初二英语(语法和重要词汇)

1、 2. look after = take care of 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 8. eating habits 饮食习惯 10. the same as与什么相同 12. once a month 一月一次 14. make a differenee to 对 16. although = though 虽然 18. shop=go shopping=do 20. activity survey 活动调查 22. do house work 做家务事 24. junk food垃圾食物 26. be b

2、ad for对什么有害 28. want sb to do sth 想某人 30. come home from school 32. get good grades 取得好 34. hardly=not nearly / 36.be stressed 紧张的，有 38.get back 回来 ask for请求 agree with 赞同 all the time 一直 around the world在世界各地 at least 至少 at first 首先 as.as 象一样 be angry with 生气 be good at擅长于 be allowed被允许 be supposed

3、 to被期望/被要求 break the rule打破规则 complain about 抱怨 1. go to the movies 去看电影 照顾 3. surf the internet 上网 活方式 5. go skate boarding 去划板 保持健康 7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports 锻炼 9. take more exercise做更多的运动 11. be different from 不同 13. twice a week 周两次 什么有影响 15. how often 多久一次 17. most of the student

4、s=most students some shopping 购物 19. as for 至于 21. do homework做家庭作业 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 25. be good for对什么有益 27. want to do sth 想做某事 做某事 29. try to do sth尽量做某事 放学回家 31. of course = certainly = sure 当然 成绩 33. some advice almost not儿乎不 35. keep/be in good health 保持健康 压力的 37. take a vacation 去度假 a p

5、air of双，一对 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人干 all year round 年到头，全年 argue with与争吵 arrive in/at 到达 at a meeting 在开会 as.as possible 尽可能 be able to 能够 be mad at对感到气愤 be careful 小心 be surprised 惊讶 be interested in 对感兴趣 by the way 顺便 come along出现，发生 come in进来 come true实现，达到 cut in line 插队 call sb. up 打电话给do/was

6、h the dishes 洗碗 drop litter乱扔垃圾do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth 喜欢/完成某事end up 结束 fall in love with 爱上fall asleep 入睡 far from 远离first of all 首先 fly to 飞向 find out 找到 keep out不让进入 look smart看起来精干 look through 浏览 let sb get along 相处 get annoyed 生气 get an education 受教育 get injured 受伤 give away 赠

7、送 go out of从出去/来 have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会 have been to 曾到过 hundreds of 好几百 in a minute 一会儿 in good health身体健康 in the future未来,将来 in the playground 在操场 in silence默默地 .find it adj. to do sth keep.down 压低声音 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 let (sb) in 让进 get over 克服 get bored 厌烦 get on (well) with 与相处(好) g

8、ive sb sth/give sth to sb 给某人某物 go skating去溜冰 have a fight with与打架/争吵 have a great/good time 玩得愉快 hear about/of 听说 had better (not) do sth 最好做 in 100 yearslOO 年后 in front of在前面 in the front of 在前面 in/out of style 时髦/过时 in order to U 的 in (Russian) style具有俄国风格in public places在公共场合 It take sb some tim

9、e to do sth.花费某人时间干某事 the same as与相同 try (not) to do sth 尽力(不)干 turn on/off打开/关掉 talk to/with 与谈话 take part in 参加take off 起 take place 发生 take care (not) to do 小心(不)做 wait in line排队等候 make sb do sth使某人干 make money 赚钱 more than 多于 three quarters 四分之三 turn up/down开大/关小 take care of 照顾 Etake away 拿走 ta

10、ke an interest in 廟感兴趣 thanks for (doing)谢谢(做) want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make a living (doing sth)谋生 make friends with 与交友 need to do sth 需要干 not.anymore 不再 not.until 直到为止 not at all 点也不 on (my tenth) birthday 在(我十岁)生日 on the phone 在通话 on the one/other hand 在一(另)方面 open up 打开 put out 熄灭

11、pick.up 捡起 pass (sth) on (to sb)传递pay for 付款 part-time job 義职工作run out of 用尽 run away 逃跑rather than 胜于 right away立刻，马上 seem to do sth 好象干 see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做 adj.(special) enough 够(特别 spend.on/(in) doing sth 花费 sleep late睡懒觉 start/begin to do/doing sth 开始干某事 There will be fewer/less. -What sh

12、ould I do? -You should do. -what were you doing when.? -I was (doing).when. While he was (doing).,a girl called the police. If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers wont let you in. -How long have you been skating? -Ive been skating since nine o*clock/for five hours. Would you mind (not) doing s

13、th? Could you please (not) do sth? Why dont you /not (do sth)? How/What about sth /doing sth? 宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词， 动词不定式等。We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语， 指物的叫直接宾语。He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语 构成复合宾语。如：We make him our

14、 monitor.我们选他当班长。 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副 词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副 词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London.他住在伦敦。 补语 用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语 后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使.),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的 祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽 的(beautifulf为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will mak

15、e our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing 形式，数词等 主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类： 1) ，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 2) ,复合谓语：情态动词+不定式I can speak a little English.我可以说一点 英语。 Unit 1 How oft

16、en do you exercise? Grammar:特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom 等。 特殊疑问句的构成及用法： 结构：特殊疑问词+ 般疑问句，即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+ 谓语/表语(+其他) 疑问代词： 1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人Who is the boy under the tree? 2) Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to? 3) Whose谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词Whose pen

17、 is this? 4) Which哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which girls will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys? 5) What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的悄况下What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now? 疑问副词： When:何时，询问时间 When Mil she come back? Where 何地，询问地点，Where do you come from? Why 为什么，询问原因，Why are you l

18、ate for school? How如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school? How old 多大，询问年龄,How old is Jims little brother? How many/much 多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree? How far 多远，询问距离，How far is it form your home to school? How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing? How oft

19、en 多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your gran dpare nts? How soon 多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back? 频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always. Unit 2 Whafs the matter with you? Grammar: 1. 用have来描述身体不适have/have got a +疾病名字；得了病 2. 情态动词should,情态动词should , can, may, must没有人称和时态的

20、变化， 后接动词原形 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? Grammar:现在进行时表将来一般将来时 表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be + doing”其中be是助动词，它 有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v. -ing是现在进行时的形式，但 用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情， 一般指个人汁划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如， go, come, leave, start, arrive, move 等。 .肯定句中，结构为be + doing.

21、 I am going shopping this afternoon. 二. 否定句是在 be 之后加 not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon. 三. 一般疑问句是将 be 置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent 四. 特殊疑问句“疑问词+般疑问句语序。” What are you doing for vacation?When is he going camping? Who are you going there

22、 with?Where is she going? Unit 4 How do you get to school? Grammar: How 引导的特殊疑问句：是指以 How, how far, how long, how old ,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。 How does he get to school? He takes the train to get to school. How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes to walk How far is it from your

23、home to school? Its four miles from my home to school. How old is he now? She is twelve years old now. How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks How much is this coat? This coat is 200 dollars 特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about.?+名词或动词ing形式，用于提出建议、 请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis? Unit 5 Ca

24、n you come to my party? Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答 情态动词can的用法： Can是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot, cant, can 表能力”,意思是：能，会 I can play basketball ,but I cant swim. can表示能力时可和be able to互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示 can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months

25、表示可能性”,意思是:可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people. 表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it. 表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。” This cant be true. Can it be true? 如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请 表达邀请的常用句型： Can you come to？ Could you come to.? Would you like to come to.? Do you want to come

26、 to.? 接受邀请的常用句型： Sure. Certainly OK. Id love to. 谢绝邀请的常用句型： Pm sorry, I cant. I have to Im afraid I cant I have to. I dont think I can. I have to. Unit 6 Pm more outgoing than my sister. Grammar:形容词的比较级 规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93） than是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You*re older than

27、 I am. You are older than me. 形容词比较级前,有时可以用much , far, a little ,a bit, even, three times等词来 修饰。Much和far表示 得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微, 些，一点。a little shorter,稍微矮点；even表示“甚至,更加，还要even bigger 还要大些，three times 表示“三倍”，如 three times bigger than 比 大三倍 Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very ,so ,too , quite修饰原级 U

28、nit 7 How do you make banana milk shake? Grammar:可数右词与不可数名词 一. 可数名词 英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量 可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear.其负数形式要在 词尾加-s,或-es （特殊情况除外），如 two bananas, three tomatoes. Many apples a few students few bags 二. 不可数名词 1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前 直接加冠词a或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在

29、不可数名词前加相应的由量 词构成的短语。如a bag of.2.常见的量词短语有： a piece of. a cup of. a teaspoon of. a bottle of. 3. 不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量:much: much rain , a little, little 4. 既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有： Lots of= a lot of许多，大量 some 些（用于肯定句）any 些（用于否定 句和一般疑问句） Unit 8 How was your school trip? Grammar: 一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态

30、，常和表示过去意义 的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last year（week ,month.）,two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when ,after .before , as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词-was/were否定： wasnt /werent Be动词句型 般疑问句：was/were +主语 特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语 陈述句：主语+was/were+.（肯定句）否定句：主语+wasn,t/weren,t+. 行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构

31、成一般疑问句和 否定句） 肯定式：主语+动词过去式 否定式：主语+didnt+动词原形 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形 特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形 Unit 9 When was he born? Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句 一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词 或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were或was（第三人称单数）+主语+（表 语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。” 以when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是： When was/were.born? was/we

32、re born in +曰寸|、可 When was David Beckham born?大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？ He was bom in 1975. 二. 以how long引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型 是： How long did + 主语+动词？ How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. 三. When did he start hiccupping?他什么时候开始打嗝？ When +did+主语+ 动词？ Unit 10 Pm going

33、 to be a basketball player. Grammar：般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动 作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 1 be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do n ext Sun day? 2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week. 3. be +v.-ingThe Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow. 4. be + 动词不定式

34、 You are to be back by 10 oclock. 5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin. Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? Grammar:情态动词 情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、 必要、猜测等。Can（能、会）,may（可以）,must（必须、一定）等。 情态动词的特点：（1）情态动词有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个 动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1.1 can speak English. 2

35、. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. （2）变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He cant play the guitar well He cant answer the questi on. You must nt be late （3）含有情态动词的句字变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前c Can you help me? Must I go there at once? （4）can可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”cant,意 为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。 -Can

36、 you drive? - Sorry, I cant It cant be true. （5）can也可表示请求与邀请 A. bring B. to bring C brought 14、I dont know A. where does he live B. what is he doing C. where he lives D what he is during it 15、Ask him how much A. did it cost B cost it C. it costed D. it costs 16、I wonderused for. A. what was this ro

37、om B. which was this room C. what this room was D that this room was 17、I really donl know. A. where he was bom B. where he is bom C. where was he bom D. where is he bom 18、We have no idea A. how worried was he B. how worried he was C. that was he worried D what was he worried 19、He wanted to knowth

38、ere. A. how long time I had been B. how long had I been C. how long I had been D. how long I was 20、My mother wants to know- . A. how is Tom getting alongB. how he is getting along C. what is he getting alongD what he is getting along 21、 What shall we doit rains tomorrow? A. ifB. whenC. since 22、Th

39、e doctor didnt have a restthe operation was over. A. beforeB. afterC until 23、She didnt go to the cinemashe was very busy. A. when B. untilC. Because 24、His parents didnt send their children to schoollife was hard. A. ifB. whileC because 25、Finish doing your homework you go to bed. A. beforeB. until

40、C. after 26、The film wasinterestingall of us wanted to see it again. A. as, as B. so, that C. such, that 27、he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room. A. Before B. As soon as C. after 28、There arestudents in Class Onein Class Two. A. as many, thanB. as much, as C. more, than

41、 D so many, as 29、I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme. A. AfterB. WhileC. Before 30、Lets wait for him he back A. until, will come B. until, came C if, will come D. until, comes 31、Ill rememberher the letter. A. give B gave C. to give 32、He turned on the radio and stopped

42、to the radio. A. listened B to listenC listening 33、He had decided it again. A. writtenB. writingC to write 34、lt*s cold You need warm clothes A. to wear B wearing C. wore 35、Mr. Black mill agreethere with you. A. to goB. went C. will go 36、They were able tolast year. A. swam B swim C. swimming 37、S

43、he is pleasedher friend. A. to meetB. metC. meeting 38、They were sorry that. A. to hearB. heardC. hearing 39、He is suretomorrow. A. to come B. will come C coming 40、Teacher told usquiet. A. is B. are C. to be 41、He will teach methis year. A. to skate B. skating C. skated 42、They asked himany noise.

44、A. not making B. no makeC. not to make43 Did you hear herthe song in English last night? A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. sings 44、The students don*t knownext. A to do whatB. what to do C what doD. do what 45、The boss made themten hours a day. A. worked B working C. work D to work 46、Id like my good tr

45、iendto my home A. come B. will come C comi ng D. to come 47、Will you help methis morning? A. do the washB to do the wash C. do the washing D doing the washing 48、Id lovethat film, will it be on tomorrow? A. see B. to see C seeing D. seen 49、He told themon with the work. A. to go B. goingC. go D. wen

46、t 50、Well trythe work before seven oclock. A. finished B. finish C. to finish D. finishing 51 、 Ifs raining hard Yoifd better A. go outB. not go out C. no to go out D. to not go out 52This math problem is difficult Let meit over. A. to thinkB. thinkingC. thinkD. thought 53、 Sorryve kept you for a I

47、on g time. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 54lt*s not easy a foreign Ianguage A. learns B. learn C to learn D. learning 55、 The doctor was busyon the woman at that time. A. operate B operating C. to operate D operated 56Im hungry. Please give me something A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. eaten

48、57、Mr. Smith enjoysto light music A. listens B. to listen C. listening D listen 58、It was very late at night he still went on A. works B. worked C. working D work 59、When they walked along the river, they suddenly heard somebody for help. A. call B. calling C. called D. to call 60、Stopand listen to

49、me carefully said the teacher. A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. talks 61、The teacher asked methe question in English. A. answerB. to answer C answered D. answering 62It was eleven oclock, she stopped the child fromTV. A. watch B watching C. to watch D watched 63、He is strong enoughthe box. A. carry

50、B. to carry C. carryingD. carries 64、Please be quiet. Youtalk loudly in the library. A. neednt B mustnt C. need D must 65、Dont be late Yoube there on time A. must B. can C. may D. needrVt 66、I speak to Ann? Speaking. A. Must B. May C Need D. Shall 67 Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but Ifind it. A

51、. couldnt B cant C. mustntD. didnt 68、Excuse me I ask you a question? A. will B. do C. may D. would 69、This science book good care of. A must be takeB. must take C. must be taken D must to be taken 70、“Must I finish my homework now?1 HNo, you A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D may not 1-5CAACB 6-10 CACCC

52、 11-15 AABBD 16-20 CABCB 21-25 ACCDA 26-30 BBCBD 31-35 CBCAA 36-40 BAAAC 4145 ACABC 46- -50 DCBAC 51-55 BCCCB 56 60 CCCBB 6165 BBBBA 66-70 BBCCC 一% 一般现在时： 概念：经常.反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month.), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否

53、定形式：am/is/are + not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 dog如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称 单数，则用does,同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, mon th.), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, l

54、ong long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were + not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同 时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are +doing 否定形式：am/is/are +not + doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般 过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were +doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开 始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently，lately, since.for.,in the pas