宾语从句讲解

1、精品文档 宾语从句 是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。 例句： I know him 。 I know who she is 结构：主语 +谓语+引导词 +简单句（其它） 1语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,可分为以下四种： 1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what ，which 等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer ， please？The small children dont know what is in their stockings I dont know

2、 which belongs to my father. 2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose， what， which , how many , how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class . The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room 3） 连接词主语谓语。 连接词在从句中作宾语、 状语或表语。 常见的连接词有： who（m）， what, which , how many, how muc

3、h , when, why , how, where, if /whether （在句中不 充当任何成分）。如： He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi . Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？ 4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有： what, which , how many, how much , how 等。如： Do you know which class he is in ? he asked me if I knew whos

4、e pen it was. 2. 连接词 1） 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that 引导， that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 如： He said that he could finish his work before supper . 2） 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为是否”。友口 ： I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 但在下列情况下只能用 whether ： 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whe

5、ther （if or not 也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether /if he will come or not .（= Let me know whethe or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not .（= I dont know whether or not he does any washing .） 我不知道他洗不洗衣 服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go 我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介

6、词之后用 whether。如：rm interested in whether he likes English .我关心的是他是否 喜欢英语。 Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑是否能 按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我担心是否伤了她的感情。 在不定式前用 whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man .他尚未决定是 否拜访那位老人。 I dont know w

7、hether to go 我不知去否。 He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not , I cant say .这是否真 的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a questi on.她是否能来还是个问题。 The question is whether we can catch the bus .问

8、题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book .可理解 为： a Please let me know whether you like the book 请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 bIf you like the book ， please let me know 你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 Could you tell me 3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如： why you were late for the meeting this morni

9、ng ？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 3时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容： 1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要， 选用相应的任何时态。 如： I dont know when he will come back 我不知道他将何时回来。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday .他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一 般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： The child

10、ren did nt know who he was .孩子们不知道他是谁。 He asked his father how it happened .他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用 什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。女口： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老 师说地球绕着太阳转。 -、，l -、 : 4.注意： if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和 用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时

11、，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句 时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句 时态是一般将来时时， 其时态用一般现在时。 它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干 中进行综合考查。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ Sorry， I dont know . When he comes back， Ill tell you .对不起，不知道。当他回来了， 我将告诉你。 I dont know if he will come .我不知道他是否会来。 He will

12、 come if it doesnt rain .如果不下雨，他会来的。 宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句（六种方法），使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。 方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise （和主观决 定有关）等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decide

13、d to help him. 方法二：当主句谓语动词是know , learn, remember, forget, tell （和记忆认知有关） 等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是 tell ， ask， show ， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接 宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词 +不定式”结构。例如： Could you

14、tell me how I can get to the station ? Could you tell me how to get to the station ? 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order （命令），require （需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主 语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如

15、： He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesn t know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语 +V-ing 形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。 例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.Liu P

16、ing found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当 的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如： 1 found that it was difficult to lear n En glish well. I found it difficult to lear n En glish well. Soon we found that

17、 the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy 练习 1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine 凯瑟琳 said that she _ to Guangz

18、hou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation （听写） today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth

19、. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled 解析 2：主句 said 是一般过去时态 ,所以宾语从句应该用过去完成时.排除 A、C. 又因为这里表达的是 “凯瑟琳说她从来没有去过广州 ”的意思 .而 gone 是非延续性动词 ,has gone to.表达的是 “去某地还没有回来 ”的含义 .been 是延续性动词 ,has been to 表达 “去过某 地”因.此选 D. 实战演练 一、例题选讲 例1 I don t know he will come or not. A how B whether C weath

20、er D when 例2 Can you tell me they will come back? A where B when C which D who 一、 宾语从句的否定前移 否定前移：顾名思义，就是在宾语从句中，从句中的否定词n ot，前移到主句当中。 二，否定前移发生的三个条件 主句的主语是第一人称主句是一般现在时主句的谓语动词是think, consider, believe, suppose, expect 等表示心理活动的词， 这时从句中的否定可以转移到主句中， 从句的谓语用 肯定的形式。注意： 1) 三个条件均指向宾语从句的主句。 2) 三个条件必须同时满足时，才 能发生否

21、定前移。 例： I dont think he can do it better than me. 我想他不会干得比我好。 I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 三，发生否定转移句子的反义疑问句 其反义疑问句，附加问句部分 要跟从句的形式保持一致 I dont suppose he cares, does he 我想他不会在意的，是吗？ 宾语从句专项习题 巩固练习 1. Have you decidedfor Australia? A. whe n will you leaveB. whe n do

22、you leave C. you will leave whe nD. whe n you will leave 2. Ca n you tell me? A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 3. The old man asked me. A. where was the cin emaB. where is the ci nema C. where the cin ema wasD. where was the way to the cin ema 4.1 thi n

23、kyou will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how 5.1 didn t knowhe will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how 6won der. A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me. A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is 8.Ask him. A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup 9.1 don t know. A. what time the movie startsB. wh