初中状语从句

1、状语从句状语从句 adverbial clause 八八 种种 时时 态态 一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 陈述句中没有助动词的陈述句中没有助动词的 一般现在时一般现在时 主主+be+ 主主+v(复复)/vs(单单) 一般过去时一般过去时 主主+was/were/+ 主主+过去式过去式+ 陈述句中有助动词的陈述句中有助动词的 一般将来时一般将来时 主主+will(1)+v原原(2) 主主+be going to(1)+v原原(2) 过去将来时过去将来时 主主

2、+would(1)+v原原(2) 主主+was/were going to(1)+v原原(2) 现在进行时现在进行时 主主+be(1)+ving(2) 过去进行时过去进行时 主主+was/were(1)+ving(2) 现在完成时现在完成时 主主+has/have(1)+过去分词过去分词(2) 过去完成时过去完成时 主主+had(1)+过去分词过去分词(2) 什么是状语？ he speaks english very well. you are very beautiful. （） （） （） 主语谓语宾语 状语 主语谓语 表语 状语 用来修饰用来修饰动词动词，形容词形容词，副词副词 以及全句

3、的句子成分，叫做以及全句的句子成分，叫做 状语状语。adverbial modifier (adv.) 用作状语的通常是用作状语的通常是副词副词，介词介词 短语短语，不定式不定式和和从句从句等。等。 状语从句？ u在复合句中表示的状语在复合句中表示的状语 u可以用来修饰可以用来修饰谓语谓语（包括（包括 非谓语动词）、非谓语动词）、定语定语、状状 语语或整个句子。或整个句子。 必须符合“从句的三个必须” 必须是句子；必须有连接词；必须是陈述句 用一个句子充当状语成分，那个句子 就是状语从句。 表示时间 一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句 when, as ,while, before, after

4、, till, until, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the first time. （名词性短语） when while as 当他回到家的时候，我正在做饭 我到了那边就给你打电话。 一般情况下，从句的谓语动一般情况下，从句的谓语动 词用词用“一般现在时一般现在时”表示表示 “一般将来时一般将来时”，用，用“现在现在 完成时完成时”表示表示“将来完成时将来完成时” i met her while i was at school. 说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。 时间状语从句可以由以下连词或词组引导时间状语从句可

5、以由以下连词或词组引导 abcd when 当当时时 before 在在之前之前 as soon as 一一就就 hardly when 一一就就 while 当当时时 after 在在之后之后 the moment 一一就就 scarcelywhen 刚一刚一就就 as 当当时时 since 自从自从以来以来 the minute 一一就就 no sooner .than 一一就就 whenever 无论何时无论何时 till/ until 直到直到 every/ each time 每次每次 instantly/ directly 一一就就 当当tom 正在看电视的时候，他妻子正在看电视的

6、时候，他妻子 正在做饭。正在做饭。 while tom was watching tv, his wife was cooking. 地点状语从句表示地点、地点状语从句表示地点、 方位，方位， 这类从句这类从句 通常由通常由wherewhere, , whereverwherever引导。引导。 u指具体地点时，从句可用于主句指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前之前或或之后之后； the house stood where the two roads meet.the house stood where the two roads meet. u表示抽象条件的含义时，必须放在表示抽象条件的含义时，

7、必须放在主句之前主句之前。 where there is a will, there is a way.where there is a will, there is a way. 【注意】【注意】 “ “哪里哪里哪里就哪里就”； 主句在从句后面时，主句在从句后面时，therethere可用可不用；如可用可不用；如 果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用therethere。 you should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 句型句型1：where地点从句，（

8、地点从句，（there） 主句。主句。 【注意】【注意】anywhereanywhere副词，但可引导从副词，但可引导从 句，相当于连词，意思相似于句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, wherever, anywhereanywhere引导的从句引导的从句, , 可在主句之前或之后。可在主句之前或之后。 而而whereverwherever本身就本身就 是个连词，表示是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处在何处，无论何处”。 句型句型2：anywhere/ wherever地点从句，地点从句， 主句。主句。 wherever the sea is , you will find seame

9、n. 有海就有海员。有海就有海员。 地点状地点状语语从句从句 vs.vs. 定定语语从句从句 where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地 点的名词作点的名词作先行词先行词；状语从句前则；状语从句前则无需先行词无需先行词。 go back where you came from.(地点状语从句）地点状语从句） 你从何处来到何处去。你从何处来到何处去。 go back to the village where you came from.(定语从句，修饰定语从句，修饰villagevillage) 回到你来的那个村子里去。回到你来的那个村子里去。 1 we

10、were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. a. when b. while c. until d. before “当我们正在湖里游泳的时候突然暴风雨开始了当我们正在湖里游泳的时候突然暴风雨开始了”， 表示主句的动作处于从句的动作突然发生时应采用表示主句的动作处于从句的动作突然发生时应采用whenwhen (while(while不适合用于这样的语境不适合用于这样的语境) )， whenwhen表示表示“当当的时候的时候”受限制条件最少。受限制条件最少。 your topic goes here your subtopic

11、goes here wherewhere引导定语从句，表示地点。引导定语从句，表示地点。 strike while the iron is hot. a friend is never known till a man has need. 趁趁热热打打铁铁 all things are difficult before they are ready.万事开万事开头难头难 需要之需要之时时方知友方知友 as every thread of gold is valuable, so every moment of time. 一寸光阴一寸金一寸光阴一寸金 无烟不起火无烟不起火/ / 无无风风不起浪

12、不起浪 where there is smoke, there is fire. as a man sows, so he shall reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 表示原因 三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句 最常用的连词是: because， since， as， now （that）等 because, as, since, for 语气 位置意义 because 最强前或后 “原因”；表客 观因果关系；回答“” as较强 前 “由于”；把众 人所知的事实当作理由 since 较弱 前 “既然”；就对 方陈述的事实作为理由 for 最弱 后 “理由”；对某 一事实进行推

13、断的理由 注：上面所说的注：上面所说的“前前”，指从句在主句之，指从句在主句之 前；前；“后后”，指从句在主句之后。，指从句在主句之后。 eg: he is absent today because he was ill. as it is snowing，we shall not go out. you couldnt see him, for he wasnt there.（不句首）（不句首） 4. since you are ill, i will go alone. 表示结果 四、结果状语从句四、结果状语从句 可以由可以由 so that， so.that， such.that so

14、that, sothat, suchthat so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结 果。 注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无 情态动词表结果。情态动词表结果。 sothat “如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常 见于： 1.so+形副that 2.so+形a(an)单数名词that 3.somany/much复数名词（不可数名词） +that suchthat“如此的以致于”表结果。该结 构常见于： 1.sucha(an)形名词that 2.such形复数名词不可数名词that e.g. he was so angry that he left the ro

15、om without a word. 他很生气他很生气,一句话不说就一句话不说就 离开了房间。离开了房间。 it is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. the box is so heavy that nobody can move it. the box is so heavy as nobody can move . i didnt go early, so that i didnt get a seat. 表示目的 四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句 主要的引导词有主要的引导词有: so that， in order that， 目的状语

16、从句常常含有情态动词。目的状语从句常常含有情态动词。 e.g. they are hurrying so that / in order that they may not miss the train. 他们为了赶他们为了赶 上火车而匆匆忙忙。上火车而匆匆忙忙。 he works hard in order that / so that he can serve his country well. 表示条件 五、条件状语从句五、条件状语从句 最常用的引导词有最常用的引导词有: if， if only（if 的强调式）, unless (= if not)， as long as， so lo

17、ng as e.g. as long as i live, i shall work hard. you cant learn it well unless you work hard. if you want to know ,i can tell you. 表示让步 六、让步状语从句六、让步状语从句 主要的引导词有主要的引导词有: though， although，as even if， even though however, whatever , whenever等 though, although, as, though, although在句首表“尽管”两者都 可以用。但句后不能再

18、用but。 下列情况只能用though： as though (=as if); even if (=even though) 在句末表示“然而” as表示“尽管”，从句的表语、状语等 成分要倒装。 whatever, however, wherever, whenever 它们是what, how, where, when的强势强势 语气语气。分别等于： no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when e.g. i wont mind even if (though) he doesnt come. though i

19、t was cold, she went out without an overcoat. young as/though he is, he knows a lot. whether it shines or rains, i will go. no matter who / whoever comes here, i will not let him in. you can take whatever you like. 表示比较 八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句 主要由主要由 than， as.as, the morethe more 这类从句常常有一些成分没有表示出来: e.g. th

20、e more you eat, the fatter you are. john is less clever than tom. he is not so/as clever as his brother. 前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主 从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型，从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型， 每种句型分别对应独特的句式每种句型分别对应独特的句式 what were you doing when the ufo arrived? what are you doing when th

21、e ufo arrives? i would leave if he came. i will leave if he comes. the train had been away when i arrived. 过去配过去过去配过去 过去配过去过去配过去 现在配现在现在配现在 现在配现在现在配现在 前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主 从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型，从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型， 每种句型分别对应独特的句式每种句型分别对应独特的句式 过去类：过去类：.过去进行过去进行 when

22、 一般过去一般过去 现在类：现在类：现在进行现在进行 when 一般现在一般现在 过去类：过去将来过去类：过去将来 when 一般过去一般过去 现在类：一般将来现在类：一般将来when 一般现在一般现在 过去完成过去完成 when 一般过去一般过去 1 _ they had worked for along time, everyone looked tired. a while b after c unless d for 2 he has been a teacher _ he came to the country. a since b until c as d when 3 he ha

23、s had to cook by himself _ his mother went on business to beijing. a during b since c after dwhen 4 it is ten years _ i saw you last time. a since b when c that d if 5 he always thinks im wrong, _ i may say. a no matter whatever b whatever c what d that 6 you should run the machine _ the workers has

24、 shown you. a as b and c but dso 7 _ , mother will wait for him to have dinner together. a however late is he b however he is late c however is he late d however late he is 8 you shall have the book _ i have read it. a so that b though c as soon as d since 9 the man put on a overcoat _ keep himself

25、warm. a that b so that to c in order that din order to 10 he has changed so much _ i can hardly recognize him. a as b so that c that dbut 11 wounded _ he was, he refused to come back from the front. a as b though c although dboth a and b 12 well both wait here _ you get back. a so that b that c unti

26、l dfor 13 some people want to go hunting, _ others want to go finishing. aor b.because c.while d.since 14 bad habits, _ formed, are difficult to get rid of. a and b once c or d but 15 you must get up early in the morning, _ well have to start out without you. a and b or c but d so that 16 would you

27、please wait _ i come back. a if b when c because dtill 17 he couldnt come _ he wanted to. a as b because c although dfor 18 _ you gave a party and no one come, what would you do? a although b if c unless dwhen 19 you may borrow the book _ you keep it clean. a as long as b when c after d unless 20. j

28、ohn plays football _ , if not better than, david. a as well b as well as c so well d so well as (三三)状语从句状语从句中考真题中考真题 1. its difficult to make her dream come true, she never gives up. a. though b. unless c. because d. if 2. its quite common in britain to say “thank you” to the drivers people get off

29、the bus. a. after b. since c. until d. when 3. your dream wont come true you know what your dream is. a. after b. unless c. while d. since a d b 4. -how was your climbing on mount tai? -i didnt believe i could do it i got to the top. a. until b. unless c. after d. when 5. i arrived at the airport the plane had taken off. a. after b. while c. when d. before 6. the water was cold, wei qinggang jumped into it to save others. a. although b. when c. if d. because a a a 7. we wont start the meeting our teacher arrives. a. though b. until c