(完整word版)2012年北京高考英语试题及答案-修订版,推荐文档

1、 2012 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（北京卷）本试卷共 16 页，共150 分，考试时长120 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的a、b、c 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。例：what is the man going to read?a. a newspaperb. a m

2、agazinec. a book答案是 a。1. who answered the phone？a. mike2. whats the womans favourite food?a. italian. b. chinese.3. when does the first flight arrive in detroit?a. 5:18am. b.6:10am4. what is the woman looking for?b. henryc. tomc. indianc.8:50amc. tennis courtc. sunnya. zoob. telephone5. what will th

3、e weather be like at the weekend?a. cloudy.b. snowy.第二节（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）听下面 4 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的a、b、c 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。6. where are the two speakers?a. in the hotel7. how much did the man pay in the end?a.

4、 $115. b. $130b in a shopc. in a restaurantc. $140听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。8. what did the man do last weekend?a. watched tv.b. stayed at home.c. visited a friendc. go to a dance9. what will the woman probably do this weekend?a. play tennis.b. do some shopping1 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10. where are the n

5、ew houses?a. on the main road.b. close to a bus station.c. near the sports center.c. the quietness11. what does the woman like most about the new houses?a. the garden.12. how does the man feel about the womans suggestion?a. delighted. b. disappointed.b. the space.c. uninterested.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 15

6、 题。13. what cant the students do without a teacher?a. hold parties.b. complete the safety sheet.c. use any emergency equipment.14. why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?a. it may catch fireb. it may cover their eyes.c. it may pass chemicals to their faces.15. what is the

7、 speech mainly about?a. laboratory regulations.b. safety instructions.c. after-class activities.第三节（共 5 小题：每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面的一段对话，完成第 16 至 20 五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有 20 秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有 60 秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。telephone cancellation request formedward 16telephone no.17nonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid

8、 plan19 housereason for cancellationcancellation date required20 9, by 5:00 pm第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题：每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago.a. whats morec. in other wordsb. thats to sa

9、yd. believe it or not答案是 d。21. look at those clouds!dont worry. _ it rains,well still have a great time.2 a. even if22. by the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.a. gets b. has got c. will get23. one learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.a. corrects b. correct c.to correctb

10、.as thoughc. in cased. if onlyd.is gettingd. correcting24. jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed itdifferently.a. why25. george said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.a. wouldntb. didnt c. hasnt d. hadntb. howc. thatd. whether26. when

11、deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eatingor sleeping.a. that27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.a. use b. using c. usedb. whichc. whered. whend. to use28. many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.a. someb. lessc. muchd.

12、more29. have you heard about that fire in the market? yes, fortunately no one _.a. hurtb. was hurtc. has hurtd. had been hurt30. our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.a. had developedc. would developb. was developingd. developed31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.a. kn

13、ock b. knocking c. knocked33. we _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tellme?d. to knocka. should faceb. might facec. could have facedd. must have faced34. do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?a. at b. on c. to35. dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.a. is b. were c.

14、 has beend. acrossd. had been第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。inspiration“mama, when i grow up, i m going to be one of th ose!” i said this after seeing thecapital dancing company perform when i was three. it was the first time that my _36_took on

15、 a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. as i grew olderand was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that littlegirls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. in the summerof 2005 when i was 18, i received the phone call w

16、hich made that dream a _40_; ibecame a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.3 as i look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. i believe i stayedin a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ i was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my firstday. i never actually _44_ to get the job. af

17、ter being offered the position, i wascompletely _45_. i remember shaking with excitement.though i was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair shareof _46_. through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, i found it vitalto _47_ up the material fast with

18、every last bit of concentration. it is that extreme_48_ to detail ( 细节) and stress on practice that set us _49_. to then follow thosehigh-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, idiscovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” what i thought were my physical_52_

19、 were pushed much further than i thought _53_. i learned to make eachperformance better than the last.today, when i look at the unbelievable company that i have the great _54_ of beinga part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, i see a _55_ that has inspirednot only generations of littl

20、e girls but a splendid company that continues to develop andgrow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. a. hobby37. a connected38. a. rarelyb. planc. dreamc. exposedc. probablyc. leaderc. truthd. wordb. expandedb. certainlyb. trainerb. memoryb. datingb. addsd. extendedd. consistent

21、lyd. dancerd. reality39. a. director40. a. symbol41. a. bouncing42. a. lacksc. turningc. makesc. untild. trackingd. brings43. a. whileb. sinced. when44. a. cared45. a. motivated46. a. challenges47. a. putb. expectedb. relaxedb. profitsb. mixc. askedc. convincedc. advantagesc. buildd. decidedd. aston

22、ishedd. adventuresd. pick48. a. attention49. a. apartb. associationb. asidec. attractionc. offd. adaptationd. back50. a. overb. byc. withd. beyondd. usage51. a. function52. a. boundaries53. a. necessary54. a. talentb. meaningb. problemsb. perfectb. honorc. expressionc. barriersc. properc. potentialc

23、. traditiond. effortsd. possibled. responsibilityd. desire55. a. victoryb. trend第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。athe basics of mathmade clearbasic math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the4 fundamentals

24、of more tricky areas. these 30 fantastic lectures are designed to providestudents with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for algebra( 代数) andbeyond.the lessons in basic math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. they also look intoexponents(指数), the order of operations, and square

25、 roots. in addition to learning how toperform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work,how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and howthese operations can be used practically.basic math starts from the relatively easier concep

26、ts and gradually moves on to themore troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the materialby students. the lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematicalknowledge that may have seemed so frightening. they also help students prepare forcollege mathemat

27、ics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completelyunderstandablefield of study.by the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding ofbasic math. they will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and facetheir studies with more confidence than t

28、hey ever imagined. in addition, they willstrengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.professor h. siegel, honored by kentucky educational television as “the best mathteacher in america,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematicalconcepts in ways t

29、hat make them seem clear and obvious. from the basic concrete ideasto the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier andless scary.with a phd in mathematics education from georgia state university, dr. siegelteaches mathematics at central arizona college. his cou

30、rses include various make-upclasses and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.if the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange itfor any other course that we offer. or you can get your money back.56. what does the course basic math mainly cover?a

31、. algebra.b. college mathematics.c. arithmetic.d. mathematics education.57. what benefits can students expect from basic math?a. stronger imaginative ability.b. additional presentation skills.c. more mathematical confidence.d. greater chances of becoming teachers.58. what can we learn about professo

32、r h. siegel?a. he is a guest lecturer at kentucky educational television.b. he is to deliver 30 lectures in basic math.c. he works in georgia state university.d. he specializes in training teachers.59. where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?a. a news report.b. a book review5 c. a l

33、esson plan.d. an advertisementbpeanuts to thisproudly reading my words, i glanced around the room, only to find my classmatesbearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. confused, i glanced toward mystone-faced teacher. having no choice, i slowly raised the report i had slaved over, ho

34、pingto hide myself. “what could be causing everyone to act this way?”quickly, i flashed back to the day miss lancelot gave me the task. this was the firstreal talk i received in my new school. it seemed simple: go on the internet and findinformation about a man named george washington. since my idea

35、 of history came froman ancient teacher in my home country, i had never heard of that name before. as isearched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearingthe same name who looked completely different! one invented hundreds of uses forpeanuts, while the other led so

36、me sort of army across america. i stared at the screen,wondering which one my teacher meant. i called my grandfather for agolden piece ofadvice; flip (掷) a coin. headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. ah! tails, myreport would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, george washingt

37、oncarver.weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, i was totally lost. oh well, i loweredthe paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what i had done wrong. as aclassmate began his report, it all became clear, “my report is on george washington, theman who started the american rev

38、olution.” the w hole world became quite! how could iknow that she meant that george washington?obviously, my grade was awful. heartbroken but fearless, i decided to turn thisaround. i talked to miss lancelot, but she insisted: no re-dos; no new grade. i felt that thepunishment was not justified, and

39、 i believed i deserved a second chance. consequently, ithrew myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. ten months later, thatchance unfolded as i found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather,now having an entirely different conversation. i smiled and flashed

40、 back to theembarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of myoption to skip the sixth grade. justice is sweet!60. what did the authors classmates think about his report?a. controversial.c. boring.b. ridiculous.d. puzzling.61. why was the author confused about the t

41、ask?a. he was unfamiliar with american history.b. he followed the advice and flipped a coin.c. he forgot his teachers instruction.d. he was new at the school.62. the underlined word “burning” in para. 3 probably means _.a. annoyedc. readyb. ashamedd. eager6 63. in the end, the author turned things a

42、round _.a. by redoing his taskb. through his own effortsc. with the help of his grandfatherd. under the guidance of his headmastercdecision-making under stressa new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brainconsiders the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to f

43、ocus on pleasure and ignorethe possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices inpredictable ways.“stress affects how people learn,” says professor mara mather. “people learn betterabout positive than negative outcomes under

44、 stress.”for example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. in one experiment, some of the participants werefirst stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of anaudience; in the other, some were str

45、essed by having to keep their hands in ice water. inboth cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accuratelyand the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.this phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist

46、eatingcookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasureassociated with such activities comes to mind. but the findings further suggest that stressmay bring about a double effect. not only are rewarding experiences remembered better,but negative consequences are al

47、so easily recalled.the research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently inmen and women. while both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less onconsequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.men who had been stressed by the cold-water t

48、ask tended to take more risks in theexperiment while women responded in the opposite way. in stressful situations in whichrisk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more,however, women will win.this tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are ri

49、skymight also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: theymay more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. we can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.a. keep rewards better in their memoryb. recall consequence

50、s more effortlesslyc. make risky decisions more frequentlyd. learn a subject more effectively65. according to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.a. ways of making choicesb. preference for pleasure7 c. tolerance of punishmentsd. responses to suggestions66. the research has p

51、roved that in a stressful situation, _.a. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsb. men have a greater tendency to slow downc. women focus more on outcomesd. men are more likely to take risksdwilderness“in wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” this is a famous saying from awrite

52、r regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. the frequency with which it isborrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to placewilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.as john sauven of greenpeace uk points out, there is a strong appeal in images ofthe wi

53、ld, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that manypeople value most dearly. the urge to leave the subject of such images untouched isstrong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. some ofthese wildernesses also perform functions that humans

54、 needthe rainforests, forexample, store carbon in vast quantities. to mr.sauven, these ”ecosystem services” faroutweigh the gains from exploitation.lee lane, a visiting fellow at the hudson institute, takes the opposing view. heacknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water

55、 conservation.but that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercialand industrial exploitation. there are ever more people on the earth, and they reasonablyand rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. while theways of using reso

56、urces have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials,and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. if they can be tapped withoutreducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no furtherreason not to do so. being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing aboveall others.i look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their bei