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1、语法一: 人称代词 第三人称 第一人 称 第二人 称 人称 代词 单数 复数 主 格 宾 格 特殊疑问句: What colour is ? What n ati on ality are you? Where are you from? Where do you come from? Whose bag is it? What s your job? What s the weather like What s the climate like? 人 称 代 词 句型转化(Be动词做谓语) 肯定句:主语+be动词 否定句:主语+be动词+not 一般疑问句:be动词+主语? 物主代词 I w
2、e you you he she it they my our your your his her its their It s red. I m Chinese. I m from China. I come from China. It s my bag. I m a mechanic. It s sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy. It s pleasant/warm/wet/dry. 语法 一、不可数名词 定义:抽刀断水水更流”(难以分开的一个整体,不可分割的事物)。 特点: 1前面无a/an,后无s; 2、表达复数用量词修饰,量词可数; Eg. Milk-a bott
3、le of milk-two bottles ofmilk Soap-abar of soap-three bars of soap 二、some禾口 any 用法 相同点:表示一些,后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词 不同点:some常用在肯定句,但是在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定 回答时,多用some而不用any; any用在否定句和疑问句。 三、指代用法 One指代可数名词单数 Ones指代可数名词复数 Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词 四、句型 1 Do you like ? Yes, I do. Yes, I do. But I don t want No, I
4、 don t. 2、Do you want ? Yes, please. No,thank you / thanks. I don t like 五、名词复数特殊变化规则: 可数名词的不规则复数变 化 woma n-wome n, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-childre n, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxe n 国人变化:中日两瑞永不变, 英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S 加后边. Japanese -Japanes Englishman-Englishmen ; Chin
5、 ese Chi nese; Germa nGerma ns ; America n America ns 语法三 、介词 in 在 里 on 在. .上 un der 在 .卜面 beside 在 /、n-* - 旁边 betwee n 在两者中间 among 三者或以上中间 over 在 -hr .上(无接触面的垂直上方;从一端到另一端) above 在. 上(无接触面的上方,不定垂直) across 横穿、 穿过(强调从表面越过) through 穿过 (强调从中间穿过) alo ng 沿着 二、There be 句型与 have got 句型 I.There be 句型: 定义:某地(
6、或某时)存在有某人(或某物)。 句型结构:肯定句:There is+单数可数名词 或不可数名词+地点 特点: There are+复数可数名词+地点 否定句(be动词后加not): There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点 There are not+复数可数名词+地点 疑问句(be动词提前): Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点? Are there +复数可数名词+地点? 就近原则” 2.have got 句型: 定义:它表示某物归某人(某物)所有,是一种 所属关系。 句型结构: 否定句: 在have或has后加not,缩写为have nt has n t.
7、 疑问句:把have或has提前 特点:主语为第三人称单数时,have要变成has。 语法三:小升初小练兵 1. There is a bridgethe river. A. over B. onC. above D. below 2. They spent about ten days to gothe big desert (沙漠) A.across B. through C. over D. along 3. 用 there be 或 have got 填空: 1) I a good father and a good mother. 2) any books in the bookca
8、se? 3) a picture and a clock on the wall. 4) Shesome dresses. 5) What does Mike? 语法四一般现在时 一般现在时用法 (1)表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作。 often 经常, usually 通常,always 总是,everyday 每天, sometimes 有时 (2)表示事物的 状态或特征 There is a scar on his forehead. (3) 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the
9、 west every day. 注:只有在第三人称单数时用动词的三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。 动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则: 1多数在动词后+ s (1)直接在动词词尾加-s. play plays like likes stay-stays ask-askswork-worksget-gets (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加 -es. watch-watches wish-wishesfix-fixesdo-does go-goespass-passes (3) 以 辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词,要先变 y为i再加-es. try-triesstud
10、y-studies cry-cries fly-flies 2.不规则变化: be- ishavehas 一般现在时的句子转换: 陈述句(肯定句):主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数; (主语 + do/does.) 一般疑问句:在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数),does (单数she, he, it)变成问句; (Do/Does +主语+动词原形.) 否定句:在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don 11, you,以及复数),doesn (单数she, he, it)变 成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 (主语 + don t/doesn动词原形.) 例: 肯定句:I like g
11、rapes. 否定句:I don t like grapes. 一般疑问句:Do you like grapes? 肯定句: She gets up early every morning. 否定句 tShe doesn t get up early every morning. 一般疑问句 tDoes she get up early every morning? 语法五现在进行时态 一、现在进行时态的含义 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的 动作。 二、现在进行时各种句式的结构 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + V.i ng E.g. We
12、 are hav ing a class. He is pain ti ng. She is play ing. 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + V.i ng E.g. We are not havi ng a class. He is not pain ti ng. She is not play ing. 疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V.i ng E.g. Are you having a class ? Is he painting ? Is she playing ? 三、动词变化规则 (1)直”:一般情况下,直接加ing, 女口: do-doing, cook
13、-cooking, stand-standing (2)去”:以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing, 女口: come-coming, dance-dancing (3)双”:重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing, 女口: run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimmi ng, forget-forgett ing 双写规则:1、重读在词尾; 2、闭音节(短音节); 3、单辅音字母 (在一般情况下,如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾,而这个辅音的前面是读长元音 或双元音,就不能双写这个辅音字母。如read-readi ng, thi nk-th in ki ng
14、等。) (4)改”:改 ie 为 y,加 ing 女口:die-dy inglie-ly ing 语法五小升初小练笔 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play run swim make go like write ski read have sing dance 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1. The boy( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen ! Some girls( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother( cook )some n ice food now. 4. Whatyou( do ) now? 5. Look
15、! They( have) an En glish less on . 三、句型转换: 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) 2. The students are cleaning the classroom .(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) 语法六:一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如: last year, yesterday 等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。 注意:发生在过去时间的动作,并已经结束。 / am/is-was
16、一、be动词 arewere 1句式结构: 肯定句:主语 + was/were + We were very tired yesterday. 我们昨天很累。 否定句:主语 + wasn t/weren t + I wasn t at home yesterday.昨天不在家。 一般疑问句:-Was/were +主语+? -Yes,主语 + was/were. -No,主语 + wasn t/weren t. 2、般现在时与一般过去时的比较(例子见下表): 一般现在时every- 一般过去时 yesterday She goes to school everyday, But yesterda
17、y morning she went shopp ing. She plays football every afternoon, But yesterday after noon she played basketball. She chats with(禾口。聊天)her friends every evening on line, But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email. 二、行为动词 1句子构成。 肯定句:主语+动词的过去式 +. I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。
18、否定句:主语 + did n ot (did nt) + 动词原形 + . I did nt go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。 一般疑问句:-Did +主语 +动词原形 + .? -Yes,主语 + did. -No,主语 + did not(didnt) -Did you buy a book last Mon day? -Yes, I did. -No, I did nt. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did +主语+动词原形+ .? 1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -When did
19、 you go to the zoo? -I went to the zoo yesterday. 2、动词过去式变形 1)直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。 女口: look-looked; work-worked; play-played 2)去”以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。 女口: live-lived; move-moved -ed。 3)双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 女口: stop-stopped; drop-dropped 4)改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。 如: study-studied;
20、carry-carried 5)特不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 am/is -vasare werehave/has had do/does didcan could will would shallshouldswim swam sing sang ring rangsitsatcomecame give gave run ran drink dra nk become became begi nbega n buy bought bring brought catch caught think thought teach taught gowent lend lent send sent
21、 spe ndspe nt mea n menat build built lose lost feel feltlear nlearn t/lear ned smell sleep sleptput put cutcut hit hit read read hurt hurt let let beat beat costcost write wrote riderode riserose win - -won drive drove speak spoke get got forget forgot choosechose sell soldwake woke break broke swe
22、ep swept smelt 3、标志词 yesterday 系歹U yesterday morning; yesterday after noon; yesterday evening ago系列 a minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago; six years ago this系列 this month; this week last系列 last mon th; last year the.before last the week before last; th
23、e mon th before last 语法六小升初练习题 一、请用正确动词形式填空。 1.1(have) an excit ing party last weeke nd. 2. she(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she 3. WhatTom(do) on Saturday eve ning? He(watch) TV and(read) an in teresti ng book. 4. They all(go) to the mountains yesterday morni ng. 5. She(not visit) her aun t
24、last weeke nd. 二、改写句子: 1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句) Lucyher homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge (冰箱).(变一般疑问句) hemeat i n the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问) shethere? 4、There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句 ) thereorange in the cup? 语法七一般将来时 1. will 含义:将
25、来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 肯定句:主语 + will +动词原形 It will rai n. 否定句:主语 + will n ot (wo nt) +动词原形 He wont be late for school. 一般疑问句: Will +主语+动词原形? -Will it snow in GZ? -Yes, it will. -No, it will n ot (wo nt). 2. be going to 打算, 含义:近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为 将要做某事”。 肯定句:主语 + be goi ng to +动
26、词原形 I am going to travel. He/She is going to travel. We/They/You are going to travel. 否定句:主语 + be n ot goi ng to + 动词原形 I am not going to travel. He/She is not going to travel. We/They/You are not going to travel. 一般疑问句:Be +主语+ going to +动词原形? Are you going to travel? Is he/she going to travel? Are
27、we/they/you going to travel? 3. 时间标志词 tomorrow; tomorrow mornin g/after noon/eve ning; n ext year/week/ mon th/hour ; this afternoon/Sun day/eve ning ; in the future; in + 一段时间 时态小口诀: 英语动作有四种:经常做,正在做,将要做和过去做。 经常做用动原或三单, 遇到他她它单个做改三单; 要借do或does变问否, 后面动词用原型。 正在做用be+动词ing , 两个朋友不分离, be 用 am,is ,are来代替。
28、将要做有两种: 用will (shall)加动原或 be going to加动原。 过去做,很简单, 对照经常做动词变成过去式, 要借did变问否, 后面动词用原型 语法八:(请您记住以下新概念英语一册1-144课的所固定搭配短语) I beg your pard on Nice to meet you ( too) Look at How do you do Be careful A loaf of bread A bar of soap/chocolate A bottle of A pound of Half a pound of A quarter of A tin of Hurry
29、up ! Next door Black coffee White coffee Come home from school Come home from work In the morni ng In the after noon In the eve ning At noon At night At the mome nt What s the time? Come upstairs Come dow nstairs Hun dreds of On the way home This morni ng This after noon This evening toni ght Yester
30、day morning Yesterday afternoon Yesterday eve ning Last ni ght The day before yesterday in The day before yesterday in The day before yesterday in The ni ght before last A low mark A high mark 请您在重复(说)一遍 (我也)很高兴见到你 看 你好 小心 一块面包 一块香皂/巧克力 一瓶. 一磅. 半磅 四分之一 一听. 快点! 隔壁 不加牛奶的咖啡 加牛奶的咖啡 放学回家 下班回家 早上 下午 晚上 中午
31、 夜里 此刻 几点钟? 上楼 下楼 数以百计的 在回家的途中 今天早晨 今天下午 今天晚上 今天夜里 昨天早晨 昨天下午 昨天晚上 昨天夜里 the morni ng前天早晨 the after noon前天下午 the evening前天晚上 前天夜间 分数很底 分数很高 She said to herself The way to In fashi on I m afraid I m sure A lot of At all Going on holiday Have bee n to All the time Have bee n to Drive into For sale Have
32、the last word The R.A.F. Retur n ticket Next door to In five hours time Go back The othe day Fell dow nstairs The Y.H.A. Cheer up Full of Would you like ? Could you ? Buy on instalments Small cha nge Go back to sleep To take with Have to 你能?(比Can you更婉转客气) 以分期付款的方式购买 她心中暗想 到的走法 流行的,时髦的 我恐怕 我确信,我肯定-
33、许多(用于肯定句) 丝毫、更本、一点也不 度假 到过 一直,始终 到过 撞倒 供出售、出售 最后决定、最后才算 英国皇家空军 往返票 与相邻,在隔壁 在五小时之后。 返回 几天前 从楼上摔下来 青年招待所协会 振作起来 充满了 你愿意? 零钱 继续睡觉 把带上(with后跟人称宾格) 不得不(过去式 Had to) By myself By yourself By himself By herself By itself By ourselves By yourselves By themselves By on eself Not that long ago At He can t be H
34、e must be 我自己 你自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 我们自己 你们自己 他/她/它们自己 独自的 没那么久 (以的方式进行、做某事) 他不可能 他肯定是 He can t have been 他那时不可能 He must have benn 他那时肯定是 Don t be so sure 别那么肯定 He may 他可能 He might 他可能(没有 Make up minds 打疋王意(up Look after 照看 In the end 最后 In the first in sta nce 首先,起初 He may be 他可能是 He may have bee n -他可能己
35、经 I m ot sure 我不敢肯定 I won der why 我想知道为什么 A long time (ago) 很早(前) Get married 结婚 Depend on 依靠,取决于 I m late for 我因为而迟到 By the way 顺便(问,说) I m dressed in 我穿戴着 Make up her face 往她的脸上施脂粉 Make myselft beautiful 把自己打扮漂亮 Was covered with 覆盖着 I went for (表明目的) Pice of paper 纸片 Cigarette ends 烟头 Take out 拿出
36、Put away 放到一边 Hun dreds of 成百上千的 Round the world 周游世界 He might 的程度强) 后跟人称宾格) 季节、月份、星期 Spring 春节 Summer 夏大 Autu mn 秋天 Win ter 冬天 January 一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月 May 五月 June 六月 July 七月 August 八月 September 九月 October 十月 November 十一月 December 十二月 Mon day 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wedn esday 星期三 Tursday 星
37、期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期日 Weeke nd 周未 语法九 一.情态动词 定义:在句子中通常用来表示能力” 请求或许可”必须 可能 等表示情感或态度的 动词 情态动词 can: 含义(一):表能力,意为 能、会” Can you speak Fren ch? Yes, I can. / No, I can t. 含义(二):表请求或许可,意为可以” Can you ope n the win dow? 注意:can 般上级对下级或长辈对晚辈,对长辈上级用could 结构:can+动词原形 情态动词 must: 含义:表义务,意为必须” You m
38、ust finish the work today. Must I finish the work today? Yes, you must./ No, you needn t. 注意:1. must表示必须时,否定式为 needn; 2. mustn表示禁止、不准” We mustn t play football on the road. 结构:must+动词原形 拓展: 1、have to不得不,必须(客观); must必须,一定(主观); have to (第三人称单数用 has to)+动词原形; My mother is not at home, so I have to eat
39、outside. 2、May比can更委婉的请求 May I come in? Yes, you may. / No, you can t. 二.可数/不可数名词修饰词 1、a lot of +可数名词复数/不可数名词(表示许多,多用于肯定句) 2、many+可数名词复数 eg. many books much+ 不可数名词 eg. much chocolate 3、some 与 any 相同点:+可数名词复数/不可数名词 不同点:some多用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句, some还可表示委婉的请求,希望征得肯定的回答。 Would you like some tea? / Could
40、 you give me some water, please? Yes, please. / No, tha nk you. 语法九小升初小练笔 一、说明下列句中情态动词的含义。(A.能力;B.许可;C.猜测)。 ()I. “ Ymust write more neatly, ” said the teacher. ()2. He s notin the office.must have gone to the meeting. ()3. Visitors mustn move and touch the exhibits. ()4. The girl can play the violin
41、 very well. ()5. Can I smoke here? 、完成对话,每空一词 A: Lily, would you like someth ing to drink? B: Yes, I m thirsty now. A: What? B: I a cup of tea, please. A: Would you like? B: No, thank you. I m not hungry. you? Do you want something to eat? A: Yes, I m hungry now. I d like some cakes. C: Howcakes wou
42、ld you like? A: Four cakes, please. And a bottle of apple juice. C: Anything else? A: No, that s all. C: Here you are. 语法十现在完成时 请认真读背以下句子,感受其句意! Have you bee n to the cin ema? r ve already (已经) see n it. I saw it last year. rve never(从不)been there. Have you ever (曾经)been there? Have your mechanics f
43、inished yet (已经) ? Have you met Mrs. Jones yet? Yes, I have. When did you meet her? I met her two weeks ago. 现在完成时含义: 1)表示过去发生在过去,并且已经结束,强调对现在造成的影响。 She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书.(表示到目前为止还没有找到) 2)表示动作发生于过去,持续到了现在 I have lived in Beijing for three years.(强调 live in Guangzhou 这个动作从过去开始持续到 了现在) 现在完成时
44、结构: (一)肯定式 主语+助动词 have / has +过去分词+其它 ve just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) (二)否定式 主语+助动词 have / has+ not+过去分词+其它 I have nt fin ished my homework yet .我还没有完成我的作业。 (三)一般疑问式 助动词 Have / Has +主语+过去分词+其它? Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗? Yes , I have .是的,我做过。 现在完成时标志词: already ,ye
45、t , since , so far(至U 目前为止 ),up to now(至U 目前为止 ) in the past /last years在过去的几年中 it is the first/sec on d.time: It is my first time I have bee n here. 一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢? 一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如:yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现 在无关。 现在完成时与自已的特征词连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直 持续到现在的动作。 He saw the f
46、ilm last night.(过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看 一次) He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在 完成时,表时他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了) 语法十小升初小练笔 ()1. Who is Mary ? ? I saw you talking with her at the meeting A . Dont you meet her yetB. Didnt you met her yet C. Havent you met her yetD . Hadnt you met her yet ()2. How do you
47、 like Beijing, Mr Black ? Oh , I such a beautiful city . A . dont visitB . did nt visit C. have nt visitedD . had nt visited ()3 . The old people Ion ely at all since we bega n to visit them once a week A . dont feelB . has nt felt C . have nt feltD.did n t feel ()4 . We have lived here five years a
48、go . A . whe nB . sinceC . beforeD . after 1、He has already finished his homework .(改为否定句) Hefinished his homework . 2 . They have found the lost books already .(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) theythe lost books? No, they. 3 . Julia has not got home from school yet .(改为肯定句) Juliahome from school . 语法十一 1. have 与 h
49、ave got 的用法 相同点:均表示有” 不同点:have既可在正式也可在非正式场合用,have got非正式场合 I have a bear. = I have got a bear. 注意否定改法差异: have 否定形式 don have,第三人称 does nt have have got 否定形式, have nt got,第三人称 has nt got 2. have动词的多用法 你能举出什么例子呢?我们熟悉的有: have breakfast, have lunch, have supper (这里 have 指 eat) have water,have a bottle of
50、 coca, (这里 have 指 drink) have a good time, have a trip, have a bath. 3.行为动词have用法 含义:吃、喝、从事、经历( eat/drink/take/experienee) have fun 高兴 have a good time 玩的咼兴 have a rest 休息 have a bath 洗澡 have a swim 游泳 have a holiday 度假 have a talk 谈话 have a look at 看一下 have breakfast 吃早餐 have lunch 吃午饭 have supper
51、吃晚餐 have dinner 吃正餐 have a haircut 理发 have some medici ne 吃药 have a meet ing 开会 have a walk 散步 4. have 与 have got 用法 1)have 和 have got 均指 有” have/has eg. It has two eggs. have got/ has got eg. It has got two eggs. 2)否定形式 don t have/doesn t hegeIt doesn t have two eggs. haven t got/hasn t got It hasn
52、 t got two eggs. 3)区别 have既可以用在正式也可以在非正式场合使用; have got主要用于口语等非正式场合下 语法一 小升初小练笔 Story Time (用have/have got的正确形式填空,赶紧练习一下哦): Star a pet, that is, Garfield. Garfieldmany bad habbits. He gets up very late and a lot of meat every day. Hea large bed, so he has to sleep on the floor every ni ght. What abou
53、t you?youa lovely pet? 语法十二直接引语与间接引语 1直接引语:直接引用他人的原话 He says, I have just arrived in Scotla nd. 2、间接引语:间接转述他人的原话 He says that he has just arrived in Scotland. 3、直接引用变成间接引语 A 变符号: 把逗号和引号变成that B.变人称:一主二宾三不变 (第一人称和主句主语对应,第二人称和主句宾语对应,第三人称不用变) C 变时态: 主现从随便(主句是一般现在时,从句随着间接引用可以为任意时态) e.g. I think that you
54、 were right. 主过从也过(主句是一般过去时,从句需要变成过去的相应时态) e.g. He said that he is right. (X) He said that he was right. 真理永一现(如果从句描述的是真理,真理永远用一般现在时) e.g. He said that the light travels faster tha n the sound. 语法十三:词法 n eed dare be able to have(got)to had better(best) used to appear bebecome fall feel get go growke
55、ep look prove remain rest runseem smell sou nd stay taste rurn 2 .记住以下常见助动词 be havedo will sould shall 3 .记住以下常见情态动词 can couldmay might must ought 一.动词:(表示动作或状态等。) 1 .记住以下常见系动词 4 .记住以下常见半情态动词 should 二. 冠词(用在名词前帮助说明其词义) 三. 名词(表示人或事物的名称 四. 代词(用来代替名词或数词等,包含反身代词) 五. 形容词(用来修饰名词或代词) 六. 副词(用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词)
56、七. 介词(用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系) 八. 数词(表示数目或顺序) 九. 连词(用来加接词与词或句与句) 十.感叹词(表示说话时的感情或口气) 语法十四词法规则 一、可数名词的复数规则变化 1、- -般情况下未尾加“ s” 2、 以x, ss, sh, ch, x结尾的名词加 “es” 3、 以ce,se,ze, (d) ge结尾的词力口 “s” 4、 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变“y为“i在加“es” 5、 以兀音字母+y结尾的词,直接加 “s” 6、 以f, fe结尾的名词一般变f或fe为v在加 “es(以f或fe结尾的部分名词可直接 加二 :) 7、 以0结尾的名词一般加
57、 “s” (部分以辅音字母 +o结尾的加“ es) 二、 规则动词的过去式.过去分词变化.动词现在分词的变化 1、一般动词过去式在未尾加“ ed。 2、结尾是e的动词加“d。 3、未尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加“ ed。 4、结尾是辅音字母+y的动词,先变“y为“ i在加“ed。 5、动词的现在分词一般情况下在原形后加“ ing。 6、如果以e结尾的动词则去 “e在加“ing来构成现在分词。 7、如果动词只有一个元音字母,而后面跟了一个辅音字母时,则需双写辅音字母再加“ing 来构成动词的现在分词。 三、 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级(比较级在未尾加“ er而最高
58、级在未尾加“ est)”它们 都遵循着以下规则 1、一般情况下单音节的形容词或副词则在原形未尾加“ er。” 2、如果以e结尾的形容词或副词则加“r” 3、有些以y结尾的双音节词,如果 y前面是一个辅音字母则变“y为“i在加“er” (如果是最高级则在形容词前加冠词“ TheB后形容词或副词未尾加“ est其它规则一样。” 语法十五词法 词法一:副词的用法 一. 修饰动词,放在动词的前面; 二. 修饰形容词,放在形容词的前面: 1. too的用法 表示 太.修饰形容词 It s tlaOe. tooto太 以至于不能 She is too busy to talk with me. 2. ve
59、ry的用法 表示很”或非常” It s very interesting. 3. enough的用法 eno ugh+名词 There are eno ugh books. 形容词 +eno ugh This book is easy eno ugh. 词法二:动词不定式(动词+to do) 1、肯定形式: Want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.让某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 2、否定形式 don t/doesn t want/ask/tell sb. to do=want/ask/tell sb not
60、to do 语法十六形容词 1形容词的比较级和最高级 规则变化 单词的比较级和最 高级 举例 口 诀 单音节词,末尾直 接 + er/-est tall 直 单音节词以-e结 尾,去 e+ er/-est nice 去 以重读闭音节结尾 的单词,双写末尾 辅音字母 + er/-est fat 双 以-y结尾的单词, 改 y 变 i+er/-est hap py 改 其他双音节和多音 节词,都在前面加 more/most beautiful 加 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best bad worse worst far farther/further farthe
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