柏拉图法则分析

1、QC涓冩硶涔嬫煆鎷夊浘 1 璇?绋?鐩?鏍? 閫氳繃瀵规煆鎷夊浘璧锋簮銆佷綔鐢強鎴愬浘鐨勮璇村拰婕旂锛? 浣垮弬涓庤呰揪鍒扮啛鐭仛鏌忔媺鍥剧殑鐩殑锛屽苟鑳藉簲鐢簬瀹為檯 宸綔涓幓锛? 2 璇?绋?杩?绋? 1 2 3 4 娉剰浜嬮 鏌忔媺鍥剧畝瑕佽鏄庢煆鎷夊浘绠瑕佽鏄? 鍋氭煆鎷夊浘鐨勪綔鐢? 鏌忔媺鍥惧埗鍥炬楠? 4 妗堜緥 3 1897骞达紝鎰忓鍒粡娴庡瀹?V.pareto 锛?848鈥? 1923骞达級鍦垎鏋愮浼氱粡娴庣粨鏋勬椂鍙戠幇涓涓寰嬶紝 杩欎釜瑙勫緥灏辨槸80% 鐨勭浼氳储瀵屾帉鎻湪 20% 鐨勪汉 鎵嬩腑锛屽悗琚涓衡滄煆鎷夋硶鍒欌濄? 涓锛庢煆鎷夊浘鐨勭畝瑕佽鏄庝竴锛庢煆鎷夊浘

2、鐨勭畝瑕佽鏄? 鏈夎叮鍙堟湁鐞嗙殑20/80锛? 4 1907骞达紝缇庡浗缁忔祹瀛鍔充鸡鍏癸紙Lorenz锛変娇鐢? 绱鍒嗛厤鏇茬嚎鎻忕粯浜嗘煆鎷夊浘娉曞垯锛岃绉颁负鈥滃姵浼吂 鏇茬嚎鈥?930骞村悗锛屽搧绠嘲鏂楋紝缇庡浗鍝佺涓撳鏈卞叞鍗? 澹皢鍔充鸡鍏规洸绾垮簲鐢埌鍝佽川绠悊涓婏紝鍒涘嚭浜嗏淰ital Few, Trivial Many鈥? 閲嶈鐨勫皯鏁帮紝鐞愮粏鐨勫鏁?鐨勫悕 璇嶏紝绉颁负鈥滄煆鎷夊浘鍘熺悊鈥濄? 5 浜屽崄涓栫邯60涓栫邯骞翠唬锛屾棩鏈搧绠甯堢煶 宸濋鍦帹琛屼粬鑷繁鍙戞槑鐨?QCC 鍝佺鍦堟椂浣跨敤 浜嗘煆鎷夊浘锛屼粠鑰屾垚涓哄搧绠竷澶墜娉曚箣涓銆? 6 鏌忔媺鍥炬槸涓哄

3、鎵惧奖鍝嶄骇鍝佽川閲忕殑涓昏闂 锛?鐢粠楂樺埌浣庣殑椤哄簭鎺掑垪鎴愮煩褰紝琛鍚勫師鍥犲嚭 鐜伴鐜囬珮浣庣殑涓绉嶅浘琛? 鏌忔媺鍥剧殑瀹氫箟 7 鏌忔媺鍥剧殑浣跨敤瑕佷互鏌琛佸眰鍒硶涓哄墠鎻愶紝灏嗗眰鍒? 娉曞凡纭畾鐨勯鐩粠澶埌灏忚繘琛屾帓鍒楋紝鍐嶅姞涓婄疮绉肩殑鍥? 褰傛煆鎷夊浘鍙互甯姪鎴戜滑鎵惧嚭鍏抽敭鐨勯棶棰橈紝鎶撲綇閲嶈鐨? 灏戞暟鍙婃湁鐢殑澶氭暟锛岄傜敤浜庤鏁板肩粺璁紝涔熸湁浜虹鍏朵负 ABC鍥撅紝鍙堝洜涓烘煆鎷夊浘鐨勬帓鍒楁槸渚濆灏忛搴忥紝鏁呭張绉版帓 鍒楀浘銆? 8 浜屼簩.鏌忔媺鍥剧殑缁撴瀯缁撴瀯: 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 AHCDFM 鍏跺畠

4、0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00% 棰戞暟 绱鐧惧垎鐜? 5 4 3 2 1 1. 椤圭洰杞达紞锛峏杞? 2. 棰戞暟杞达紞锛嶄富Y杞? 5. 绱涓嶈壇鐜囨姌绾垮浘褰? 4. 绱涓嶈壇鐜囪酱锛嶏紞娆杞? 3. 棰戞暟鏌辩姸鍥惧舰; 锛堟渶澶间负鎵鏈夐鏁颁箣鍜岋級 锛堟渶澶间负100%锛? 9 浜屻佸仛鏌忔媺鍥剧殑浣滅敤浜屻佸仛鏌忔媺鍥剧殑浣滅敤 鍒嗘瀽鍏綋涓嶈壇鎯呭喌锛屾壘鍒伴噸鐐硅鍐崇殑闂锛?杈惧埌浜搧鐨勫搧璐敼鍠勩? 鏌忔媺鍥剧殑搴旂敤 1.浣滀负闄嶄綆涓嶅悎鏍肩殑渚濇嵁锛

5、氭兂闄嶄綆涓嶅悎鏍肩巼锛屽厛 缁樻煆鎷夊浘鐪嬬湅銆? 2.鍐冲畾鏀瑰杽鐩爣锛屾壘鍑洪棶棰樼偣銆? 3.纭畾涓昏鍥犵礌銆佹湁褰卞搷鍥犵礌鍜屾瑕佸洜绱犮? 4.鎶撲富瑕佸洜绱犺鍐宠川閲忛棶棰樸? 5.纭鏀瑰杽鏁堟灉(鏀瑰杽鍓嶃佸悗鐨勬瘮杈?銆? 10 1銆佷竴鑸潵璇达紝鍏抽敭鐨勫皯鏁伴鐩簲鏄湰QC灏忕粍鏈夎兘鍔涜鍐崇殑 鏈绐佸嚭鐨勪竴涓紝鍚垯灏卞鍘绘壘涓昏鐭涚浘鐨勬剰涔夛紝瑕佽冭檻閲?鏂拌繘琛岄鐩殑鍒嗙被锛? 2銆佺旱鍧愭爣鍙互鐢滀欢鏁扳濇垨鈥滈噾棰濃濈瓑鏉绀猴紝鍘熷垯鏄互 鏇村鍦版壘鍒扳滀富瑕侀鐩濅负鍑嗭紱 3銆佷笉澶噸瑕佺殑椤圭洰寰堝鏃讹紝妯酱浼氬彉寰楀緢闀匡紝閫氬父閮芥妸杩?浜涘垪鍏滃叾浠栤

6、濇爮鍐咃紝鍥犳鈥滃叾浠栤濇爮鎬诲湪鏈鍚庯紱 4銆佺瀹氫簡涓昏鍥犵礌锛岄噰鍙栦簡鐩稿簲鐨勬帾鏂藉悗锛屼负浜嗘鏌滄帾 鏂芥晥鏋溾濓紝杩樿閲嶆柊鐢诲嚭鎺掑垪鍥俱? 涓夈佹煆鎷夊浘缁樺埗娉剰瑕佺偣锛氫笁銆佹煆鎷夊浘缁樺埗娉剰瑕佺偣锛? 11 鍥涳紟鏌忔媺鍥惧埗浣滄楠? 姝1锛氭敹闆嗘暟鎹? 鍝佺閮皢8-17鈥?-24鐨勫帹鏌滅殑鍒剁涓嶈壇浣滃嚭缁熻锛屽叾涓娊鏍? 2800浠讹紝鎬讳笉鑹暟涓?48浠讹紝鍏朵腑涓嶈壇鏁颁负锛? 搴忓彿 涓嶈壇椤圭洰 8鏈?7鏃?8鏈?8鏃?8鏈?9鏃?8鏈?0鏃?8鏈?1鏃?8鏈?2鏃?8鏈?3鏃?8鏈?4鏃? 涓嶈壇鏁? 1 瀛斾綅 13 7 4 3 5 10 3 8

7、53 2 閿 3 0 1 0 3 0 1 2 10 3 鑹插樊 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 5 4 灏樼矑 2 4 0 2 1 2 0 1 12 5 灏哄 12 10 1 0 0 0 7 6 36 6 涓嶅钩 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 7 7 鍒掍激 0 0 0 0 12 9 1 0 22 8 鍏跺畠 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 鍚堣 33 22 10 7 22 21 16 17 148 12 姗辨煖鍒剁涓嶈壇鍝佺粺璁姗辨煖鍒剁涓嶈壇鍝佺粺璁 姝2锛氭妸鍒嗙被濂界殑鏁版嵁杩涜姹囨伙紝鐢卞鍒板皯杩涜鎺掑簭锛?骞惰绠楃疮璁櫨鍒嗘瘮銆? 搴忓彿 涓嶈壇椤圭洰 涓嶈壇鏁?涓嶈壇鐜?绱

8、涓嶈壇鐜? 1 瀛斾綅 53 35.8% 35.8% 2 閿 10 6.8% 42.6% 3 鑹插樊 5 3.4% 45.9% 4 灏樼矑 12 8.1% 54.0% 5 灏哄 36 24.3% 78.4% 6 涓嶅钩 7 4.7% 83.1% 7 鍒掍激 22 14.9% 98.0% 8 鍏跺畠 3 2.0% 100.0% 鍚堣 148 100.0% 13 姗辨煖鍒剁涓嶈壇鍝佺粺璁姗辨煖鍒剁涓嶈壇鍝佺粺璁 搴忓彿 涓嶈壇椤圭洰 涓嶈壇鏁?涓嶈壇鐜?绱涓嶈壇鐜? 1 瀛斾綅 53 35.8% 35.8% 2 灏哄 36 24.3% 60.1% 3 鍒掍激 22 14.9% 75.0% 4 灏樼

9、矑 12 8.1% 83.1% 5 閿 10 6.8% 89.9% 6 涓嶅钩 7 4.7% 94.6% 7 鑹插樊 5 3.4% 98.0% 8 鍏跺畠 3 2.0% 100.0% 鍚堣 148 100.0% 14 姝3锛氱粯鍒舵杞翠笌绾佃酱鍒诲害銆? 1锛? 鐢诲嚭妯酱涓庣旱杞达紝妯酱琛涓嶈壇椤圭洰锛屽乏 杈圭旱杞磋绀轰笉鑹暟锛屽彸杈圭旱杞磋绀轰笉鑹巼銆? 1锛?宸竟绾佃酱鏈楂樺埢搴槸涓嶈壇鎬绘暟 148PCS 锛屽彸 杈圭旱杞存渶楂樺埢搴槸涓嶈壇鐜?100% 銆? 2锛?宸竟鐨勭旱杞存渶楂樺埢搴笌鍙宠竟绾佃酱鏈楂樺埢搴槸 涓鏉按骞崇嚎銆? 15 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7

10、0 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 瀛斾綅 閿 鑹插樊 灏樼矑 灏哄 鍒掍激 涓嶅钩 鍏跺畠 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 16 姝姝4锛氾細缁樺埗鏌忔媺鍥? 1锛? 鍦乏绾佃酱涓庢杞村尯鍩熼棿鎵惧嚭鍧愭爣鐐癸紝 鍏?涓潗鏍囩偣銆? 2锛? 灏嗗悇涓嶈壇椤圭洰鐢诲嚭鍧愭爣锛屼篃灏辨槸鏌辩姸鍥俱? 17 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 瀛斾綅 閿 鑹插樊 灏樼矑 灏哄 鍒掍激 涓嶅钩 鍏跺畠 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

11、80% 90% 100% 涓嶈壇椤圭洰 绱鐧惧垎姣? 18 姝姝5锛氾細缁樺埗绱鏇茬嚎 1锛? 閽堝绱涓嶈壇鐜囧湪鍙崇旱杞翠笌妯酱鍖哄煙闂存壘鍑? 鍧愭爣鐐癸紝鍏?鐐广? 2锛? 鐢姌绾垮皢7涓偣杩炴帴銆? 19 100% 98.0% 83.1% 89.9% 94.6% 75.0% 60.1% 35.8% 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 瀛斾綅 閿 鑹插樊 灏樼矑 灏哄 鍒掍激 涓嶅钩 鍏跺畠 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 涓嶈壇椤圭洰 绱鐧惧垎姣? 20 姝6锛氳鍏

12、繀瑕佷簨椤癸細 1锛?鏍囬锛歑X绾垮埗绋嬩笉鑹煆鎷夊浘 2锛?鎬绘鏌暟锛?800浠? 3锛?鎬讳笉鑹暟锛?48浠? 4锛?涓嶈壇鐜囷細 5.28% 5锛?妫楠岃咃細鏉嶺X 6锛?缁樺浘鑰咃細 鐜媂X 21 姝姝7锛氾細鍒嗘瀽鏌忔媺鍥? 1锛?浠庝互涓婃煆鎷夊浘鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛屽埗绋嬩腑瀛斾綅锛屽昂 瀵稿拰鍒掍激鎬讳笉鑹巼姣旂巼鐨?75.0% 锛? 杩欎笁椤规槸鍚庣画閲嶇偣鏀瑰杽鐨勯鐩紝寤鸿鐢? 鍥犳灉鍥惧杩欎笁椤逛笉鑹師鍥犺繘琛屽垎鏋愩? 2锛夊簲纭畾椤圭洰鏀瑰杽璐换浜哄強瀹屾垚鏈熼檺锛屽湪 9鏈? 浠芥妸瀛斾綅锛屽昂瀵稿拰鍒掍激鐨勬瘮渚嬮檷涓嬫潵銆? 22 搴忓彿 涓嶈壇椤圭洰 19鏃?20 鏃

13、? 21 鏃? 23鏃?24鏃?25鏃?26鏃?27鏃? 涓嶈壇鏁? 1 A 26 10 8 6 10 20 6 14 100 2 B 5 1 3 0 3 0 1 2 15 3 C 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 5 4 D 5 8 0 8 1 4 0 4 30 5 E 24 10 1 0 0 0 7 8 50 鍚堣 60 32 13 14 14 24 15 28 200 XX鐢熶骇閮皢17锝?4鏃殑鍒剁涓嶈壇浣滃嚭缁熻锛屽叾涓娊鏍?6800浠讹紝鎬讳笉鑹暟涓?00 浠讹紝璇锋牴鎹笉鑹姸鍐电粯鍒朵竴寮犳煆鎷夊浘锛? 缁冧範棰? 23 妗堜緥涓锛氭煇姹借溅閰嶄欢鍘傚埗绋嬩笉鑹煆鎷夊浘 1锛庢煇姹

14、借溅閰嶄欢鍘傚埗绋嬩笉鑹粺璁 浜斻佹煆鎷夊浘妗堜緥 24 搴忓彿 椤圭洰 鏁伴噺 绱鏁伴噺 鍗犳讳笉鑹暟鐧惧垎姣? 绱鐧惧垎姣? 1 寮洸 92 92 32.6% 32.6% 2 绮樺悎 73 165 25.9% 58.5% 3 姣涘墝 54 219 19.1% 77.6% 4 鏂 32 251 11.3% 88.9% 5 瀹夎璋冭瘯 涓嶅綋 19 270 6.7% 95.6% 6 鐭矾 9 279 3.2% 98.8% 7 宸叿纾崯 3 282 1.2% 100% 鍚堣 282 100% 25 88.90% 95.60% 98.80% 77.60% 58.50% 32.60% 0 0 20

15、40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 寮洸 绮樺悎 姣涘墝 鏂 瀹夎璋冭瘯涓嶅綋 鐭矾 澶栬涓嶈壇 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 绯诲垪 2 绱鐧惧垎姣? 2锛庣粯鍒舵煆鎷夊浘锛庣粯鍒舵煆鎷夊浘 26 3锛庡垎鏋愭煆鎷夊浘锛庡垎鏋愭煆鎷夊浘 1.浠庢Y杞?0%(鎴栧乏 鍙?鍒诲害鍚戝唴鐢讳竴姘?骞崇嚎锛? 3.鍦瀭鐩寸嚎宸竟鐨勯 鐩? 鍒欎负涓昏椤圭洰涓昏 鎴栧叧閿棶棰樹箣椤圭洰銆? 2.浠庢按骞崇嚎涓庢姌绾跨浉 浜偣澶?鍚戜笅浣滃瀭鐩?绾匡紱 A 涓昏鎴栧叧閿棶棰? 绱鍦?

16、0%锛?0%宸彸 B 娆闂 绱鍦? 80%锛?5%宸彸 C 鏇存瑕侀棶棰? 绱鍦? 95%锛?00%宸彸 ABC3绫诲垎鏋愭柟娉? 27 3锛庡垎鏋愭煆鎷夊浘 1锛?鐢变笂鍥惧彲浠湅鍑哄集鏇层佺矘鍚堛佹瘺鍓屽崰鎬讳笉鑹? 鏁扮殑77.6% 銆傚簲鏄笅涓湀閲嶇偣鏀瑰杽鐨勯鐩? 2) 寤鸿鐢卞搧绠儴銆佸伐绋嬮儴銆佺敓浜儴缁勬垚鍒嗘瀽灏? 缁勶紝杩愮敤鍥犳灉鍥惧浠笂涓変釜椤圭洰杩涜鍒嗘瀽锛? 鎵惧嚭鐪熸鐨勫師鍥犮? 28 妗堜緥浜岋細妗堜緥浜岋細鐧句竾瀵岀縼鎶曡祫椤圭洰鏌忔媺鍥? 1锛? 涓轰簡鐮旂涓浗鐧句竾瀵岀縼鐨勬姇璧勫幓鍚戯紝绀句細 璋冩煡鍛橀粍娌冲湪2001骞村骞夸笢鐝犳睙涓夎娲蹭箣娣? 鍦

17、筹紝涓滆帪銆侀寰枫佷腑灞卞拰骞垮窞鐨勪竴鐧惧悕鐧句竾鍦筹紝涓滆帪銆侀寰枫佷腑灞卞拰骞垮窞鐨勪竴鐧惧悕鐧句竾 瀵岀縼鐨勬姇璧勮繘琛岃皟鏌紝璋冩煡缁熻缁撴灉濡備笅锛? 29 搴忓彿 椤圭洰 璐圭敤閲戦 绱閲戦 鍗犳婚噾棰濈櫨鍒嗘瘮 绱鐧惧垎姣? 1 閾惰瀛樻 48涓? 48涓? 48% 48% 2 鎴夸骇 20涓? 68涓? 20% 68% 3 涔板彜钁? 15涓? 83涓? 15% 83% 4 鎶曡祫鍔炲巶 6涓? 89涓? 6% 89% 5 瀛橀粍閲? 5涓? 94涓? 5% 94% 6 涔颁繚闄? 2涓? 96涓? 2% 96% 7 涔拌偂绁? 1涓? 97涓? 1% 97% 8 鏀鹃珮鍒捶

18、 1涓? 98涓? 1% 98% 9 鍏跺畠 2涓? 100涓? 2% 100% 鍚堣 100涓? 100% 30 0 48% 68% 83% 96% 94% 89% 97% 98% 100% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 閾惰瀛樻鎴垮湴浜拱鍙懀鎶曡祫鍔炲巶瀛橀粍閲戜拱淇濋櫓涔拌偂绁斁楂樺埄璐峰叾瀹? 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 绯诲垪2绱鐧惧垎姣? 1锛? 缁樺埗鏌忔媺鍥? 31 3锛庢煆鎷夊浘鍒嗘瀽 1锛?涓浗骞夸笢鐨勭櫨涓囧瘜缈佸閮垎灏嗛挶瀛樺叆閾惰锛? 鍗?8%锛屽嚑涔庡皢涓鍗婄殑閽辨斁鍏摱琛屽悆鍒伅銆傛睙 娉芥皯鍦腑鍥藉叡浜厷鍗佸叚澶姤鍛婁腑鎻愬嚭淇濇姢鍚堟硶 鐨勫姵鍔敹鍏拰鍚堟硶鐨勯潪鍔冲姩鏀跺叆锛屽缓璁繖浜涚櫨 涓囧瘜