英语语音教程教案

1、英语语音教程教案张业雀Unit 1 本章的学习内容是音节、重音、节奏及如何打招呼和道别。音节(Syllable)：能构成音节的音必须是比邻近的音更为响亮而突出的音。元音的发音响亮，所有的元音都能构成音节。辅音的发音较弱，一般不能单独构成音节，只有三个响辅音mnl可以同它们前面的另外一个辅音构成章节。例：good /Jd/ (1) father /5fB:TE/ (2) familiar /fE5miljE/ (3) practice English / 5prAktis 5iNliF/ (4)重音(Stress)：在双音节或多音节英语单词里，通常有一个音节特别响亮，这个音节就是具有单词重音的音

2、节。重音音节的音调通常更长、更响亮、更高。有三种强度不同的级别：重音、次重音、非重音。由两个名词组成的合成词，重音通常落在第一个名词上。例：beautiful /5bju:tEful/ (3) important / im5pC:tEnt / (3) pronunciation / prE7nQnsi5eiFEn/ (5) possibility /7pCsi5biliti/ (5) snowman /5snEJmAn/ (2) cowboy /5kaJbCI/ (2)节奏(Rhythm)：英语节奏的特点表现为重读音节出现的间隔大致相等。例： There are 10 students in

3、the class. (8) They will have a meeting tomorrow. (9) I bought a book yesterday. (7) 语言功能：打招呼、道别 常用句型：1. hello/hi 2. my name is 3. Shall I call you? 4. Good to see you. 5. See you later.Unit 2 本章的学习内容是英语的塞音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/，如何介绍自己、互相介绍。 英语的塞音(Stops)也称为爆破音，发音器官某些部位形成阻塞，受阻的气流被逼近闭塞部位后方，形成阻碍的发音器官迅

4、速分开，受阻气流爆破而出，发音短促，声音不能延续。塞音共六个可分三对，每一对的发音部位、发音方法均相同，只有声带振动与否（清或浊）及送气不送气的区别。 清/送气 浊/不送气 双唇音： /p/ /b/ 齿龈音： /t/ /d/ 软腭音： /k/ /g/ 注意每一对塞音的辨音： pig /pi/ big /bi/ pill /pil/ bill /bil/ pack /pAk/ back /bAk/ tear /tiE/ dear /diE/ bet /bet/ bed /bed/ letter / 5letE/ ladder/5lAdE/ coast /kEust/ ghost /Eust/ l

5、eak /li:k/ league /li:/ worker / 5wE:kE/ vigor /5viE/ 语言功能：介绍自己、互相介绍 常用句型：1. This is 2. Glad/nice to meet you 3. My name is 4. How do you do! 5. Its a pleasure to meet you. Unit 3本章的学习内容摩擦音、破擦音/f/ /v/ /W/ /T/ /s/ /z/ /F/ /V/ /tF/ /dV/ /h/, 如何描述物品、谈论工作。发摩擦音(Fricatives)时，空气通道上并不形成完全的阻塞，而是由有关的发音器官形成狭窄的

6、缝隙，让气流从中流出时摩擦成音。摩擦音共有九个，除声门音/h/以外，其余八个也可分为清浊对应的四组音： 清/送气 浊/不送气双唇音： /f/ /v/舌齿音： /W/ /T/齿龈音： /s/ /z/齿龈硬腭音： /F/ /V/声门音： /h/例：fan /fAn/ van /vAn/ life /laif/ live /laiv/ ferry /5feri / very/5veri/ bath /bB:W/ bathe/beiT/thank /WANk/ than / TAn/ theme /Wi:m/ them/Wem/raiser /5reisE/ razor /5reizE/ sewn /

7、sEun/ zone /zEun/ seal /si:l / zeal/zi:l/ she/Fi:/ sea/si:/ash / AF/ as / As/ shoot / Fu:t/ soot / sut/vision / 5viVEn/ reason / 5ri:zn/ decision / di5siVEn/ season / 5si:zn/ 发破擦音(Affricates)时，发音器官的某些部位之间构成阻塞，与塞音的成阻状态相同；维持阻塞状态时间极短；受阻气流冲开阻塞，从摩擦音形成的窄缝中摩擦而出。 清/送气 浊/不送气硬腭齿龈音： /tF/ /dV/例：choke /tFEuk/ jo

8、ke/dVEuk/ chin /tFin/ jean /dVein/ catch /kAtF/ carriage /5kAridV/辅音连缀(Consonant clusters)是指两个或两个以上的辅音连续出现的现象。辅音连缀在英语中十分常见，如在still, think中分别出现了s+t和n+k的连缀；在splashed / splAFt / 中，前后都出现了辅音连缀。在词语一连串出现的时候，词间的辅音连缀的现象就更为常见，也更为复杂了。如： They reached that collapsed stronghold.上句后面四个词的连接处都有辅音连缀。例：sketch /sketF/

9、broom /bru:m/ neutral /5nju:trEl / false /fC:ls / hundredth / 5hQndrEdW/I looked everywhere but found nobody. The police stopped the car and questioned the driver. 语言功能：如何描述物品、谈论工作常用句型：1. Ill have a busy day. Firstthenthen 2. What kind would you like? 3. How about ? 4. Ill take some. 5. How much Uni

10、t 4 本章的学习内容是鼻腔音、延续音、旁流音：/m/ /n/ /N/ /l/ /w/ /r/ /j/，如何获取信息、表达信息。发英语三个鼻腔音(Nasals)/m/ /n/ /N/时，软腭必须下垂以便打开鼻腔通道，让气流由鼻腔汇出。鼻音都是浊音，发音时声带振动，声音可延长。例：beam /bi:m/ bin /bin/ bring /briN/ lamp / lAmp/ lane /lein / laying / 5leiiN/Tim / tim/ tin /tin/ ting / tiN/ mice /mais/ nice/nais/ 延续音(Approximants)有三个/w/ /r/

11、 /j/。/r/兼有元音和辅音的某些特点。在发音上接近于元音，但起的作用是辅音。/w/ /j/从发音特点看接近于元音，发音时气流在空气通道上不受阻碍，也不产生摩擦，声带振动，音可延长。这两个音所起的作用是辅音，不能独立形成音节。分辨/w/v/,例：went /went/ vent/vent/ weal / wi:l / veal / vi:l/ wane /wein/ vane/vein/ 分辨/j/i:/,例：yield /ji:ld/ ill / il / yeast / ji:st/ east / i:st/ year /jiE/ ear / iE/旁流音(Lateral)只有一个/l/

12、。/l/有两种念法，清晰/l/和含糊/l/。清晰/l/出现在元音和/j/前面，含糊/l/出现在除/j/以外的其它辅音或词末。分辨清晰/l/与含糊/l/，例：look / luk/ cool /ku:l/ seal /si:l / sealer / 5si:lE/ late / leit / tale / teil/分辨/l/n/, 例：lumber /5lQmbE/ number /5nQmbE/ lever /5levE/ never /5nevE/ slack /slAk/ snack/snAk/ lock /lCk/ knock /nCk/分辨/l/r/，例：berry / 5beri/

13、 belly / 5beli / correct / kE5rekt/ collect / kE5lekt/rest /rest/ lest /lest/ present /5plezEnt / pleasant /5plezEnt/语言功能：获取信息、表达信息常用句型：1. Where ? 2. When? 3. What ? 4. Who? 5. Why ? 6. How ?Unit 5本章的学习内容是前元音和中元音：/i:/ /i/ /e/ /A/ /E/ /E:/，如何询问原因、说明原因前元音(Front vowels)有四个/i:/ /i/ /e/ /A/，发音时，舌尖大体都抵住上齿

14、，舌的抬起部位都在舌前部，唇形均为扁唇，因此称作前元音。中元音(Central vowels)有两个/E/ /E:/，发音时，舌尖都轻抵或离开下齿，舌的抬起部位都在舌中部，唇形均为中常，既不圆也不扁，因此称作中元音。分辨/i:/ /i/，例：deed /di:d/ did /did/ peak /pi:k/ pick /pik/beat /bi:t / bit /bit/ team / ti:m/ Tim /tim/分辨/e/ /A/，例：ten /ten/ tan / tAn/ bet /bet/ bat / bAt/merry / 5meri/ marry /5mAri/ red /red

15、/ rat /rAt/分辨 /i/ /e/，例：did /did/ dead /ded/ wit / wit/ wet /wet/till / til/ tell /tel/ chick /tFik/ check/ tFek/分辨/E/ /E:/，例：turn / tE:n/ turner / 5tE:nE/ thirty / 5WE:ti/ the / TE/bird /bE:d/ banana /bE5nB:nE/ learn /lE:n/ learner /5lE:nE/语言功能：如何询问原因、说明原因常用句型：1. Why ? 2. Frankly speaking 3. That c

16、ant be the reason. 4. because Unit 6 本章的学习内容是后元音：/B:/ /Q/ /R:/ /R/ /u:/ /u/，如何提出建议。后元音(Back vowels)有六个/B:/ /Q/ /R:/ /R/ /u:/ /u/，发音时，舌尖均离开下齿，舌的抬起部位都在舌后部，因此称作后元音。分辨/R:/ /R/，例：short /FC:t/ shot / FCt/ pock / pCk/ pork / pC:k/stock /stCk/ stalk /stC:k/ port /pC:t/ pot / pCt/分辨/B:/ /Q/，例：come / kQm/ cal

17、m /kB:m/ cut /kQt/ cart /kB:t/bun /bQn/ barn /bB:n/ hut /hQt/ hart /hB:t/分辨/u:/ /u/，例fool /fu:l / full/ ful/ pool /pu:l/ pull /pul/shoot / Fu:t/ should /Fud/ look /luk/ loot /lu:t/语言功能：如何提出建议常用句型：1. How/what about ? 2. I suggest 3. Lets Unit 7 本章的学习内容是双元音(Diphthongs)：/ei/ /Bi/ /Ri/ /Eu/ /Bu/ /iE/ /Z

18、E/ /uE/，如何谈论个人的喜好。/ei/ /Bi/ /Ri/ /Eu/ /Bu/称作合口双元音。发这5个双元音时，舌头从第一个音的位置开始，向第二个音的方向滑动（应一气呵成），在快到第二个音的位置时停止。第一个音较强较长，第二个音既短又含糊。在整个滑动过程中，开口度由大变小，舌的前后、唇形也都随之变化。/iE/ /ZE/ /uE/称作集中双元音。与合口双元音的发音方法一样，发集中双元音时，舌头也是从第一个音的位置一气呵成地滑向第二个音，在快到时止，第一个音比第二个音强。分辨/ei/ /Bi/ /Ri/，例：lay / lei/ lie / lai / loin /lCin/ fail /f

19、eil/ file / fail / foil /fCil/tape /teip/ type / taip/ toy /tCi/ ray /rei/ right /rait/ royal / 5rCiEl /分辨/Eu/ /Bu/，例：know /nEu / now/nau/ load /lEud/ loud /laud/bowl /bEul/ bow /bau/ tone /tEun/ town /taun/分辨/iE/ /ZE/ /uE/，例：sheer /FiE/ share /FZE/ sure /FuE/ beer / biE / bare / bZE/ boor / buE /cl

20、ear / kliE / Clare / klZE / cure / kjuE / peer / piE / pear / pZE / poor / puE /分辨/e/ei/,例：pet / pet / pate / peit / deck / dek / day / dei /let / let / late / leit / met / met / mate/ meit /语言功能：如何谈论个人的喜好。常用句型：1. Whats your favorite ? 2. I love/like/prefer 3. What do you like to ?Unit 8 本章的学习内容是句子或

21、短语中的重读音节(Stressed Syllables)与非重读音节(Unstressed Syllables)，如何表示激动与惊喜。重音一般解释为音节发音时所用气力的强度，这种强度可以分为三个级别：重音、次重音、非重音。发重读音节时用的气力大，发非重读音节时用的气力小。多音节单词里出现的次重读音节的强度介于两者之间。1. 同一元音字母在不同单词里重音可能发生变化，例：phone /fEun/ telephone / 5telifEun/ some /sQm/ handsome / 5hAnsEm/ book / buk/ handbook /5hAnd7buk/ room / ru:m/ c

22、lassroom / 5klB:srum/2. 由两个名词合成的复合词，重音通常落在第一个名词上，例：football /5futbC:l/ milkman /5milkmEn/ blackboard /5blAkbC:d/3. 英语单词中有词形相同而词性不同的单词以重音区别词性，例：increase /5inkri:s/ (n.) increase /in5kri:s/ (v.) record /5rekC:d/ (n.) record /ri5kC:d/ (v.)absent /5AbsEnt/(adj.) absent /Ab5sEnt/ (v.) produce /prC5dju:s/

23、(n.) produce /prE5dju:s/(v.)4. 通过添加前缀或后缀形成的派生词重音会发生变化，例：possible /5pCsEbl/ possibility /7pCsi5biliti/ pronounce /prE5nauns/ pronunciation / prE7nQnsi5eiFEn/compare /kEm5pZE/ comparable /5kCmpErEbl/ music /5mju:zik/ musician /mju:5ziFEn/ 5. 由两个名词组成的短语与合成词用重音区别词义，例： 5horse 5shit(马粪) 5horseshit (胡说) 5b

24、lack 5list (黑色的名单) 5blacklist (黑名单) 5pig 5tail (猪尾) 5pigtail(辨子) a 5dancing 5girl (在跳舞的女孩) a 5dancing girl (舞女)语言功能：如何表示激动与惊喜。常用句型：1. I cant believe it. 2. Congratulations! 3. You must be Unit 9本章学习内容是句子或短语中的重读单词(Stressed words)与非重读单词(Unstressed words)，如何提供物品/帮助。英语单词在孤立发音时都具有重音，但在连贯的语句中，有些词会失去原有的重音，

25、象非重读音节一样读得又快又轻；而另外一些词却仍然保留自己的重音，这就形成了语句重音。一般来讲，实词（information words）,即名词、形容词、动词、副词和一部分代词，有语句重音；虚词（function words）, 即冠词、连词、介词、助动词、情态动词和另一部分代词，无语句重音。例：-What can I do for you?-I would like to buy a pair of gloves for my mother.-What material would you prefer? Cotton or wool?-Wool may be better.-How abo

26、ut this white pair?-It wears comfortable.-Yes, it is very good for old women. 语言功能：如何提供物品/帮助。常用句型：1. Can I help you ? 2. Would you like ? 3. How about ?Unit 10本章的学习内容是强读式(Strong forms)与弱读式(Weak forms)，如何提出忠告。强式与弱式是与语句重音有密切联系的一种音变现象。强式指单词的基本发音形式，一个单词一般只有一个强式；弱式指单词的弱读形式，发音往往是其基本发音形式的弱化，一个单词可能有好几种弱式。强式

27、一般出现在句子中重读的位置上，弱式则只出现在句子中非重读的位置上。具有强式和弱式两种发音形式的单词都是虚词（function words）。因为这些虚词一般出现在句子中非重读的位置上，它们的弱式就更为常用。虚词的弱式详见书本。注意使用强式和弱式时所引致的意义不同。例：1. I am a student. /Em/ Simple statement I am a student. /Am/ Not a teacher or anything else.2. Give him a seat. /im/ Simple statement Give him a seat. /him/ Not anyb

28、ody else3. He comes from America. /frEm/ Simple statement He comes from America. /frCm/ Not anywhere else. 4. The child can swim. / kEn/ Simple statement The child can swim. / kAn/ He surely can swim. 语言功能：如何提出忠告。常用句型：1. I suggest that 2. You should 3. Youd better 4. Have you ever thought of ?Unit 1

29、1本章的学习内容是意群中单词的连读(Linking)，如何询问是否许可，表示允许。在连贯的讲话或朗读时，停顿仅出现在句末或意群的末尾。在同一个意群中的词与词之间并无停顿，因此，前一词的末尾音与后一词的起首音应紧密相连，力求由前一词平滑自然地过渡到后一词。这种词与词之间自然平滑的过渡就叫做连读。1. 辅音元音连读，例：Come in. School is over. First of all. Part of it is right. 2. 元音元音连读，若前一词末尾音是/E/或/E:/可在中间连接处加/r/；其它两个不同元音连接，可加/j/或/w/例： /j/ /j/ /r/hurry up

30、see off her idea /w/You ask me to come at ten. 3. 辅音辅音连读，若是两个相同辅音，只读一辅音；若是两个不同辅音或是多个不同辅音，当辅音连缀处理，例： next stop speak fluently last tin good dog4. /t/-/j/连读，要读成/tF/，/d/-/j/,要读成/dV/， 例： Look at you. Wont you come back tonight? We need your help. Could you pass me the book?语言功能：如何询问是否许可，表示允许。常用句型：1. Can

31、 I ? 2. Certainly. 3. May I ? 4. You may Unit 12 本章的学习内容是英语的话语节奏(Rhythm)，如何提出请求。英语的话语节奏是由重音体现的。为了语气的抑扬顿挫和意思的正确表达，说话人在说话时对某些词语使用重读音节。节奏的特点是重读音节出现的间隔大致相等。我们把每一个句子的每一个重读音节与它后面的非重读音节看作一个节奏群，也就是说，无论每一个节奏群所含的音节有多少个，每一个节奏群所用的时间是一样的。为了做到这一点，说话人通过使用省略元音、使用弱式、连读等手段尽可能快地滑过非重读音节。例：1. Give him a pencil. 上句有两个节奏群

32、，读give him a 与pencil的时间要大致一样，因此him和a可采取弱式/im/和/E/和连读的方式。2. Help me. 一个节奏群 You help me. 一个节奏群 Can you help me? 一个节奏群 He asked, “Can you help me?” 两个节奏群语言功能：如何提出请求。常用句型：1. Do you think you could ? 2. I was wondering if you could help me Unit 13 本章的学习内容是英语语调(Intonation)的种类，如何问路与指路。英语常用的语调有降调、升调和降升调。降调（

33、the falling tune）是英语中最常用的语调。例：What are you doing?She has always been late for class. 升调（the rising tune）例：Do you like that model?Will he leave Guangzhou tomorrow?降升调（the falling-rising tune）例：A: Dont be angry, Jane. B: I am not angry, Im upset. How do you feel now?语言功能：如何问路与指路。常用句型：1. Where do you w

34、ant to go? 2. Im looking for 3. Where is ? 4. Go straight 5. Turn right/left. 6. Its near/next to 7. What can I do for you?Unit 14 本章的学习内容是英语的语调单位，如何进行比较。英语语调的基本单位是语调群（intonation group）。一个完整的语调群含有四个组成部分：调前（Pre-head）、调头(Head)、调核（Nucleus）和调尾（Tail）。调前指语调群中第一个重读音节前，音调接近最低音。调头指语调群中从第一个重读音节开始，直到调核之前的所有音节。

35、调核指一个语调群中最末一个带重音的音节。说话人的态度、感情以及真实含义的表达主要靠调核。因此，调核是一个语调群必不可少的组成部分。调尾指调核音节之后的非重读音节。语调群的四个组成部分中只有调核是必不可少的，其它三个部分有可能缺一两个，也可能三个都缺。在单音节词构成的语调群中就只有调核一个部分。例：She is talking with her sister. The normal pattern with the nucleus on the last stressed word.P H N TShe is talking with her sister. She is talking but

36、 not walking with her sister. H N TThey came here. Come on! Good!P N T N T N语言功能：如何进行比较。常用句型：使用形容词或副词的比较级或最高级1. the most 2. more than3. asas4. the same as Unit 15 本章的学习内容是英语语调的功能及使用，如何抱怨与道歉。英语语调的功能大致有四种：表达情感态度的功能（the attitudinal function）、表示重音的功能（the accentual function）、语法功能（the grammatical function

37、）、交际功能（the discourse function）。降调一般表示肯定、坚决、果断、完结。升调一般表示不肯定、未完结，常有委婉、含蓄、讲礼貌、虚心征求意见的意味。降升调一般表示保留、对比、含蓄，常隐含“言外之意”。例： A: Its my cat. Not a dog.B: Your cat? I thought its his cat. Not your cat. A: I bought it yesterday. Not given.B: Its a small one. Not big.A: Its small but its very cute. 语言功能：如何抱怨与道歉。常用

38、句型：1. Im awfully/terribly sorry. 2. I really cant 英语语音复习题I. Sound Discrimination. (10 points, 1 point each)Choose from the following groups of words the one you hear. Write down the corresponding letter in your Answer Sheet. Each of the words will be read twice. 1. A. went B. lend C. vent D. lent2.

39、A. pig B. big C. peak D. beak 3. A. lay B. lie C. loin D. known4. A. train B. drain C. tray D. dray 5. A. shoes B. shoot C. choose D. chew 6. A. sigh B. screw C. thigh D. through 7. A. Tim B. tin C. ting D. tick8. A. end B. and C. lend D. land9. A. deed B. did C. dead D. dad10. A. sheer B. share C.

40、sure D. fair II. Listen and respond. (10 points, 1 point each)Choose the correct matching answers/responses to the questions you hear. Write down the corresponding letter in your Answer Sheet. Each of the sentences will be read twice. Example: You hear: What a large crowd!A. There are so many people

41、. B. Its going to rain. Answer: A1. A. He has been to the new tower. B. He has taken the tour. 2. A. He will get a lot of money from the selling. B. He will enjoy the sailing. 3. A. Yes, its my last one. B. Yes, but I lost it. 4. A. Yes, they will take the last train this evening. B. Yes, they have

42、been living for twenty years. 5. A. Take the person to prison. B. Throw away the poison. 6. A. How much did they gain? B. The game was very exciting. 7. A. I saw the sheep in the garden. B. I saw the ship over the sea. 8. A. Yes, I like cards game. B. Yes, the cod is delicious. 9. A. He works for th

43、e American president. B. The house is white. 10. A. They were talking about a print. B. They were talking about a plan. III. Phonetic symbols. (20 points, 2 points each) Listen to the following sentences and write down the phonetic symbols of the words you hear. Each of the sentences will be read tw

44、ice. Example: I bought a new /5reInkEJt/ the other day. 1. They saw the and the old. 2. The was good. 3. I am not if he is coming. 4. It was the whole morning.5. He got it for . 6. You cant leave a house standing for too long. 7. The is going to give a talk.8. Would you opening the door?9. It is a d

45、ifficult . 10. He always spends more money than he can . IV. Spot Dictation (25 points, 2.5 points each) Listen to the following passage and fill in the missing words or phrases. The passage will be read three times. For several years, 1. have enjoyed teleshopping, 2. TV and buying things by phone.

46、Now teleshopping is 3. in Europe. In a number of 4. countries, people can turn on their TVs and 5. for clothes, jewelry, food, toys, and many other things.Teleshopping is becoming 6. in Sweden, for example. The biggest 7. company sells 8. kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries, and in one ye

47、ar it made 100 million. In 9. there are two teleshopping channels, and the French spend about 20 million a year to buy things through those 10. . V. Listen for information (15 points, 3 points each)Listen to the following dialogue and answer the following questions according to the information you hear from the dialogue. You will hear the dialogue three times. 1. Whats the relationship between the two speakers? Are they friends?2. Where will the girl be going?3. What can the man help the girl? 4. Where do