[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟307

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟307专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟307专业八级分类模拟307LANGUAGE USAGE The image was fascinating, as justice John Paul Stevens, a Chicago native, presented it. A gang member and his father are hanging in near Wrigley Field. Are they there to rob an 1 unsuspecting fan or just to get a glimpse of Sammy S

2、osa leaving the ball park? A police officer has no idea, but under Chicagos anti- gang law, the cop must order them disperse. With Stevens writing 2 for a 6-to-3 majority, the Supreme Court last week struck down Chicagos sweeping law, as had sparked 42,000 arrests in its three 3 years of enforcement

3、. The decision was a blow to advocates of get-tough crime policies. And in a widely noted concurring opinion, Justice Sandra 4 Day OConnor suggested that a less harsh approachdistinguishing gang members and innocent bystandersmight pass constitutional 5 muster. New language could target loiterers wi

4、th no apparent purpose rather than to establish control over identifiable areas, to 6 intimidate others from entering those areas or to conceal legal 7 activities, she wrote. Chicago officials vowed to draft a new measure. We will go back and correct it and then move forward, said Mayor Richard Dale

5、y. Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in the court, might do well to look at one state 8 where anti-gang loitering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges: California. The state has two antiloitering laws on the books, aiming at people

6、 intending to commit specific crimes 9 prostitution and drug dealing. In addition, a number of local prosecutors are waging war for gangs by an innovative use of the 10 public-nuisance laws. 1.答案:inout解析 固定搭配中的副词错误。本句的含义是“一个黑帮成员和他的父亲在里格利球场附近闲荡。”因此应该使用固定搭配hang out，表示“(在某个固定地方)消磨空闲时间”。hang in表示“坚持不懈”，

7、不符合文章意思。2.答案:disperseto解析 动词不定式符号to缺失。“命令某人做某事”应该使用order sb. to do sth. ，动词不定式符号to不能省略。disperse意为“驱散，散开”。3.答案:aswhich解析 定语从句中的关系代词误用。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是law，因此应该使用关系代词which引导，而as一般代指整个句子。4.答案:AndBut解析 连词误用。上句说“这一决定对于那些主张严厉惩治犯罪的人来说，无疑是当头一棒”，下句说“法官奥康纳认为采取一种不太严厉的做法可能更符合宪法的规定”，可见二者是转折关系。5.答案:andfrom解析 固定搭配中

8、的介词误用。distinguish.from.意思是“把与区分开”。此处含义是“把犯罪集团成员与无辜的旁观者区分开”。6.答案:ratherother解析 语义错误。other than是固定搭配，表示“除了以外，不包括”。本句的含义是“议案中使用的新的措辞可能会把那些除了控制可识别区域、恐吓他人不得进入该区域或隐瞒非法活动外没有其他明确目的的闲荡者作为目标。”7.答案:legalillegal解析 语义错误。此处意为“隐瞒非法活动”，因此将legal改为illegal。8.答案:thethe解析 冠词冗余。in court表示“在法庭上，出庭”，不需要加冠词。9.答案:aimingaimed

9、解析 非谓语动词误用。当aim的主语是物时，一般使用“sth. is aimed at.”的结构，意为“某事旨在”，故应用过去分词aimed。10.答案:foragainst解析 介词误用。wage war against表示“向开战”。本句意为“许多当地的检察官正创新性地运用公共妨害法向犯罪集团宣战。” Thanks in no small part to A1 Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. That is not so w

10、idely appreciated is that unless the US government 11 acted urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get 12 very much worse. For reasons both economic or political coal is poised to be the 13 fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion

11、 generates half the USs electricity and releases at 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present 14 trends continue, these figures will be more than double by 2050, much on to the detriment of the worlds climate. Without an 15 alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carb

12、on dioxide from burning coal. Overcome the engineering obstacles in the way of. large-scale 16 sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, and the bigger 17 challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While movements at state 18 and

13、 congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administrations policy is counterproductive. It is time for the US government to put price on carbon 19 emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarding. Such

14、a move would not 20 only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring Americas green credentials. 11.答案:ThatWhat解析 从句中的连词误用。本句主语是主语从句，需要使用what作为从句的主语，虽然that也能引导主语从句，但是它不作任何成分。12.答案:actedacts解析 时态错误。本句是unless引导的条件状语从句，是一种假设，因此使用一般现在时，而不是过去时。13.答案:orand解析 固定搭配错误

15、。本句的意思是“出于政治上和经济上的原因”，表示两个原因，因此使用both.and.，而or一般和either连用，表示二者选择其一。14.答案:atabout解析 介词误用。本句是说燃烧煤炭每年约释放15亿吨的二氧化碳，只有介词about表示“大约”，而at表示“在方面”，不符合上下文语境。15.答案:onon解析 介词冗余。to the detriment of the worlds climate表示“对世界气候造成危害”，on表示“在之上”，在此处是多余的。16.答案:OvercomeOvercoming解析 非谓语动词误用。此处overcome引导的这个短语是作为整个句子的主语，因此

16、不能使用原形或者过去分词形式，可以使用动名词形式。17.答案:andbut解析 连词误用。此处是转折关系，而不是顺承关系。18.答案:movementsmoves解析 词义混淆。movement表示“运动，动作，活动”，而move表示“策略，为达到某个目的而采取的行动”，此处指州政府和国会正采取积极的策略。19.答案:puta解析 冠词缺失。put a price on是固定搭配，表示“给定价”，其中的不定冠词a不能省略。20.答案:rewardingrewarded解析 非谓语动词误用。此处是指美国政府到了应该为碳排放定价的时候了，以便投资技术用于减少二氧化碳排放的公用事业公司得到回报。ef

17、forts与reward是动宾关系，应该使用过去分词，表示被动。 Contrary to what many people think, depression is not a normal part of growing older. Or is it harder to treat in older people. 21 But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients accept 22 and continue with treatment. Most people think sadness is a hal

18、lmark of depression, Bruce said. Hence more often in older people its anhedonia 23 theyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky. She added: Many older people desperate over the quality of their lives at the 24 end of life. If they have a functional ability or serious medical 25 illness, it

19、may make it harder to notice depression in older people. Family members, friends and medical personnel must take 26 seriously when an older person says Life is not worth live, I 27 dont see any point in living, Id be better off dead or My family would be better off if I died, the experts emphasized.

20、 Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment, Brown urged. He warned that depressed older adults tend to have few symptoms than younger 28 adults who are depressed. The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. Brown rec

21、ommended that older adults structured their 29 days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living. He suggested social activities of any typejoining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a l

22、ocal college, hanging on out at the coffee shop. 30 Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum. Brown explains that any activity the person is able to do can help to prevent depression and silly ideas of killing oneself

23、. 21.答案:OrNor解析 连词误用。本句使用的是倒装句型，而or放在句首时，句子不倒装，只有表示否定的连词nor，neither等放在句首时句子才倒装，并且根据第一句“恰与人们的常识相反，抑郁症并不随着人们年龄的增长而加重”，可以判断本句的含义是“老年人的抑郁症也不难治愈”，因此可以判断应该使用Nor。22.答案:acceptto解析 动词不定式符号to的缺失。get sb. to do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，其中的动词不定式符号to不能省略。23.答案:HenceBut解析 衔接错误。前句说“很多人认为悲伤是抑郁的标志”，接着布鲁斯说“实际上老年患者则表现为缺乏幸福感他们不能

24、享受生活。他们焦躁不安并且脾气暴躁。”由此可见两句话之间是转折关系，而不是顺承关系，所以使用But。24.答案:desperatedespair解析 词性混用。desperate和despair都表示“绝望”，但是desperate是形容词，不能直接作谓语，而despair是动词。25.答案:abilitydisability解析 语义错误。本句说“如果这些人有身体残疾或者严重疾病的话，人们就更难意识到这些老年人的抑郁症了。”a functional disability表示“残疾”。26.答案:takeit解析 It句型错误。本句中take的宾语是后面的宾语从句“when an older

25、person says.”，seriously是补语，因此需要it作形式宾语。27.答案:liveliving解析 固定搭配错误。be worth doing sth. 表示“值得做什么”，必须使用动词-ing形式。28.答案:fewfewer解析 形容词比较级错误。此处说“老年人患抑郁症的症状要比年轻患者少”，并且有明显的比较连词than，因此应该使用比较级。29.答案:structuredstructure解析 虚拟语气错误。表示“建议”的动词如suggest，recommend等后面接宾语从句时需要使用虚拟语气，从句谓语部分用should+动词原形，should可以省略。30.答案:on

26、on解析 介词冗余。此处句子意思为“到咖啡店里消磨时间”，应该使用hang out“消磨时间”。 A trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headline: Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals. The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America, received widely media attention.

27、On NBCs Today Show, 31 Lea Thompson said, According to a new online survey, one in 10 teenagers has an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or 32 liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it but nearly half think they wont get caught. Several newspapers 33 mentioned

28、the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australias Gold Coast Bulletin. Are millions of kids really buying booze online? To arrive that 34 shocking headline, the group used some questioning logic to pump 35 up the results from a survey that was already tilted

29、in favor of finding 36 a large number of online buyer. For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors which compete 37 with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage

30、pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didnt delve more deeply 38 on how the numbers were computed. 39 The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in return, hired San Diego polling firm Luth 40 Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and