高中英语 Unit 2 Cloning单元检测 新人教版选修8

1、第二单元检测(时间:90分钟满分:120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ABritish scientists have done something that many people thought was impossible:they created the first clone of an adult mammal(哺乳动物).The clone,named Dolly,is a seven-month-old sheep,grown from a cell o

2、f an adult female sheep.What is a clone?A clone is a copya genetic copy.Genes are the instructions for life.They tell a cell what to do and how to do it.Genes make each individual plant or animal different and unique.But a clone has the same genes as the original organism(生物体).Cloning is not new.Pla

3、nts have been cloned for centuries.New plants are often grown from cutting from another plant.Also,plants like pineapples,strawberries and carnations(康乃馨)are sometimes cloned.One benefit of cloning is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants.It has been much more difficult to c

4、lone animals.Frogs have been cloned,but they died as tadpoles,never living long enough to become adult frogs.Mice,sheep and cattle have been cloned from embryos(胚胎).But Dolly is the first healthy clone of an adult mammal.How did they do it?(1)An unfertilized egg was taken from a sheep.(2)The egg nuc

5、leus(细胞核)was removed.(3)A cell was taken from the udder(乳房) of a pregnant(怀孕的)sheep.It was “starved”,so that it stopped growing.(4)The two cells were combined into one and then implanted in a third sheep,where it grew normally.(5) The clone was born.It was genetically identical to the pregnant sheep

6、 in step (3).This sounds much easier than it actually was.To end up with one clone,the scientists started with 277 udder cells.And they needed in a way to make the egg cell accept a new nucleus.They did that by starving the cell in step (3).It may soon be possible to clone many types of animals.Will

7、 we also be able to clone human organs,or even whole human beings?We have only begun to think about the morality of cloning technology.Maybe the question to ask is not whether we can clone humans,but instead,should we clone humans?1Dolly is a sheep because she is grown from a cell of an adult female

8、 sheep.A.that has not her father B.that has not her motherC.that has no parentsD.that has not any tail答案C解析推理判断题。从文中可以看出,多莉是从一只成年羊的细胞中克隆出来的,所以它没有父母,而是那只成年羊的一个翻版。2Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Only plants can be cloned.B.Only strawberries and carnations can sometimes be cloned.C.Animals

9、 and plants have quite a long history of cloning.D.Genes can tell a cell what to do and how to do it during cloning.答案D解析细节理解题。D项“基因在克隆过程中可以告诉细胞做什么及如何去做”,文章第二段说的正是这个意思。第三段指植物可以克隆,第四段指动物也可以克隆,所以A项“只有植物可以克隆” 不正确。从文中第三段可知菠萝也是可以克隆的,所以B 项“只有草莓和康乃馨可以克隆”不正确。第三段中指植物已有几个世纪的克隆历史,而没有提到动物的克隆历史,所以C 项“动植物都有相当长的克隆

10、历史”与题意不符。3From the fourth paragraph we can know that .A.a tadpole is the early stage of a grown-up frogB.a tadpole is a frog without a tailC.a tadpole is a kind of animalD.a tadpole is a clone of an adult mammal答案A解析推理判断题。文章第四段第二句中说:人们曾经克隆过青蛙,但在蝌蚪阶段就死了,并没有进入成年青蛙阶段,所以我们可以判断,蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态,故A 项正确。4Which i

11、s the right order in the process of the clone of Dolly?a.Taking an unfertilized egg from an adult female sheep.b.Removing the eggs nucleus.c.Combining the two cells into one and then implanting it in a third sheep.d.Taking a cell from the udder of a pregnant sheep.A.a b c dB.c a b dC.a b d cD.d c b

12、a答案C解析细节排序题。根据克隆的步骤(1)(4)可知应选C项。B(导学号58980010)Have you seen Jurassic Park?In this film,scientists use DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs.They find trouble,however,when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expected.Thats nothing more than a

13、 fiction.But could we really clone endangered animals?To date,the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur(野牛),a rare ox-like animal from southeast Asia.Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur,named Noah.Two days after birth,however,Noah died from a common bacterial inf

14、ection.Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope(邦戈羚羊),the Sumatran tiger,the cheetah(猎豹),and the giant panda.Next,could we really clone extinct animals?In theory?Yes.To do this,you need a well-kept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth(毛象),

15、Tasmanian tiger,or even dinosaur,and a closely related species,still living,which could serve as a surrogate mother.In reality?Probably not.On the one hand,its not likely that extinct animals DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time.Cloning extinct animals as wool mammoth,Tasmanian tiger,or

16、dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly well-preserved DNA.On the other hand,for example,a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother,definitely not a monkey.But what about an extinct animal as unique as the panda?What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother?Cloning pre

17、sents many exciting possibilities.However,even if extinct animals are brought back,they could not survive in todays world.Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in,but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well.5It can be learned from the text t

18、hat .A.scientists have cloned the African bongo antelopeB.both the cheetah and the giant panda live in AsiaC.the gaur lives in Asia and is endangeredD.the gaur is an extinct species答案C解析推理判断题。由第三段第一句可知,这种野牛生活在东南亚。由第二段可知,第三段中叙述的被克隆的野牛应该是濒临灭绝的动物。6The underlined words “a surrogate mother” in Paragraph

19、5 probably refer to a female who .A.contributes its eggs to another femaleB.gives birth to a baby for another femaleC.gives birth to a baby of its ownD.cannot give birth to a baby答案B解析词义猜测题。由第五段内容可推出,关系比较密切的物种代替另一物种而产下其幼仔,即为代理孕母。7The difficulty in cloning an extinct species is the lack of .A.both th

20、e well-preserved DNA and the plants to live onB.both the habitat to live in and the well-preserved DNAC.both the habitat to live in and the plants to live onD.both the well-preserved DNA and a surrogate mother答案D解析细节理解题。由第六段可知,克隆灭绝物种的困难有两方面:缺乏符合要求的DNA和代理孕母。8In the authors opinion,it is possible that

21、 .A.some extinct species may be cloned,but not survive in todays worldB.extinct species may be cloned and easily surviveC.a gaur can have a monkey as a surrogate motherD.all the extinct species may be cloned答案A解析推理判断题。由最后一段第一、二句可知,一些已经灭绝的动物或许可以被克隆,但它们有可能无法在当今这个世界上生存。CA 10-month-old baby boy died las

22、t year and his sad parents have vowed to give him a second chance at life.Theyve paid $500,000 to have a company called Clonaid make a clone of their son.“We will do all that is possible to bring the twin of this boy back to life,” said Brigitte Boisselier,director of Clonaid.Boisselier is not alone

23、 in her desire to duplicate (复制) a human.Another team of scientists recently announced that they,too,have begun a similar experiment.If either team is successful in copying a human being,it will be a truly earthshaking event.In 1997,Scottish researcher Ian Wilmut created the worlds first animal clon

24、e:a sheep named Dolly.First,he removed an egg cell from an adult female sheep.Then he used a fine needle to suck out the eggs nucleus(核子).Next,Wilmut removed a skin cell from another sheepthe sheep he wished to copy.He combined the two cells with a charge of electricity and got an egg from one anima

25、l that contained the DNA of another.The new egg cell divided and developed into an embryo (the first stage of a baby).Wilmut then implanted the embryo in the mother sheep.In time,the embryo developed into a lambDolly.Four years later,sheep,mice,cows,and goats have been “produced” in laboratories aro

26、und the globe.Now,the race is on to produce the first human clone.Two scientific teams are publicly competing for the first place.Human cloning is “just around the corner,” said Zavos,a scientist of a team.“The genie (妖怪) is out of the bottle.” Clonaids lab may be moved to another country because th

27、e U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has forbidden the labs research.9Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Ian Wilmut will help to clone the first human in the world.B.Ian Wilmut cloned the first animal with the help of electricity.C.The two teams are working hard

28、 to realize the parents dream.D.The parents paid $500,000 to have their son come back to life.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段 “He combined the two cells with a charge of electricity and.” 可知B选项正确。10By saying “The genie is out of the bottle” in the last paragraph,the scientist means.A.the first cloned human will lo

29、ok terribleB.we dont know what the cloned human will be like C.we arent sure how to control the cloned humans behaviourD.there will be some harm we havent imagined with human cloning答案D解析句意理解题。综合该句的上下文可看出该句要表达的意思是:克隆人会产生一些意料不到的后果。11It could be inferred from the passage that.A.some people dont agree

30、to clone humans B.scientists can clone whatever they likeC.any animal can be cloned nowD.the purpose of human cloning is to make money答案A解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句“Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has forbidden the labs research.”可知,一些人不赞成克隆人。12What information will probably be provided following the last

31、paragraph?A.The parents dream coming true.B.Ian Wilmut and human cloning.C.The race of human cloning.D.The animal and human cloning technology.答案C解析推理判断题。纵观全文,主要讲述了自从克隆羊成功后,克隆的竞争一直存在,并且科学家组成的两支队伍正进行着克隆人的研究,所以C项较符合题意。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Writing a BlogIve been

32、 keeping an English blog for many years.These practical tips have helped me over the course of my blogging.Read quality books,blogs,journals,etc.that are written in English.Blogging is not always about writing.13. Reading also improves your English comprehension,grammar,spelling,vocabulary and writi

33、ng.Practice helps,so continue writing.Dont be scared to make mistakes.14. Trying to make the perfect post free from grammar and spelling mistakes is good but youre not making use of your time efficiently.15.Think about the main points you want to raise.Call it old fashion but I prepare an outline of

34、 my post and a list of the points I want to talk about.Doing this has helped me stay on track and focus on my main points.The outline and the list of points I want to write about serve as my guidelines when Im writing.When writing,use simple words and sentences.Using simple sentences makes your job

35、as a blogger easier.16. Always remember this:Your aim to write is to send your message across and the only way to become an effective writer is when you successfully convey(传递) your message to your readers.Write your posts ahead of time.17. To free yourself from the pressure of making a post on dail

36、y basis,which might affect your writing,consider making your post ahead of time.A.Prepare an outline of your post.B.Welcome comments from your blog readers.C.Also,it makes your post more understandable by your readers.D.Mistakes can be reduced with the help of your readers.E.You need to read to be a

37、ble to put substance into your post.F.Instead of worrying about making mistakes,use your time to write.G.There are benefits of daily blogging but if it becomes tiring,forget about it.答案13.E14.F15.A16.C17.G第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Wh

38、en researchers18their first clone of an animal,Dolly the sheep,in 1997,one doctor said,“The genie (妖怪) is out of the bottle.” But then he tried to actually create the “genie”by making 19 clone.Dr Panayiotis Zavos told the 20 on October 5 that he could create the first 21human before the end of the y

39、ear.He is an expert22 human copying and breeding 23 the University of Kentucky in the United States.His workers have been24 carrying out research in most European Union countries,but Zavos said that fact was not 25 progress.“It is going26 so we may try the first production of cloned embryos in the v

40、ery near future.27,three or four months from now,” Zavos said.“Human cloning could,in fact,create a copy of another28 person.”Zavos insisted there was29 in the project.As an expert on human reproduction,he said he is only interested in helping the30who cannot naturally have babies to have a child.“W

41、e are not interested in cloning people31 Bin Laden (本拉登),Michael Jackson or Michael Jordan,” the doctor32.“We are only interested in33 a father who does not have the ability to have a biological child of34.”Zavos said35 of childless people from all over the world were helping in their36.He would not

42、 say where the research is37,but pointed out that it is in more than one country.18A.made B.resistedC.botheredD.retired答案A解析make “制造,创造”;resist“抵抗”;bother “烦扰”;retire“退休”。此处表示“当研究人员制造出他们的第一个克隆动物的时候”。19A.a sheepB.a humanC.an animalD.a plant答案B解析by making a human clone “通过克隆人”。by+doing做方式状语。由下一段中谈论的hu

43、man copying可以得出答案。20A.personB.researcherC.mankindD.public答案D解析told the public “告诉公众”。person “人”;researcher“研究人员”;mankind “人类”。21A.forbadeB.clonedC.obtainedD.undertook答案B解析过去分词cloned做定语,表明人是被克隆的。由下一句中的human copying可知答案是cloned。forbid“禁止”;clone “克隆”;obtain “获得”;undertake “着手;从事;承担”。22A.onB.toC.ofD.with

44、答案A解析He is an expert on human copying and breeding.“他是克隆和生育方面的专家”。be an expert on.“是(领域或方面)的专家”。23A.onB.inC.fromD.to答案C解析from the University.这里是说明某人是来自某处的。24A.toldB.sent forC.stopped fromD.asked for答案C解析be stopped from doing “被阻止干某事”。此处表示大多数欧盟国家都禁止他的工人们进行这项研究。25A.slowingB.makingC.gettingD.speeding答案

45、A解析fact was not slowing progress “事实并没有减缓进程”。slow做动词时意为“使缓行,使减速”;make与progress连用表示“取得进步”;get 表示“得到”;speed表示“加速”。26A.good enoughB.well enoughC.enough goodD.enough well答案B解析well 是副词,修饰动词go,enough修饰副词时,放在副词后面。27A.Which isB.This isC.It isD.That is答案D解析that is “也就是”,承上启下,对上一句起解释作用。which is 后不加逗号。28A.aliv

46、e and deadB.living and deathC.living or deadD.living and dying答案C解析living or dead “活着的或死了的”,是一种选择,不是并存,排除A项、B项和D项。29A.nothing harmfulB.something harmfulC.nothing harmlessD.nothing harm答案A解析nothing harmful “没有有害的东西”。B项和C项的含义与句意不符;D项中nothing不与名词harm搭配。30A.animalsB.womenC.menD.couples答案D解析the couples 指

47、“夫妇”。从“who cannot naturally have babies”看出该定语从句修饰的是人。31A.forB.likeC.withD.of答案B解析like 介词,“像”,后接词或词组。32A.castB.objectedC.addedD.asked答案C解析add “补充”;cast “投,扔”;object “反对”;ask “问”。此处用added表示“医生补充说”。33A.keepingB.damagingC.mixingD.helping答案D解析这位医生是进行克隆研究的专家,因此他说他们有兴趣帮助一位没有生育能力的父亲。34A.their ownB.his ownC.

48、her ownD.its own答案B解析of his own “属于他自己的”。由前面的a father可知此处应用his own。35A.thousandsB.noneC.thousandD.several答案A解析thousands of “成千上万的”,形容数量大,不表示具体的数据。36A.researchB.assumptionC.decorationD.argument答案A解析in the research “在研究中”。由下一句中的the research 可得出答案。research“研究”;assumption“假定,设想”;decoration “装饰”;argument

49、 “争论”。37A.in wayB.in the wayC.under wayD.under the way答案C解析under way “进行中”;in the way “挡道”。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(导学号58980011)Dinosaurs died out because of 38. unexpected incident.But wildlife today disappears or is in danger just 39. humans do harm to it.For exampl

50、e,tigers are hunted for fur to make carpets so that they can only live in secure reserves;grassland 40.(destroy) without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting distant cities.Last year,scientists saw some monkeys 41.(rub) themselves with a certain kind of insects to protect themselves 4

51、2. fierce mosquitoes biting.According to the result of the inspection,they found that the insect contains a 43.(power) drug,so local farmers were employed to catch the insects.The ending was 44. the insects disappeared from the whole zone.When 45.(tell) that it was a loss to humans,the farmers burst

52、 into laughter and responded,“Our real loss is our decreasing income.”We should appreciate the natural balance and pay 46.(much) attention to the importance of wildlife 47.(protect).Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace,can we smile in relief.答案38.an39.because40.is tection第三部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。My