高二英语人教版选修6英语课文翻译

1、 高二英语人教版选修6英语课文 翻译6 人教必修 1A Short History of Western Painting Unit 西方绘画艺术简史A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Unit 1 in Styles a people. by Art is influenced the customs and faith of many are so As(have changed many times. 因为) there Western art different styles of Western art, it would be impossibl

2、e to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) represent painters was toDuring the Middle Ages, the main aim of was not interested religious themes. A

3、conventional artist of this period ) they really were. A typical picture as(正如in showing nature and people a symbols, which created full of (充满了) religious at this time was God. But it was evident that ideas were feeling of respect and love forBondone Giotto di 13th century when painters like changi

4、ng in the began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) replaced values ideas gradually and the During Renaissance, new onless People Middle Ages. began to concentrate in those held the the At to life. humanisticthemes adopt and a more attitude religi

5、ous same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about Rich were. they nature people to They art. tried paint and as really 2 6 人教必修 people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate to famous artists great houses. They paid their superb palaces and paint picture

6、s of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio convinced paintings, they were his in 1428. When people first saw If 相

7、信that() they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have oil coincidence( By 偶然), able been to paint such realistic pictures. paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in Without the new paints

8、and the new paintings look richer and deeper. technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) ), 很多，表程度In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal(Many one. mostly industrial mostly agricultur

9、al society to a a from people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many ) new painting styles. (导致new inventions and social changes also led to) the traditional style of 脱离Among the painters who broke away from(The painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.

10、were They to work outdoors. painters the Impressionists were first )show how light and shadow fell on objects at different 渴望做eager to ( 3 6 人教必修the so quickly, However, because natural light changes times of day. detailed Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as those of ear

11、lier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of assaid that the They 生气)it. about (对painting and became very angry painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial,

12、but today they are accepted as (作为被接受) the beginning of what we call modern art. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of(几十种) modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.

13、On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to(打算做) paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so

14、realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future? 西方艺术风格变化较大，而中国艺术风格变化较小。人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。中国和欧洲不同，生活方式在长时间里相似。西方艺术丰富多彩，仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。所以，本篇课文仅描述了从公元5世 4 6 人教必修 纪开始的几种主要风格。世纪）世纪到 中世纪（公元155在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。艺术家

15、们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。因此，这世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。到13 乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。 16世纪）文艺复兴时期（15世纪到在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。画家们回到了罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画，画自己的房屋和其他财物，画他们的活动，画他 们的成就。1428最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。在在这个阶段，年，马萨乔成为

16、第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人，当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小孔，来观看真实的情景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了 发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富，更深沉。世纪初期）世纪后期到2019 印象派时期（世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业19还有许多社会变革。有着大量的新发明，为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入城市。这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。那些打破传统画法的人有在 巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体 5 6 人教必修上的光线

17、和阴影画出来。由于自然光的变化很快，所以，印象派画家必须很快地作画。因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了，起初，多数人都看不惯这种新式画法，甚至还非常生气。他们说这些画家作画时心不在焉， 粗枝大叶，他们的作品更是荒唐。 世纪至今）现代艺术（20在印象派作品的创建初期，他们存在争议。但是，现在已经被人们接受，的始祖。如今，现代艺术已有几十多种，如果“现代艺术”并且成为现在所说的没有印象派艺术，也就没有那么多不同的风格，印象派画家帮助艺术家们用新的方法来观察环境和艺术。有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们的眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中体现某些物体的某些品质和特征，用

18、色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作 品太逼真了，看上去就像一张照片。预言将来艺术的风格倒是很有意思的 Art GalleriesManhattanThe Best of 曼哈顿艺术画廊荟萃 弗里克收藏馆 位于第五大道和麦迪逊大道之间许多艺术爱好者都认为这个收藏馆是纽约最好的一家小型艺术陈列馆。亨利克莱弗里克是纽约的一位富豪。他去世于1919年，他把他的家具、房子和艺术收藏品都捐献给了美国人民。在这个陈列馆里，你不仅看到20世纪以前的西方绘画的珍藏品，而且，你还能浏览弗里克的美丽的故居。在这个漂亮的公寓里，花园也是很值得一看的。 古根海姆博物馆第5大道和第 88街交汇处

19、 6 6 人教必修幅现代油画、雕塑和素描。这些艺术品并不是同时这家博物馆拥有5，000展出的，展品总是在不断地更换。所收藏的艺术品中大部分是印象派和后印象派的作品。古根海姆博物馆的大楼是世界闻名的。当你走进画廊的时候，你会觉得你进入了一个巨大的白色贝壳之中。看画展最好是从顶层看起，一直往下看到底层。展厅里没有楼梯，只有一条环行的小道。博物馆里还有一家极好的 餐馆。（纽约）大都会艺术博物馆 街交汇处 第5大道与第820005这家博物馆是美国收藏艺术品最多的一家，它的艺术品收藏涵盖了，多年来世界上众多国家的文明史，其中包括美洲、欧洲、中国、埃及、非洲和它还给你介绍了古代的生活方式。南美洲。这家博物

20、馆展出的不仅仅只是艺术，以及许多你可以看到埃及的寺庙，18世纪法国豪宅中的住房，明朝的御花园， 其他特殊展品。现代艺术博物馆 大道之间）街（位于第5和第6 53第世纪的如此令人惊奇的是，在同一博物馆里竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21毕加索和马蒂斯等著名高、众多的名家巨作。西方艺术的收藏包括有莫奈、凡 艺术家的作品。有几句话需要提醒你注意：博物馆票价不菲，常常拥挤。 惠特尼美国艺术博物馆街）75麦迪逊大道945 号（靠近第惠特尼博物馆藏有极好的当代美国画和雕塑品。馆内没有永久性的展出，展品都是随时更换的。惠特尼博物馆每两年有一次特殊的展览，展品是仍然在世的画家们的新作。这家博物馆还展出当代影视艺术家

21、的录像和电影作品。 7 6 人教必修 A few simple forms of English poems 英语诗歌的几种简单形式 Unit 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS 简体英文诗人们写. There are various reasons (why people write poetry)定从 Some poems tell a story or describe something 诗有着各种各样的理由。 有些诗是为. in a way (that will give the reader a strong impression)定从Oth

22、ers try to convey 了叙事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。Poets use many 而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。certain emotions. 诗人用许多不同风格的different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the 诗来表达自己的情感。 本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。simpler forms. Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English

23、is These rhymes like the 孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。 nursery rhymes. 像右边one on the right (A) are still a common type of childrens poetry. The language is concrete but 的这首童谣（A）至今仍然是常见的。imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have 童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这使strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The

24、 poems may not 节奏感强，并较多重复。得小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵， and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn make sense童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至有的看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children 学，也容易背诵。 通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。learn about language. 8 人教必修6 （） A小宝宝，别说话， Hush, little baby, dont sa

25、y a word,爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟。 Papas going to buy you a mockingbird.小嘲鸟，不会唱， If that mockingbird wont sing,爸爸给你买个钻石戒。 Papas going to buy you a diamond ring.钻石戒，变成铜， If that diamond ring turns to brass,爸爸给你买个小镜子。 Papas going to buy you a looking-glass.小镜子，打破了， If that looking-glass gets broke,爸爸给你买个小山羊。 Papas g

26、oing to buy you a billy-goat.小山羊，跑掉了。 If that billy-goat runs away,爸爸今天再去给你买一只。 Papas going to buy you another today.One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things.像（B）和（C）这样的列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种。List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a

27、pattern and a rhythm to the poem.清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活。形成固定句型和诗的节奏。Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).有些清单诗有韵脚（如B）,但有一些没有（如C）。 （B） 我看到鱼塘在燃烧 I saw a fish- pond all on fire我看到鱼塘在燃烧， I saw a fish-pond all on fire,我看到房子向地主哈腰， I saw a house bow to a squire,我看到人高一丈八， I saw a person twelve-fe

28、et high,我看到茅屋在天郊。 I saw a cottage in the sky, 9 人教必修6 我看到气球用铅做， I saw a balloon made of lead,我看到棺材把死人抛。 I saw a coffin drop down dead,我看到两只麻雀在赛跑， I saw two sparrows run a race,我看到两匹马儿绣花包。 I saw two horses making lace,我看到姑娘像只猫， I saw a girl just like a cat,我看到小猫带花帽。 I saw a kitten wear a hat,我看到有人在一旁

29、瞄， I saw a man who saw these too,虽奇怪，但也把实情报。 And said though strange they all were true.（C） 我们的第一场球赛 Our first football match我们本来会得冠军We would have won . 如果杰克踢进了那个球， if Jack had scored that goal,如果我们还有几分钟， if wed had just a few more minutes,如果我们训练的更严格， if we had trained harder,如果本把球传给了乔， if Ben had p

30、assed the ball to Joe,如果有大批球迷助威， fans screaming,if wed had thousands of如果我死死盯住球， if I hadnt taken my eye off the ball,熬夜如果我们头晚不熬) so late the night before,(if we hadnt stayed up夜， （放轻松）如果我们没有放松警惕， if we hadnt taken it easy,用尽如果我们没有精疲力竭， )energy.if we hadnt run out of (我们本来是会的冠军的We would have won . 如

31、果我们能干的更好！ if wed been better! 10 人教必修6 Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。 With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. 用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。Look at the examples (D and E) on

32、 the top of the next page.请看下一页上端的D和E两个例子。 （D） 兄弟 Brother爱美，又爱运动 Beautiful, athletic爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑 Teasing, shouting, laughing是我的朋友 Friend and enemy too也是我的敌人 Mine（E） 夏天 Summer困乏，咸涩 Sleepy, salty干涸，枯萎，恐怖 Drying, drooping, dreading周而复始 Week in, week out永无止境 EndlessHaiku is a Japanese form of poetry that i

33、s made up of (=consist of由组成)17 syllables.俳句诗（Haiku）是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with (受到欢迎) English writers.它不属于英诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人 11 6 人教必修It is easy to write and, like the cinquain , can 这种诗也是很流行的。们中间，give a clear picture and create a special

34、 feeling using the minimum of words(v-ing做方式/伴随状语).它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.下面两首俳句诗（右边的F和G）就是从日文翻译过来的。 （F） 落下的花朵 A fallen blossom回到了树枝上。 Is coming back to the branch.瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！ Look, a butterfly!（作者：） ( by Morit

35、ake)Moritake（G） 雪儿融化了， Snow having melted,整个村庄充满着 The whole village is brimful欢乐的儿童。 Of happy children.（作者：） (by Issa)IssaDid you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry - Tang poems from China in particular?你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗，A lot of Tang poetry has been trans

36、lated into English.许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.下面这首唐诗（H）就是从中文翻译过来的。 （H） 12 人教必修6 望夫石 Where she awaits her husband王健 (by Wang Jian)望夫处，江悠悠。 On and on the river flows.化为石，不回头。 Never looking back,Transformed into stone.山头日日风Day by day upon the mountain top,wind an

37、d rain revolve.复雨， 行人归来石Should the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.应语。 With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try!写诗比你想象的要容易，绝对

38、值得一试。 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述某件事，并给读者以强烈的印象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。 最早用英文写的诗是童谣。孩子们很小就学习童谣。像下边的这首童谣（A）至今仍然是常见的。这些童谣能使俏皮孩子们快乐，因为它们节奏感强并且押韵，而且重复多遍。这样就容易学，也容易背。通过童谣中的文字游戏，教孩子们学习语言。 （A）小宝宝，别吵吵，爸爸给你买个小哩鸟。小哩鸟，不会唱，爸爸给你买个钻石戒。钻石戒，变成铜,爸爸给你买个小镜子。小镜子，打破了，爸爸给你 13 人教必修6 买个小山羊。小山羊

39、，跑掉了。爸爸今天再去买一只。 像（B）和（C）这样列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种，学生可以自己动手写。清单诗可以重复一些短语和韵脚（如B），但有一些也不是这样（如C）。 （B）我看到鱼塘在燃烧 我看到鱼塘在燃烧， 我看到房子向地主哈腰， 我看到人高一丈八， 我看到茅屋在天郊， 我看到气球用铝做。 我看到棺材把死人抛。我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，我看到两匹马儿绣花包。我看到姑娘像只猫，我看到小猫戴花帽。 我看到有人在一旁瞄，虽奇怪，但也把实情报。 （C）我们的第一场球赛 我们本来会得冠军如果杰克踢进了那个球，如果我们还有几分钟，如果我们训练得更严格，如果本把球传给了乔，如果有大批球迷助威，如果

40、我死死盯住球，如果我们头晚不熬夜，如果我们没有太大意，如果我们没有精疲力竭，我们本来会得冠军如果我们再干得好一些！ 另外，一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。请看下面的（D）和（E）两个例子。 （D）兄弟 爱美，又爱运动爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑 是我的朋友 也是我的敌人 （E）夏天 困乏，刺激 干涸，枯萎，恐怖 周而复始 永无止境 俳句诗（Haiku）是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。它不属英诗的传统形式，但是在说英语的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可用很少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。下

41、面两首俳句诗下面的（F）和（G）就是由日文翻译而来的。 （F）落下的花朵 回顾到树枝上。瞧啊，是个蝴蝶！（作者：moritake） （G）雪儿溶化了，整个村庄充满着,欢乐的儿童。（作者：Issa） 14 人教必修6 你知道吗？说英语的人也借另外一种亚洲诗，那就是中国的唐诗，许多唐诗已经翻译成英文了。这些诗都译成了自由体，说英语的人都喜欢模仿它。下面这首唐诗就是从中文译成英文的。 （H）望夫石 王 健 望夫处，江悠悠。化为石，不回头。山头日日风复雨，行人归来石应语。 Using Language Listening,reading and discussing 我保留了夏天 Rod Mckuen

42、 _我把夏天留那年你芳龄十九， 办法也许就在某处： 在白天结束的那个时下， 我就珍藏了你的微笑。辰。等你长大成人以后， 全都交给了你。 才知道年轻勇敢的微笑 当雪花儿初降时， 如果你需要爱，的奥秘。 让冬天的早晨停住。我会献上我所有的爱。 它也许能帮你踏上旅我把阳光留下， 我不知道有什么办法，程，万一你需要它。 帮你踏上你人生的旅 直到你也找到属于你的在那远离黑暗的地方， 程。 爱。你的心灵会得到补养。 爷爷的忠告 Unit 3 It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end a long bi

43、ke ride to an old castle. of the garden. I have just returned fromto ) (agemy that seems amazing It at 在我这个年纪fit enough still I am cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. Its my birthday in two weeks time 15 人教必修6 and Ill be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to(由于) the healthy l

44、ife I live. This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time(一段时间) ago and how you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolesc

45、ence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. By the way(顺便说下), did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways. First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your bo

46、dy becomes accustomed to(对习惯) having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves our body, you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain(处于痛苦中). Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again(反复地), you begi

47、n to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage. When I was yo

48、ung, I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didnt know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to(对造成严重损害) your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult 16 6 人教必修for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didnt know their in some normal babies may have a small

49、er birth weight or even be abcould smoke that my cigarette Neither did I know way(在某种程度). affect the health of non-smokers.(倒装) However, what I did know was (that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible). She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She t

50、old me that she wouldnt go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasnt enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off(调离；除名) the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. (its time to是时 候做；quit doing停止做) I am

51、 sending you some advice I found on the Internet It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve(增强你的决心). I do(do/does/did+v原，强调动词) hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. Love from Grandad 亲爱的詹姆士： 今天，这儿天气晴朗。现在，我正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下。我骑自行车跑了很长一段路，一直到了古城堡，刚刚回来。感到不可思议吧，

52、像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。再过两个礼拜就是我82岁的生日了！我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。 这就是我写信给你的真正原因，我亲爱的孙子。你妈妈告诉我，你已经开始吸烟了，而且还很难把它戒掉。相信我吧，我知道，吸烟容易戒烟难。你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。这儿我 17 人教必修6 想顺便问你一个问题，你知道上瘾有三个方面的原因吗？ 身体对尼古丁有瘾，尼古丁是香烟里几百种化学物质之一。这就是说，过了一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁，一旦你的体内没有这种麻醉剂了，你就会感到不舒服、烦躁，甚至痛苦。你也可能因

53、为习惯的原因而上瘾，你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自觉地做它。最后，上瘾还有心理上的原因。有的人认为，抽了一支烟后，他就会感到轻松愉快，于是就以为抽烟才能使感觉良好。我想我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的，因此，要戒烟就很难。但是我最后还是戒掉了。 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。当时，我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。我更不知道，我自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟人的健康。然而，我的的确确知道， 我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。她说我的呼吸、我的衣服都有烟的味道，我的手指头都变黄了。她说在我把烟戒掉之前她是不会同我一起外出的。我也

54、发现我跑得不如以前那么快，也不像以前那样爱好运动了。而当因为动作慢而被校足球队除名之后，我才知道该是我戒烟的时候了。 我把我从网上找到的一些忠告寄给你，也许对你戒烟有所帮助。我的确希望你把它戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。 爱你的爷爷 How can you stop smoking? It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have to quit and so can you Here are a few suggestions. Prepare yourself. Decide on(决心做) a day to quit. Do

55、nt choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. 18 人教必修6 Make a list of all the all the benefit you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes. Be prepare. Every time you feel like(想做) smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that(提

56、醒某人) you are a non-smoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier Break the habit. Instead of(与其；而不是) smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth drink some water, clean the house；in fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy. Relax. If you

57、start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for(触及) a cigarette. Try some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxation exercise every time you feel stressed. Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a fiend so you call talk about your problems, or Join a stop-smoking group. If you feel desperate，you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum. Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several tim