to b. so as not to c. so as to not d. not so as to 9. the patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. a. to eat not b. e

38、ating not c. not to eat d. not eating 1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东卷广东卷) a. having made b. make c. to make d. making 2. leonardo da vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重庆卷重庆卷) a. is said to be bu

39、ying b. is said to have bought c. had said to buy d. has said to have bought 3. i like getting up very early in summer. the morning air is so good _. (2008 全国卷全国卷) a. to be breathed b. to breathe c. breathing d. being breathed 4. did the book give the information you needed? yes. but _ it, i had to

40、read the entire book. (2008 北京卷北京卷) a. to find b. find c. to finding d. finding 5. david threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009 上海卷上海卷) a. to be reported b. reporting c. to report d. having reported 6. with the world changing fast, we have something new _ with al

41、l by ourselves every day. (2009 重庆卷重庆卷) a. deal b. dealt c. to deal d. dealing 7. the children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009 全国卷全国卷i) a. looked at b. to look at c. to looking at d. look at 8. with fathers day around the corner, i have taken some money out of the

42、 bank _ presents for my dad. (2010 全国全国i卷卷) a. buy b. to buy c. buying d. to have bought 9. there were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (2010 江西卷江西卷) a. to discover b. to be discovered c. discovered d .being discovered 10. we were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition

43、. (2010 辽宁卷辽宁卷) a. finding b. to find c. find d. to be found 11. i have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷山东卷) a. completing b. to complete c. completed d. being completed 12. in many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷四川卷) a. to d

44、eal with b. dealing with c. to be dealt with d. dealt with 1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 _ are both great happiness. 2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。 he is said _ _. 3 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。 they are reported _. to love and to be loved to have finished/completed his work 翻译下面的句子。翻译下面的句子。 to have arrived

45、safely 4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 i want this bike _ _. 5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。 mary seemed _. 6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。金牌。 he is known _ a gold medal at the olympics. to be repaired at once to have been told about it to have been given /immediately i want to tell you something

46、 . make up a short passage using make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as the infinitive as much as possible. the beginning of the possible. the beginning of the passage is given below.passage is given below. for examplefor example hi, i want to tell you something. i will go to ruian for shopping this af