[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟417

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟417专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟417专业八级分类模拟417PART LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURECharacter Analysis . Different Types of 1 Protagonists and 2 Major and minor characters Foils a) The 3 of major characters b) The lite version of major characters Round and flat characters a) Round

2、 character: more than one facet to the personality b) Flat character: only one facet to the personality . Literary Patterns That Protagonists Follow Anti-hero: graceless, inept, 4 Tragic hero: flaws within himself lead to his 5 Romantic hero: capture the hearts of girls 6 hero: rise to challenge in

3、very unusual circumstances Hemingway hero: have a rough life . Writing a Character Analysis Describe the character and 7 your choice Write your thesis in 8 Identify 9 of characters Decide whether it is a protagonist, major or round character 10 a) Physical things b) Peculiar 11 c) Characters relatio

4、n with the other players d) Strengths and weaknesses Analyze actions a) Analyze characters actions b) Analyze the action of the 12 Relate to the conflict a) External or internal conflict b) Conflict against people or something abstract c) Characters attempt to 13 14 the ideas a) Restate and paraphra

5、se the main points in the end b) Avoid 15 in the last paragraph (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.答案:Literary Characters听力原文 Character Analysis Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our lecture series about literary studies, particularly about writing a character analysis. In college literature class

6、es, students are required to write numerous essays because instructors expect their students to demonstrate not only an understanding of the core concepts being taught but also of the assigned readings. One type of essay that you will be required to write is a character analysis, which is an essay t

7、hat examines one or more major or minor characters in a story or play. Today, I am going to tell you some basic things you need to know about writing a character analysis. First of all, to write a good character analysis, we should know about the different types of literary characters. Characters ca

8、n be protagonists or heroes. Thats the main character around whom most of the work revolves. Characters can also be antagonists, the person who the protagonist is against. This is often the villain, but could be a force of nature, set of circumstances, an animal, etc. And then we have major characte

9、rs and minor characters. Major characters are the main characters. They dominate the story. Often there are only one or two major characters. Minor characters are those who help tell the major characters tale by letting major characters interact and reveal their personalities, situations, stories. W

10、e also have foils. These are the people whose job is to contrast with the major character. This can happen in two ways. One: The foil can be the opposite of the major character, so the majors virtues and strengths are that much brighter in reflection. Two: The foil can be someone like the major char

11、acter, with lite versions of the majors virtues and strengths so that the major comes off as even stronger. Above all, we have round characters and flat characters. Round character means the character has more than one facet to their personality. They are not just a hardcore gamer, but they also pla

12、y basketball on the weekends. On the other hand, flat character is the one who is only viewed through one side. This is the hardcore gamer and thats all there is to the character. As we now understand the different types of characters in the story, we should also understand that protagonists can fol

13、low literary patterns or types. The first one is the anti-hero, for example, Holden Canfield. This is the guy your mother would not want you or your sister to date. They are often graceless, inept, and actually dishonest. The second is the tragic hero like Oedipus and Macbeth. This is the guy whose

14、bad end is a result of flaws within himself. Thirdly, we have the romantic hero, such as Don Juan, and James Bond. This is the guy the girls all swoon over. He gets the girls, even when he doesnt want to keep them. And we also have the modern hero like Chuck Bartowski. This is the average guy who is

15、 put in extraordinary circumstances and rises to the challenge. Finally, we have the Hemingway hero. This is the guy who has been in a war, drinks too much, gets his girlfriend pregnant, and she dies. Or guys like him. Thirdly and also the last part of my talk is about how we can analyze a literary

16、character for a college essay. When it comes to knowing just how to write a college character analysis essay, you cannot go wrong by using this tried and true structure. First, begin by describing the character you have chosen for your study and why you chose to analyze him or her. Your opening para

17、graph should end with your essays thesis. The thesis is the main idea you want to convey in your paper. In one or two sentences, explain the point that your essay will make about the character. Then, identify types of characters. It is important that your essay defines what type of character you are

18、 writing about. Is your character the protagonist, the hero, or the antagonist, the villain? Did you choose a major or a minor character? Is your character a round one or a flat one? Next, defining traits. Discuss the traits that define and motivate your character. These traits can range from physic

19、al things, such as your character walks with a limp, to psychological quirks, like an intense hatred of the upper class. Think about how the character relates to the other players in the story. Is he/she kind or cruel, moral or immoral when dealing with others? Is the character like or unlike the ot

20、her characters in the text? Remember to include discussions of both the strengths and weaknesses of your character. Few characters are all good or all bad. Fourthly, analyzing actions. Analyze how the defining traits of your character influence his or her actions and in turn influence the action of

21、the plot. Does the character act without thinking or does he/she give careful consideration before talking action? How do the actions of the character influence the other players in the story? Do your characters choices drive the action of the plot? If the characters choices do not influence the act

22、ion of the plot, why is he/she important to the story? What would be lost if that character was not a part of the book? Fifthly, relationship to the conflict. What is the conflict that drives your character? This has the potential to be many things. Is the conflict external or internal? Is the confl

23、ict against other people or against something abstract, such as fate or evil? Discuss how your character attempts to solve this conflict and what that says about him or her. Last but not least, summarize your ideas. Your ending paragraph is your chance to restate the main points of your paper. Most

24、teachers do not want to see new ideas at the end of your paper. You want to paraphrase the main ideas you have made previously and restate your thesis. OK. I have outlined the basic types of characters and literary patterns of protagonists for you. I also introduced to you a six-step method of writi

25、ng a character analysis essay. Next time, we shall talk about theme and motif in stories and how to write an essay on motif. 解析 讲座首先提到，为了写好人物分析，我们应该了解文学中不同类型的人物。根据提纲，填入Literary Characters。2.答案:antagonists解析 讲座讨论的是人物角色。一般来说，人物角色可以分为正面人物和反面人物(力量)。这里填antagonists。此题也可根据常识作答。3.答案:opposite解析 在谈及“陪衬人物”时，讲座

26、提到两种，其中第一种是作为主要人物的反面而出现，其作用是让主要人物的美德和力量在其反衬之下更为“高大”。因此，这里填opposite。4.答案:dishonest解析 讲座谈到文学作品中的主人公的第一种，即非英雄式的主人公，表现为粗俗，愚昧，不诚实的。根据提纲，填入dishonest。5.答案:bad end解析 谈到悲剧英雄的特征时，讲座提到，悲剧英雄不好的结局通常是都是由于自身的缺憾所造成的。题目先给出原因自身的缺憾，让考生填结果不好的结局，即bad end。6.答案:Modern解析 本题考查的是其中一种人物类型英雄类型的特征。讲座提到，现代英雄是被置于异常的场景并接受挑战的普通人。填M

27、odern。7.答案:justify/explain解析 讲座第三方面谈论的是如何写人物分析。其中，首先要描述你所选的人物，然后解析为什么你会选择分析这个人物。考生要懂得找一个动词来替代讲座中的why。故填justify或explain均可。8.答案:the opening paragraph解析 录音提到，文章的开头段应以文章的论点结尾。因此本题填the opening paragraph。9.答案:types解析 本题询问写人物分析的第二步是什么。讲座中提到我们应该指出人物所属的类型。因此，这里填types。10.答案:Define traits解析 录音讲到如何进行人物分析的第三点，即定

28、义人物的性格特征。填入Define traits。11.答案:psychology解析 在谈到性格特征方面，讲座提到，有身体的动作，有心理上的怪癖(quirks)等。但是题目把peculiar(怪异的)放在空格前面，其后需要一个名词。故填psychology。12.答案:plot解析 写人物分析的第四步是分析行为。讲座提到，性格特征对人物的行动和小说情节的驱动都有影响。空格缺的是plot。13.答案:solve the conflict解析 在谈到矛盾冲突时，讲座谈及了一系列问题，其中包括需要讨论人物是如何尝试解决冲突的。空格处缺少的是solve the conflict。14.答案:Summ

29、arize解析 讲座谈到如何进行人物分析的最后一点，即总结观点。文章的结尾部分应该要重新阐述自己的主要观点。因此根据提纲空格，本题填入Summarize。15.答案:new ideas解析 本题询问在人物分析文章的最后一段应避免什么。讲座提到，许多老师都不希望在最后一段看到新的观点，即new ideas。SECTION B INTERVIEW (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.A.Boosting your brainpower.B.Fighting against Alzheimer.C.Fighting against breast cancer.D.Helping with

30、severe cognitive repairment.答案:D听力原文 M: This morning on Todays Health, we are going to pump you up. You know, working out is obviously good for your body, but this weeks Newsweek Magazine reports there is new evidence it can boost your brainpower and fight disease as well. Miriam Nelson is an associ

31、ate professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts University. Miriam, nice to see you, how are you doing? W: Very well. Thanks for having me. M: So, we are talking about rigorous, aerobic exercise, clearly good for your body. Explain to me in laymans terms if you can now, about this new res

32、earch that says it can also help your brain grow new nerve cells. W: Thats right, What weve known for years is that individuals who are physically active have reduced risk of getting Alzheimers disease. Weve also known that people with mild cognitive impairment also have improved function with exerc

33、ise. Theres some very new research just coming out, which is very exciting. And what is seen is its taken 11 individuals, and put them on a about 3 or 4 months course of aerobic exercise4 days a week, an hour. And what theyve seen through MRI Scan is people are actually growing new nerve cells. M: A

34、nd more new nerve cells mean what to me is someone in my age group. W: Yeah, my age group, too. M: OK, our age group too, right. W: What we are seeing is that the new nerve cells are growing. Theyre increasing a web and theyre weaved and connecting. Its all the interconnections of the nerve cells. W

35、hen you get those connections, your brain functions better, primarily this is in the executive functioning part of the brain. We are looking at multi-tasking, memory, problem solving, name recognitionlot of things that start to decline as we get older. M: I am sure a lot of people watching this righ

36、t now, Miriam Nelson. Can I make up for lost time? I dont have a history of exercising throughout my life. Now in 45, 50 years old, if I start exercising now, do I make a difference? W: Well, certainly. The data we show right now is exercising in your 40s and 50s. Hopefully we want to start a little

37、 bit earlier, but in your 30s, 40s and 50s, it will make a difference for reducing the risk of getting Alzheimer as you get older. And theres even newer research with children that is also very exciting. Which of the following functions about working out is not found by researchers? 本题设题点在功能用途处。根据听力

38、原文可知，新研究显示，运动能够促进大脑的发育并抵抗疾病，还能够减少患老年痴呆症的几率，对轻微的大脑认知损伤也有改善作用，但没有提到对严重的认知损伤有帮助，因此D为正确答案。 2.A.She is working in college.B.Her study shows workout is good for our brains.C.She is about 45 years old.D.Her research subjects are female.答案:D听力原文 Which of the following statements about Miriam Nelson is INCOR

39、RECT? 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，米里亚姆是塔夫斯大学弗里德曼营养学院的副教授，故排除A；根据听力原文可知，她的新研究表明大量的有氧锻炼有助于大脑长出新的神经细胞，由此排除B；根据听力原文可知，米里亚姆和采访者的年龄相当，而听力原文表明采访者的年龄是45到50之间，所以排除C。原文并未提及米里亚姆的研究对象都是女性，因此D为正确答案。 3.A.Executive function.B.Memorizing function.C.Problem solving function.D.Name recognition function.答案:A听力原文 What are interc

40、onnections of the nerve cells in the brain primarily beneficial for? 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。根据听力原文可知，神经细胞连接时，大脑的运作会更好，主要是大脑中主管执行功能的部位运作会更好，因此A为正确答案。 4.A.Supportive.B.Oppositive.C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.答案:A听力原文 Whats Miriams attitude towards the interviews idea about starting working out now? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力

41、原文可知，采访者问道自己现在才开始锻炼能否有用，而米里亚姆对此给予了肯定的答复，并且在听力原文中进一步解释了锻炼对减少老年痴呆症的患病几率有用，由此可以推出米里亚姆对于采访者现在开始锻炼的想法持支持的态度，因此A为正确答案。 5.A.People in their childhood.B.People in their 20s.C.People in their 30s.D.People in their 40s and 50s.答案:B听力原文 Which of the following people are NOT mentioned as to the brain power boos

42、ting? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，运动不仅对四五十岁的人有好处，对三十至五十来岁的人减少老年痴呆症的患病几率、增加脑细胞连接都有帮助，而新的研究显示，运动对孩子也有比较积极的影响，但没有提及二十来岁的成年人，因此B为正确答案。 (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 6.A.English Literature.B.Computer.C.Business Administration.D.Finance.答案:C听力原文 W: Good morning, Mr. Smith. Have a seat, please! M: Thanks a lot. W: OK, nex

43、t lets get down to the business. What is your major? M: My major is Business Administration. I am especially interested in Marketing. W: Marketing? Nice! That perfectly suits our qualifications. Have you received any degrees? M: Yes. First, I received my Bachelors degree in English Literature, and t

44、hen an MBA degree. W: That sounds you did a good job in your university. Do you feel that you have received a good general training? M: Yes, I have studied in an English training program and a computer training program since I graduated from university. I am currently studying Finance at a training

45、school. W: Your resume says that you have had one-year experience working in a foreign representative office in Shanghai, may I ask why you left? M: I worked in a foreign rep. office for one year. However, I left there two years ago because the work they gave me was rather dull. I found another job

46、that is more interesting. W: You mean you couldnt work to live, you enjoy whatever you do, right? M: Yes, I will love whatever I do. W: But, does your present employer know you are looking for another job? M: No, I havent discussed my career plans with my present employer, but I am sure he will unde

47、rstand. W: If you believe you are a good fit for the position, please talk about what kind of personality you think you have. M: I always approach things very enthusiastically. When I begin something, I dont like to leave it half-done. I cant concentrate on something new until the first thing is fin

48、ished. W: And what are your personal weaknesses? M: Im afraid Im a poor talker. Im not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time. That is not very good for business, so I have been studying public speaking. W: It is very difficult for somebody to see ones own weakne

49、ss. Are you more of a leader or a follower? M: I dont try to lead people. Id rather cooperate with everybody, and get the job done by working together. Which major did the candidate get for a masters degree? 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，求职者在获得英语文学学士学位之后，又攻读了企业管理的硕士学位。而电脑和金融是该求职者在培训机构所学的，并非他本人的专业，因此C为正确答案。 7.A.

50、He changed his major in his postgraduate study.B.He participated in training programs after graduating from college.C.He had worked at least in two companies before this interview.D.He started working in a foreign representative office two years ago.答案:D听力原文 Which of the following statements about M

51、r. Smiths background is INCORRECT? 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，史密斯先生读本科时的专业是英国文学，而读研究生时的专业是工商管理，由此可以推出，他读研时转专业了，所以排除A；根据听力原文可知，自从大学毕业以后史密斯先生就参加了英语和计算机的培训项目，由此排除B；根据听力原文可知，史密斯先生曾经在一家外企驻上海的代表处工作过一年，离职后找到了另外一份有趣的工作，由此可以推出，此次面试前他至少在两家公司工作过，故排除C。根据听力原文可知，史密斯先生是在两年前离开那家外企驻上海的代表处，结合听力原文可知，他应该是在三年前开始在这家公司工作的，因此D为正确答案

52、。 8.A.Because the working environment was poor.B.Because the job was boring.C.Because the pay was rather low.D.Because he disliked his employer.答案:B听力原文 Why did the candidate leave the foreign representative office? 本题设题点在原因解释处。根据听力原文可知，他离开那家外企驻上海的代表处是因为其工作乏味，因此B为正确答案。 9.A.To pursue personal interes

53、ts.B.To make both ends meet.C.To improve the quality of family life.D.To realize individual value.答案:A听力原文 According to the candidate, what is his purpose of working? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，求职者不是为了生存而工作，而是享受自己的工作，因此A为正确答案，同时排除B和C；原文并未提及实现个人的价值，故排除D。 10.A.Enthusiastic.B.Perseverant.C.Eloquent.D.Coopera

54、tive.答案:C听力原文 Which of the following does NOT describe the candidates personality? 本题设题点在对话问答处。根据听力原文可知，他做事往往充满热忱，且善始善终，故排除A；根据听力原文可知，他不善于言辞，故排除B；根据听力原文可知，他喜欢合作，故排除D，因此C为正确答案。 PART LANGUAGE USAGE The United States is considered a multilingual country but it has never employed an official language po

55、licy. Even though English is clearly the dominant language, a variety of indigenous and immigrant languages are also spoken. The framers of the Constitution purposefully decided not to select an official language because of present linguistic diversity; however, due to the German 1 communitys active involvement in the Revolution, the Continental Congress published many documents in German t