道教的环境保护理念

1、道教的环境保护理念人与自然关系的四大法则高悬于衡山的古老道观是修行人士接近自然朝圣祈福之地。道教四大法则指引人与自然的相互关系。 道法自然 :作为宇宙间四大之一的人类，如何处理与天地万物的关系呢？老子在道德经中提出了“道法自然”的基本原则，即人类要以地为法则，重视其立身安命的地球。地要以天为法则，尊重宇宙的变易。天以道为法则，遵循客观规律。道的法则就是维护世界生长变化过程的自然本性，而不以人为的强制方式去破坏 这个过程的本来面目。人面对自然所要做的就是“辅万物之自然而不敢为”。黄帝阴符经中写到：“圣人知自然之道不可违，因而制之”。人的主观能动性只有在符合自然规律的条件下才能发挥出积极的作用。

2、阴阳平衡:道教认为，天地万物都含有阴阳两个方面的因素，有了阴阳的交和才产生了生命，也就是说，只有和谐才会有生机，才能创造出一个可永远发展的世界文明。认识到这个常理的人，就算得上明智的人。相反，不明白和遵循这个道理，人为地胡作非为，破坏这个自然规律，即人为地毁灭一个物种，或人为地助长某 种物质过分地增长，都是对道的旨意的违背。 知止不殆:“知止不殆，知足不辱”是道教在生态伦理学方面的又一重要主张。知止不殆，就是要求人类在追求发展的过程中，要充分考虑到自然界生态环境的承受限度，对那些破坏生态平衡的事情，即使具有巨大的眼前利益，也要自我约束，不要去干。这样才能避免自然界的报复，避免因小失大，今得而明

3、失。知 足不辱，就是要人们树立起正确的成就感，对物质利益的追求不能贪得无厌，这样才能避免对自然资源的过度开发。 万物共生:道教重要经典太平经提出以保护物种多寡为富足的价值观念：圣人“以教天下之人，助天生物，助地养形”。就是说普天之下，世间万物一齐生长，才是富足。对一个国家来说，能使万物齐备，才是真正的富国；如果自然界万物中有一半受到伤害，就是国运衰败之兆。道教这种以保护世界上物种齐备为富足的思想，促进政府和人民一起关心爱护自然。是对世界生态伦理学的一大独特贡献。道教的长期环保计划2009年11月，来自30多个信仰与文化传统的代表在英国温莎城堡与ARC创始人英国菲利普亲王殿下以及联合国秘书长潘基

4、文先生一起庆祝计划书的正式启动。潘基文先生在讲 话中指出：“你们能够并且有能力激发人们去改变”。道教2010至2017的八年规划，包含了六个关键的环保行动：1、推广生态教育，提高人们的环保意识。在道教宫观内设立环保信息公告栏以宣传、普及相关的生态教育材料，力争在2015年中国大陆过半数的道教宫观都能够全面开展生态教育项目，其中包括鼓励大众青年的生态夏令营活动。2、充分利用道教的资源以实现生态利益的最大化。种植植物，增加绿化，保护古树，合理利用道观周边的绿色资源都是道教八年计划的重要任务。计划还强调更加健康、环保的绿色朝拜，提倡“只烧三炷香，谢绝烧高香”，以减少朝拜时大量焚烧香烛纸钱所带来的污染

5、。3、改善与提升道教的生态传统与知识。希望道教教众能够时常关注环境，反思自己，绿色生活：为美好环境祝祷；与森林和旅游机构合作，举办道教圣山保护活动；收集古往今来具有教育意义的环保事迹。据悉，2010年至今，各道观收集的环保事迹已经编撰影印并分发到了国内各地。4、将环保意识融入日常生活并身体力行。按照道教的八年计划，教众应遵循自然法则来调配作息与饮食以实现绿色环保的生活方式。道观应该将节约能源作为一个考核标准，建立与回收循环利用相适应的管理结构，有余力的道观还应该建立污水处理系统。5、与道教以外的环保部门通力合作。如八年计划所述支持政府的相关标准及规章制度，能够吸引到各级政府环保部门的注意。这一

6、部分计划的目的在于扩大诸如精神道观等道教的生态行动的媒体宣传，加深道教与国际环保组织，如ARC、UNDP（联合国开发计划署）和EMF（荷兰生态管理基金会）的联系。6、大力倡导与弘扬道教的生态理念，要求道教教众将其生态理念在诸如先祖老子诞辰等传统节日里大力宣扬。通过电视、广播、互联网、音乐会和庙会，借助蕴涵着生态理念的歌舞绘画等艺术形式，使朝拜者和游人能够理解道教的生态理念。将国际环境日的相关活动纳入道教教历也是这一部分的计划之一。Long term planIn November 2009, the Daoists launched their long term plan to protec

7、t the living planet. Amongst more than 30 faith plans they celebrated the launch at Windsor Castle in the presence of HRH The Prince Philip, founder of ARC, and UN Secretary General Mr Ban Ki-moon who, during his speech, reminded the faith representatives that You can, and do, inspire people to chan

8、ge. According to figures from the International Daoist Forum in 2011 there are over 90,000 Daoist Masters in the two principal schools of the tradition, with some 30,000 places registered for Daoist religious practices and countless other unregistered sites of worship. Tens of millions of people in

9、China follow Daoist practices, and millions more engage in pilgrimages and visits to Daoist sites every year. So what a difference they can make! The Daoist Eight Year Plan runs from 2010 to 2017, and is divided into six key areas of environmental action: Providing ecological education and raising e

10、nvironmental awareness. This would require Daoist temples to set up specific information boards on environmental protection, and to display educational materials and posters. Their target is that by 2015 there are ecological educational projects running in half of all the Daoist temples in inland Ch

11、ina including, amongst other programmes, summer youth camps to encourage the young to get involved. Maximising the ecological benefit achieved from Daoist resources. The Eight Year Plan urges Daoist temples to plant trees and other vegetation with an emphasis on protecting old and well-known trees,

12、and calls for a better general use of green places and resources around Daoist temples. It also focuses on healthier and more environmentally friendly style of pilgrimage and travel, promoting the practice of “three stick incense burning” in order to reduce the pollution caused by burning unnecessar

13、ily high amounts of incense, candles, papers and fireworks on Daoist premises. Promoting Daoist ecological traditions and wisdom. This part of the Plan is about trying to achieve simple living through spiritual reflection with a focus the environment. It includes: writing prayers about the environme

14、nt; cooperating with forest and tourist organisations to hold activities that will help protect Daoist sacred mountains; and collecting traditional stories on environmental protection to provide useful lessons for today. From 2010 to 2013 the Daoists plan to collect the stories written by the local

15、temples, and then to print and distribute them across China. Living daily life with environmental awareness and action. The Plan suggests that Daoists should select their daily timetable and their food according to natural principles; their lifestyle should be environmentally friendly. It also says

16、that energy saving actions should be the standard for Daoist temples, and that they should establish structures that will help them to reprocess and recycle used items and waste. Temples capable of doing so should also set up sewage cleaning systems. Co-operating with non-Daoist environmental depart

17、ments. The Plan states that by asserting standards, rules and regulations of government, we hope to attract the attention of environmental departments of different levels of government. This area of the Plan aims to increase media coverage of Daoist eco-actions, such as the “spiritual Daoist temple”

18、, and to enhance the connections with international environment organisations such as ARC, UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) and EMF (Ecological Management Foundation). Advocacy and Celebration. This section urges Daoists to emphasise ecological concepts in their traditional festivals, suc

19、h as the birthday of the Supreme Lord Laozi. By focusing on the arts the Plan commits to producing ecological songs, dances and paintings, and to sharing these through TV and radio, the internet, concert celebrations and temple fairs, in order to help pilgrims and visitors understand the concept of

20、Daoist Ecology. It also plans to incorporate International Environment Day activities into the Daoist religious calendar. What does Daoism teach us about ecology?This ancient temple hangs precariously onto the side of Heng Shan, a sacred mountain where Taoist monks meditate close to nature, and pilg

21、rims come to pray.Four main principles of Daoism guide the relationship between humanity and nature:1. Follow the EarthThe Dao De Jing says: Humanity follows the Earth, the Earth follows Heaven, Heaven follows the Dao, and the Dao follows what is natural. Daoists therefore obey the Earth. The Earth

22、respects Heaven, Heaven abides by the Dao, and the Dao follows the natural course of everything. Humans should help everything grow according to its own way. We should cultivate the way of no-action and let nature be itself.2. Harmony with natureIn Daoism, everything is composed of two opposite forc

23、es known as Yin and Yang. The two forces are in constant struggle within everything. When they reach harmony, the energy of life is created. Someone who understands this point will not exploit nature, but will treat it well and learn from it. It is obvious that in the long run, the excessive use of

24、nature will bring about disaster, even the extinction of humanity.3. Too much successIf the pursuit of development runs counter to the harmony and balance of nature, even if it is of great immediate interest and profit, people should restrain themselves from it. Insatiable human desire will lead to

25、the over-exploitation of natural resources. To be too successful is to be on the path to defeat.4. Affluence in bio-diversityDaoism has a unique sense of value in that it judges affluence by the number of different species. If all things in the universe grow well, then a society is a community of af

26、fluence. If not, this kingdom is on the decline. This view encourages both government and people to take good care of nature. This thought is a special contribution by Daoism to the conservation of nature.The Mao Shan Declaration, October 2008Master Ren of Louguantai reading the Mao Shan Declaration

27、.茅 山 宣 言The Mao Shan Declaration第三次中国道教宫观生态保护论坛The Third Ecology Protection Forum of China Daoist Temples and Pagodas公元两千零八，四川汶川地震，北京举办奥运。大悲大喜之秋，中国道教名山宫观、省市道教协会代表69人，聚首东南福地茅山，与国际环保组织对话，应对全球生态危机，共同致力建设美好家园。In 2008, an earthquake hit Wen Chuan in Sichuan Province and the Olympics were held in Beijing.

28、 In this bittersweet autumn, sixty-nine representatives from Chinese Taoist temples and associations have gathered together in Mao Shan - a blissful place in Southeast China - to discuss ways to counter the global ecological crisis with international environmental organizations in order to build a b

29、etter homeland. 道家道教，以生为贵，以自然为尊。视万物为平等，视全球为一村。一荣俱荣，一损俱损。今日寰宇，气候变化，灾害频仍，环境恶化，世人痛心。道教生态理念，渊源于老子，光大于道经，宫观生态历久弥新。适逢举国齐心，科学发展，共建和谐，道教与时俱进，继承传统，创新发展，势在必行。The Daoist philosophy and Daoist religion both emphasize the values of life and nature. They see everything as equal, and the world as a whole, so that

30、when one thing gets hurt, others will be harmed, and when one thing is protected, others will share the benefit. In todays world, climate change, natural disasters and environment pollution have become our real concerns. But we are also in a good era, a time when the whole country is united, science

31、 has been greatly developed and harmony has become a shared goal. The Daoist faiths therefore recognize that it is necessary to inherit our old tradition, while also advancing with time, and to innovate and make progress. 中国道教宫观生态保护论坛，以遵循“道法自然”为宗旨，以追求天人和谐为己任。从我心做起，从一言一行做起，努力实现我们心中的神圣目标：生态道观，人间仙境。为达此

32、目标，我们郑重宣告：br.The Ecology Protection Forum of China Daoist Temples and Pagodas follows the principle that the “Dao Follows Nature” and sees the pursuit of harmony between heaven and human as its obligation. It calls for all Daoists to change our feelings and behavior to realize the sacred goal that w

33、e share: to build ecological temples and forge our heaven on earth.以道教教义为依据，尊老子为生态保护神，合理使用土地、森林、河流、土壤、树木等资源，绿化和美化道观内外的景观，合理配置保护水源和治理污染的设施，建立健全生态保护和宣传教育的规章制度，最大限度地采用节能技术和材料，形成与周边自然环境和社区人群相协调的良性生态圈。Based on Taoist principles, we hold Lao Zi as our God of Ecology. We advocate a better use of land, fore

34、st and water resources, and we call for all the faithful to make the landscape in and around Taoist temples greener and more beautiful. We will also put in place proper facilities that will help protect our water resources and deal with pollution, build systematic plans and regulations that will help to promote environment protection programs, and educa