2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（40）及答案（2013高考）

1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（40）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 geniuses amaze us，impress us and make us all a little jealous. how do they differ from the average person？scientists are working hard to figure out that answer. tune in to the national geographic channel to find out about the discoveries t

2、heyre making in the series my brilliant brain. when marc yu was only two years old，he began to play the piano. after a year, he started learning pieces by beethoven. now hes a world-famous concert pianist at age eight. he learns newer and more difficult pieces with ease and can identify any note he

3、hears. he seems to be specially designed for music. in born genius, national geographic looks at the science behind child prodigies （神童） to explain why some children seem to be born without limits.geniuses didnt come naturally to tommy mchugh. his came only after he nearly died from bleeding in his

4、brain. after recovering, mchughs head was filled with new thoughts and picture. so, he began to express them in the form of poetry and art. now, hes a seemingly unstoppable creative machine. suffers of brain injury have shown that great mental ability can sometimes come from damage or disease. accid

5、ental genius explores this puzzling relationship.can normal people be trained to be geniuses? susan polger has shown no sign of extraordinary intelligence. yet, during her childhood, she studied thousands of chess patterns and learned to recognize them immediately. as a result, she was able to beat

6、skilled adult players by age 10 and can now play up to five games at the same time without even seeing the boards. make me a genius examines what is takes to turn an ordinary brain into that of a genius.if becoming a genius were easy, wed all be done. yet, there is much more to super intelligence th

7、an simply being born lucky. learn more about amazing brains this month on national geographics my brilliant brain.1. in paragraph 2, marc yus story tells us_.a. a child prodigy can work easier than others.b. a child prodigy is trained by family.c. a child prodigy has an unbelievable listening skill.

8、d. a child prodigy always practise his skills.2. in paragraph 3, the sentence “geniuses didnt come naturally to tommy mchugh.” means that _.a. tommy mchugh could not be called a genius.b. tommy mchugh became a genius when he was young.c. tommy mchugh was a robot but not a real human being.d. tommy m

9、chugh became a genius after a sudden accident.3. the writer provides different examples to _.a. show how people can be geniuses.b. show becoming a genius is easy.c. show geniuses are common.d. show people know how to explain geniuses.4. the passage may come from_.a. a reportb. a novel c. a tv progra

10、md. a newspaper参考答案adac c82013江西卷 cmany people think that listening is a passive business. it is just the opposite. listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. it is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not lis

11、ten well. listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening well is the rule known asbracketing. bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from

12、 the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. true communication

13、is under way. the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.most of the time we lack this energy. even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usu

14、ally doing is listening selectively. often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. many of us are far more interested in talking than in lis

15、tening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.it wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that i have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的). in about a quarter of the patients i saw, surprising improvement was shown during

16、the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. there are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, i believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years,

17、and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.66. the phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in paragraph 2 probably means _a. preparing a topic list first b. focusing on ones own mindc. directing the talk to the desired results d. experiencing the speakers inside world67what is mainly discussed in

18、 paragraph 2?a. how to listen well. b. what to listen to.c. benefits of listening. d. problems in listening.68according to the author, in communication people tend to _a. listen actively b. listen purposefully c. set aside their prejudices d. open up their inner mind69according to the author, the pa

19、tients improved mainly because _a. they were taken good care of b. they knew they were truly listened toc. they had partners to talk to d. they knew the roots of problems70what type of writing is the article likely to be?a. science fiction. b. a news report. c. a medical report. d. popular science.【

20、要点综述】 本文主要介绍了倾听的好处，并通过自己作为医生的亲身体验说明倾听对于病人来说是最好的疗法。66. d考查词意猜测。由画线短语所在句前部分“to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside”可推出画线短语应该是“走进说话者的内心世界”的意思。67. a考查段落大意。由第二段的内容以及第二段第一、二句“listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening we

21、ll is”可知此段主要讲述了如何才能听得好。68. b考查细节理解。由第三段第二句“what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知在交流中我们倾向于有选择地也就是有目的地听。69. b考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的)”可知真正被倾听是最有疗效的医治方法。70. d考查推理判断。综观全文，本文主要说明了倾听的好处，故此篇文章应该属于通俗(大众)科普类文章。 work your brain!between 2

22、and 3 pounds of wonder，it controls everything we say，do or think，who we are and what we care about. the way we walk or laugh or figure out things. what we like and the talents we possess. how we see and talk and run and jump and process our food.the brain uses 20 percent of our bodys oxygen and 20 p

23、ercent of its blood. somewhere within its protein，fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells，it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. change our temperature so we dont die because of the heat or cold. speed us up or slow us down. help us choose between orange juice or or

24、angeflavored drinks.its intricacies(复杂性)are stunning，far beyond anything most of us can imagine. to keep this work of art as polished(有光泽的) as possible we need to eat right，exercise and keep mentally stimulated(刺激)good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. exercise stimulates a ho

25、rmone(荷尔蒙)in our brain that improves memory. mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age.“its very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active，” said neurologist malcolm stewart.“people cannot stop aging，but youre able to reduce the damage；youre able to keep the

26、function up.”following are dr.stewarts advice for improving brain health：nutritionavoid fast food. follow the old adage(格言，谚语)：for breakfast，eat like a king；for lunch，like a queen；for supper，like a beggar.exercisedo a combination of stretching aerobic and musclestrengthening every day.mental gamestr

27、y to have a sense of hope about the future. do puzzles. listen to music. reach out to others to make their lives better.5. the purpose of the author in writing this passage is to _.a. inform us how the brain works b. give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy c. tell us that the brain plays an

28、important role in our lives d. show how special the brain is to us 6. the word “stunning” in paragraph 5 means _.a. interesting b. strange c. significant d. amazing 7. according to the text，more exercise _.a. keeps our mind sharp b. helps improve our memory c. gives our brain a rest d. is good for b

29、rain cells communicating with each other 8. in order to keep brain healthy，we should avoid _.来源:a. eating a good lunch b. doing puzzles c. eating a large supper d. taking aerobic exercise 参考答案bdbc the report came to the british on may 21, 1941. the german battleship bismarck, the most powerful warsh

30、ip in the world, was moving out into the atlantic ocean. her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the united states to war-torn england.the british had feared such a task. no warship they had could match the bismarck in speed or in firepower. the bismarck had eight 15-inch guns and 81 s

31、maller guns. she could move at 30 nautical miles(海里) an hour, she was believed to be unsinkable.however, the british had to sink her. they sent out a task force headed by their best battleship hood to hunt down the bismarck. on may 24, the hood found the bismarck. it was a meeting that the german co

32、mmander luetjens did not want to see. his orders were to destroy the british ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with british warships.the battle didnt last long. the bismarcks first torpedo(鱼雷)hit the hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1,419 men with her.

33、 but in the fight, the bismarck was slightly damaged （损坏）. her commander decided to run for repairs to france, which had at that time been taken by the germans. the british force followed her. however, because of the bismarcks speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.for two days, every briti

34、sh ship in the atlantic tried to find the bismarck, but with no success. finally, she was sighted by a plane from ireland. trying to slow the bismarck down so that their ships could catch up with her, the british fired at her from the air. the bismarck was hit. on the morning of may 27, the last bat

35、tle was fought. four british ships fired on the bismarck. and she was finally sunk.9. the bismarck sailed into the atlantic ocean _.a. to sink the hoodb. to gain control of francec. to cut off american supplies to britaind. to stop british warships reaching germany10. many people believed that the b

36、ismarck could not be defeated because she _.a. was fast and powerfulb. had more men on boardc. was under luetjens commandd. had bigger guns than other ships11. we learn from the text that on 24 may_.a. the british won the battle against the bismarckb .the bismarck won the battle against the britishc

37、. the british gunfire damaged the bismarch seriouslyd. the bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the british12. which of the following is the immediate cause of the sinking of the bismarck?a. the british air strikes.b. the damage done by the hood.c. gunfire from the british warships.d. luetjens de

38、cision to run for france参考答案cabc c82013辽宁卷 chere is an astonishing and significant fact: mental work alone cant make us tired.it sounds absurd.but a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳)to the amazement of these scien

39、tists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein, it would show no fatigue

40、 toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.the brain is totally tireless.so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emoti

41、onal(情感的) attitudes.one of englands most outstanding scientists, ja. hadfield, says, “the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.in fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” dr.brill, a famous american scientist, goes even further.he declares, “one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”what kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? joy? satisfaction? no! a feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not bei