初三直接引语变间接引语的讲解

1、2021/3/141 Direct speech 直接引语 Reported speech 间接引语. 直接引述别人的 话,要加引号 用自己的话转述 别人的话,不用 引号 2021/3/142 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一.一.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括把它放在括 号内号内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语; 二二. 用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引这叫间接引 语语 . 2021/3/143 ）人称的变化）人称的变化 一一 随随 主主 二随宾二随宾 三三 不不 变变 引号内的第一人引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主称变间引后与主

2、 句主语的人称保句主语的人称保 持一致持一致 引号内的第二人引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保 持一致持一致 引号内的第三人引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人称在变间引后去人 称不变称不变 She said,“ I like Tennis.” She said that she liked tennis He said to Lily, “ you must get up early” He told Lily that she must get up early She said to me , “ They want to help him” She

3、told me that That they wanted help him 一随主一随主,二随宾二随宾,三不变三不变 2021/3/144 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 不变不变 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 2021/3/145 直接引语中的时间状语转换规则直接引语中的时间状语转换规则: : 2021/3/146 记住记住:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和 动词的变化动词的变化 2021

4、/3/147 “一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句如果从句 中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句 中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. 2021/3/148 The boy said ,” Im reading a book.” Direct speech 直

5、接引语直接引语 The boy said (that) he was reading a book. Reported speech 间接引语间接引语. 2021/3/149 “二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引是指直接引语变间接引 语时语时, ,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二若从句中的主语及宾语是第二 人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中 的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一 致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。 也可以用第一人称也可以用第一人称, ,如如: : He said to Kate. How is your si

6、ster now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then。 2021/3/1410 “第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间是指直接引语变间 接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是 第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的 人称一般不需要变化如人称一般不需要变化如: Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. 2021/3/1411 Practice: 1) He said,“ My b

7、rother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam. 2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then. 3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student 4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had

8、 left _ book in _ room. his her she heher my 2021/3/1412 He says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher?” He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher. He asked me, Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. My sister asked me : “ What is your friend?” My sister asked m

9、e what my friend was. Jack asked me, How do you like the film? Jack asked me how I liked the film. The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” The solider ordered us to be quiet. He said to her,“Open the door, please.” He asked her to open the door. She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.” She says (that) sh

10、e will go to Beijing the next month. He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” He often tells me that he will tell me about them. 2021/3/1413 记住记住: 动词时态的变化动词时态的变化 2021/3/1414 1 陈述句陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时, 用连词用连词that引导（引导（that在口语中常省略）在口语中常省略） 一般现在时一般现在时 He said, “ I can do well in

11、 English.” 现在进行时现在进行时 He said, “Im writing a letter.” 一般将来时一般将来时 Tom said to me “I will call you tomorrow” 一般过去时一般过去时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去将来时过去将来时 He said that he could do well in English. He said that he was writing a letter. Tom told me that he would call me the next day. 2021/3/1415 注注: 如果主句是一般现在时如果主句是一

12、般现在时,直接引语变间直接引语变间 接引语时接引语时,从句的时态不变。从句的时态不变。 He says, “Im not good at math. ” He says that he is not good at math. 2021/3/1416 注意注意: (1)如果在当天转述如果在当天转述today,yesterday, tomorrow 等等 时间状语也不必改变时间状语也不必改变。 (2)如果在当地转述如果在当地转述,here 不必改为不必改为there,动词动词come 不必改为不必改为go. (3)当转述客观真理时当转述客观真理时,直接引语变为间接引语时直接引语变为间接引语时,时

13、时 态不变。如态不变。如: 1.He said , “The moon moves around the earth. He said that the moon moves around the earth. (4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时, 也经常用一般现在时。也经常用一般现在时。 My teacher said, “Tom is a good student. ” My teacher said Tom is a good student. 2021/3/1417 I I cancan speak three languages

14、. speak three languages. He He saidsaid he he couldcould speak speak three languages.three languages. What did he say? 2021/3/1418 What did he say? 2021/3/1419 WearehavingapartyforLana. What did they say? They said they were having a party for Lana. 2021/3/1420 she was hard-working, I am hard- worki

15、ng. What did she say?She said she was not lazy. What did she say? She said I am not lazy. 2021/3/1421 he was good at playing basketball. What did he say?He said Im good at playing basketball. 2021/3/1422 I am good at English. She said she was good at English. What did she say? What did she say? I do

16、 well in English. She said she did well in English. do well in I do well in English. 2021/3/1423 I go to beach every Sunday. What did he say? He said he_. went to beach every Sunday 2021/3/1424 What did she say? She said she_. would call me tomorrow I will call you tomorrow. 2021/3/1425 “What are yo

17、u doing?” She asked me I was doing. whatwhat 2021/3/1426 “Why do you like English?” He asked me I liked English whywhy 2021/3/1427 “Where does he live?” She asked me he lived. wherewhere 2021/3/1428 “How does she go to school?” She asked me She went to school. howhow 2021/3/1429 “Do you know my name

18、?” She asked me I knew her name.Whether / if 是否是否 2021/3/1430 Whendoyouhavemath? (Theyaskedhim) They asked him when you have math you have math. had They asked him when he had math. Summary(总结总结) 1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语 2021/3/1431 Doyouhavemath? (Theyaskedhim) They asked him Whether/if you h

19、ave math you have math. had They asked him whether/if he had math. 2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语 2021/3/1432 将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语: 1. Lana said, Im going to have a surprise party for Maria. Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria. 2021/3/1433 Canyouplaythepiano

20、? (Theyaskedhim) They asked him Whether/if You can play the piano you can play the piano. could They asked him whether/if he could play the piano. 2021/3/1434 1.She said to me “ Why are you interested in science?” She asked me _ _ _interested in science. 2. He asked him “when will you buy the red co

21、at?” He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat. 3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?” Shirley asked me _ _ _ born. 4. “ Whats wrong with you?” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ _ _ with _. 5. The girl asked me “What happened?” The girl asked me _ _. Exercise s: why I was when he would where I was what w

22、as wrong me what happened 2021/3/1435 1. “Where is she from?” He asked where she was from. 2. “How old are they?” He asked how old they were. 3. “Whats the weather like today?” He asked what the weather was like that day. 4. “How do you go to school?.” He asked how you went to school. 5. “Who is sin

23、ging?” He asked who was singing. 6. “When do you get up?” He wanted to know when I got up. 2021/3/1436 here over here tonight now today yesterday tomorrow last week/month/year next week/month/year ago the day after tomorrow this these come bring there over there that night then that day the day befo

24、re the next day the week/moth/yearbefore the next week/month/year before two days later that those go take 2021/3/1437 5、如果是在当天或在原地转达、如果是在当天或在原地转达,则上述时间状语则上述时间状语 或地点状语一律或地点状语一律 2021/3/1438 2. The teacher said, My students are hard- working. The teacher said that his/ her students were hardworking. 3

25、. Tom told Jane, I will lend my bicycle to you. Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane. 2021/3/1439 5.She said to him, “Its time to go home.” 4.Mr.Wang said,“I will leave for Shanghai next month.” Mr. Wang said that he would leave for Shanghai the next month. She told him that it w

26、as time to go home. 2021/3/1440 2. 直接引语如果是疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时,要要 把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 1）一般疑问句。用）一般疑问句。用whether或或if(是否）是否）引导。引导。 主句中的动词是主句中的动词是said时改为时改为asked,没有间接宾语没有间接宾语 的的,可以加一个间接宾语可以加一个间接宾语me/him /her。 Eg. He said, “Are you a student?” 疑问语序疑问语序 He asked me whether /if I was a stu

27、dent. 陈述语序 2021/3/1441 2) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时由直接引语变为间接引语时, 仍用原来的疑仍用原来的疑 问词引导问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatherasked hisson. Eg.The policeman asked the small boy, “Where do you live?” The policeman asked the small boy where he lived. Father asked his son where he was

28、 going 疑问语序疑问语序 陈述语序陈述语序 疑问语序疑问语序 陈述语序陈述语序 2021/3/1442 3. 当直接引语是祈使句当直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时,间接祈使间接祈使 句的引述动词句的引述动词常用常用tell, ask, order, 等等, 而把直接引语的祈使句变成而把直接引语的祈使句变成带带 (not) to的不定式短语的不定式短语。 句型句型: tell/ask/order sb (not)to do sth 如如: 2021/3/1443 1Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stop talking.” 老师对学生们说老师对学生

29、们说:“不要讲话了。不要讲话了。” Theteachertoldthestudentstostop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。老师让学生们不要说话了。 2.Theteachersaidtous,”Dontplayinclass. Theteachertold/askedusnottoplayinclass. 2021/3/1444 1 The girl said,“I will have a party.” The girl said (that) she would have a party. 2 He asked me,“Is your father a doctor?”

30、He asked me if /whether my father was a doctor. 3 The police asked the man ,“Where are you going?” The police asked the man where he was going. 2021/3/1445 4 Mother said to Tom,“get up earlier!” Mother told/asked Tom to get up earlier. 5 The teacher said to us,“ Dont talk in class!” The teacher told

31、 /asked us not to talk in class. 6 The teacher said,“ The moon goes around the earth.” The teacher said(that) the moon goes around the earth. 2021/3/1446 1. “I am good at English ,” Lucy said. 2. “Li Lei is reading a book,” Peter said to Lucy. 3. “We will have a football match,” he told his mother.

32、Lucy said she was good at English. Peter told Lucy that Li Lei was reading a book. He told his mother they would have a football match . 二二. 把下列句子变为间接引语。把下列句子变为间接引语。 2021/3/1447 4. “They go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday,” the boy said. The boy said they went to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. 5. She asked me, Why do you want to do this? She asked me why I wanted to do that. 2021/3/1448 Summary 1当直接引语是陈述句当直接引语是陈述句:由由( that) 引导引导 主语（主语（said) that+句子（时态往过去推句子（