18 19 Unit 11 Section Ⅳ Language PointsⅡ

1、 Section Language Points() ( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3) 语 言 基 础 自 测 .单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 1What surprised us most was that he didnt show any respect(尊重) to his parents. 2At the meeting they discussed three different approaches(方法) to the study of mathematics. 3The report blames(归咎于)poor safety standards

2、 for the accident. 4Several important legal questions arose(出现)in the contract negotiations. 5She was always defending(辩解)her husband in front of their daughter. 6We only employ female workers. 7He failed in his attempt to take control of the company. 8She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.

3、 9Columbus made an important contribution to the discovery of the new continent. 10Every year，new graduates are seeking for jobs suitable for themselves. .拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1willing adj.愿意的，乐意的unwilling adj.不愿意的 2employ vt.雇用employee n雇员，受雇者employer n雇主 employment n工作，职业，受雇 3defend vt.为辩解；保卫defe

4、nce n保卫，防御defender n防御 者 4respect vt.尊敬，尊重respecting prep.关于respectful adj.有礼貌的，恭 敬的respectable adj.体面的 5suitable adj.合适的suit v合适，适合 寻规律、巧记忆 页 1 第 .un-adjadj.(反) )n.(人-er./-eev. 不寻常的unusual 不幸的unfortunate 不舒服的uncomfortable 采访人，面试官interviewer interviewee 被采访者，应试者 trainer 训练员 受训者trainee .补全短语 根据提示补全下列

5、短语 支持，赞同in favour of 1 in public 公共地2 一系列的3a series of 专注于4concentrate on 由组成consist of 5 6stand out 突出，显眼 贡献7make contributions to 参加，参与participate in 8 9as well as 也 与竞争in competition with 10 .选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空He was in competition with 10 others for the job. 1 He is too embarrassed to give his v

6、iews in public2 Each party shall consist of not less than ten. 3 The band arranged for a series of concerts. 4 I must concentrate on my work now. 5 寻规律、巧记忆 consist of.inn介词短语动词短语.prep 页 2 第 in search of 寻找 in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为向表示敬意 consist of 由组成 consist in 在于；存在于 consist with 与一致 .经典句式仿写

7、 背教材原句 记句式结构 仿写促落实 just the name is likely 1.It to bepart of which may of a company，be a general location. 它很可能仅是一个公司的名称， 其中可能含有公司的大概位置。 be likely to do sth. 能意为可“ 做某事”。 他很可能是我的一位 老朋友，我记不清了。He is likely to be one of cant I friends；my old remember clearly. today advertisers of 2.The top as well belie

8、ve that using humour to unusual ideas as new and in important people surprise is modern advertisements. 在现代当今的顶级广告商认为，新颖独广告中运用既出其不意、 特又幽默的创意很重要。 用asas well 作介词，意思除是“还之外有”，后名接通面常 词或动名词。 他和他的同学都喜欢 流行音乐。his well as He as of fond classmates is pop music. 页 3 第 is ，not all advertising3.Howeverand product

9、s about selling services for a profit. 并非所有的广告都是为了然而， 赢利而推销商品和服务。 为意not all.有“并非所的都”，否部分表示 定。 并根据一项调查发现，非所有的人都喜欢那 个演员的作品。that likes Not everyone according actors works to a survey. 究 点探 核 心 要 vt.blame 归咎于责怪， n过失；责备 for encouraging the paparazzi. ).is often blamed(教材P24 经常因鼓励猎奇名流的摄影记者受到责备。 因某事责怪某人；责怪

10、某人某事(1)blame sb.for sth. 把某事归咎到某人身上 blame sth.on sb. be to blame for sth. 对某事应负责任；应受谴责(2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 Tom. They blamed the failure on 他们把失败归咎于汤姆。 the Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame onalarm

11、 clock. 许多人早上起不来床，转而责怪闹钟。She blamed him for the failure of their marriage. 她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。He was to blame for the accident and was really blamed for it.(blame) 他应该为这次事故受责备，也确实受到了责备。 名师点津 ，在作表语、定语的时候to blame用主动形式表示被动含义。 页 4 第 vt.pretend 假装 to be a repair man to get into the house of a film star and Pret

12、endingP)(教材24take pictures of her daily life. 假装成为一名修理工，进入一个电影明星的房子，拍摄她日常生活的照片。 假装是 to be. ?假装做 to do ?假装正在做 to be doing pretend?假装做过to have done ?假装that. ill. He didnt want to analyse the data, so he pretended to be 他不想分析那些数据，所以他假装生病了。He pretended to be doing(do) his lessons when his mother came in

13、. 母亲进来的时候，他假装正在做功课。She pretended that she didnt know me when we met in the street. She pretended not to know(not know) me when we met in the street. 我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我。 名师点津 的否定形式为：pretend not to do假装没做某事。pretend to do nvt .respect 方面尊敬，尊敬尊重，敬意；细节， famous peoples privacy. (教材P)The media should respect

14、25 媒体应该尊重名人的隐私。 因某事而尊敬某人 (1)respect sb.for sth. 尊敬某人为respect sb.as 尊重某人(2)show/have respect for sb. 尊敬地 with respect /那一方面 in this/that respect 在这 our parents. We should show respect for 我们应该尊敬父母。and I respect her for this. ，She has always been honest with me 她对我一直很真诚，我非常敬重她这一点。 页 5 第 It is worth re

15、membering that children tend to copy their parents in this respect. 值得记住的是孩子们在这一方面往往会效仿父母。 )P (part of which may It is likely to be just the name of a company，教材26 be a general location. 其中可能含有公司的大概位置。它很可能仅是公司的名称，是形，其中likelyIt is likely to do.【要点提炼】 句中表示“很可能” 容词，表示“很可能的”。 It is likely that.? 很可能?Sb.

16、/Sth.is likely to do sth.? he will attend the meeting. It is likely thatHe is likely to attend(attend) the meeting. 他很可能会出席会议。 likely/probable/possible明辨异同 易混词 语气强弱 主语 常用句型 likely 强，较possible语气较弱，表示“十有probable 五六”的，可能性 作表语时，主语为人、it 物或形式主语 be likely to do sth. It is likely that. probable 语气最强，表示“十有八九

17、的可能性” 作作表语时，常用it形式主语，真正的主引导的that语一般为 从句 It is probable that. possible 语气最弱，表示“十有二三的可能性” 作it作表语时，常用形式主语，真正的主或式不定般语一为 引导的从句that It is possible(for sb.)to do sth. It is possible that. (likely/probable/possible) but I am not sure. It is possible for me to change jobs， Im likely to be very busy tomorrow.

18、 It is probable/likely/possible that he will set a world record. suitable adj.合适的，适当的 页 6 第 (教材P)However，this kind of advertising might not be suitable when there are 26products and services in direct competition with each other in the market place. 然而，当产品和服务在市场上互相进行直接竞争时，这种广告可能就不适合了。 (1)be suitable

19、 for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物 适合做某事be suitable to do sth. (使)(2)suit vt. 适合 使适合于 suit.to. I think this place is suitable for you to sell souvenirs to tourists. 我认为这个地方适合你卖纪念品给游客。 This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student. 这种住宿方式提供独立的生活方式，它更适合于

20、长期居住的学生。 A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils. 一位优秀的老师应使他讲的课适合学生的年龄。 consist of 组成由(教材P)Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to 26show people how good the products are. 有些广告中含有图片或专家说的话，告诉人们该产品如何好。 (1)consist in (本质)在于；存在于 与一致 consist with 前后一致的；相符的 . (

21、2)consistent adj在方面一致 be consistent in 与一致，符合 be consistent with Happiness consists in health. 幸福在于健康。 你现在说的话与上星期你说的不相符。What youre saying now is not consistent with what you said last week. 名师点津 ，不用被动语态consist of不用进行时态常用现在分词形式作定语。 页 7 第 商量vi.靠近，走近；处理；找 approach n方法，方式 )For many of todays advertisers

22、, repeating old ideas is not a 教材P(26. successful approach 对当今很多广告设计者来说，重复旧的理念已不是有效的办法。 某人一接近at ones approach make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人 是(toan approach to. 解决的方法，通往的道路) 介词) 临近 with the approach of 随着的来临( the children ran off. approachAt her 她走近的时候，孩子们跑了。I like her approach to the problem. 我喜欢她解决

23、这个问题的方法。Im not good at making approaches(approach)to strangers. 我不善于接近陌生人。 名师点津 ，in this way的表达还有：我们学过的表示“用这种方法”with this method by this means等。 )(P as well The top advertisers of today believe that using humour 教材26 modern in surprise people is important as new and unusual ideas to advertisements.新

24、颖独特又幽默的在现代广告中运用既出其不意、当今的顶级广告商认为， 创意很重要。using，作动名词连接两个名词句中as well ashumour和ideas【要点提炼】 的宾语。 ，用于”(又)而且意为“和，也，(1)as well as 不但()，既它连接的并连接平行结构。连接动词时其后面常用动名词，尤其是位于句首时。 前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。as well as列成分作主语时，谓语动词与 as.as.结构。表示同级比较，意为“和一样好”，此时是(2)as well as 页 8 第 As well as breaking his leg，he hurt his arm. 他不但摔断

25、了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。 Li Na speaks English as well as a native speaker. 李娜英语说得与以英语为母语的人一样好。 The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony. 那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在开幕式上演出。 名师点津 (1)与as well as连接并列成分作主语用法类似的还有along with，with，besides，but，except，rather than等。 (2)as well

26、表示“也”，通常位于句尾，相当于too。 (P)Howevernot all advertising is about selling products and ，教材26 services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了盈利而推销产品和服务。 【要点提炼】 句中not all为部分否定。 (1)某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all，both和形容词whole，every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词。某些副词如altogether，always，entirely，wholly，quite等也是。 (2)英语中的

27、no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。 Our English teacher is excellent，but she cant help everyone in the class in 50 minutes. 我们的英语老师非常优秀，但她不能在50分钟内帮助每一个人。 The rich men are not always happy. 有钱的人并非总是幸福的。 None of the books are usefu

28、l to us for the moment. 这些书对我们暂时都没用。 Neither of them can speak English. 页 9 第 他们俩都不会讲英语。 ncontribution 捐助，贡献(教材P)Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions 26to society. 目前有些广告致力于为社会做贡献。 (1)make contributions/a contribution to 为做贡献；捐助 捐献，捐款，贡献；有助于；促成；投 (2)contribute v. 稿 有助于；促

29、成；投稿contribute to 提供向捐款/contribute.to. A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适当的运动量有助于健康。 He has made great contributions to the city development. 他为城市发展做出了巨大的贡献。 He contributed 5，000 dollars to the disaster-hit areas. 他给灾区捐了5 000美元。 巧学助记 Many people contributed money to the poor b

30、oy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给这个可怜的男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了学校。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的新闻报道并把它投到了报社。 vi.arise 出现；起身；起床，发生(教材P)Could you tell us how the problem arose? 115你能告诉我们问题是怎么出现的吗？ 写出下列句中arise的含义 Seeing his mother return home，t

31、he boy arose from his chair immediately. 起身 A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 页 10 第 出现 at sunrise to get an early start to the park. aroseThey 起床 产生于，起因于result from arise from/out of Accidents often arise from/out of carelessness. 事故常起因于粗心。 arise/r

32、ise/raise/arouse 明辨异同 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 . arise vi arose arisen 出现；起身 . irise v rose risen 升起，升高； 站起，起床 . raise vt raised raised 举起，抬起 . arouse vt aroused aroused 唤起 的适当形式填空用arise/rise/raise/arouse The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. She rose/arose to greet her guests. He raised his hand in

33、 order that the taxi might stop. The noise aroused the sleeping guard. vt.employ雇用；使用；使忙于these by people of famous taken ).pay (教材Phigh prices for photographs 115 photographers. employedself- 给个体经营的摄影师拍摄的名人照片付高价。 雇用某人做某事 (1)employ sb.to do sth. 利用某物做某事employ sth.to do sth. be employed in. employ one

34、self in. 从事；忙于 雇主(2)employer 雇员employee (un)employment /失业就业 页 11 第 They employed her to look after the baby. 他们雇用她照料那个婴儿。 You should employ your money more wisely to buy(buy)things badly needed. 你应该更明智地用你的钱来买最需要的东西。 He was busily employed in cleaning(clean) his shoes. 他正忙着擦他的鞋子。 How long has she be

35、en in your employment(employ)? 她被你雇用多长时间了？ ，努力尝试，试图 attempt v& n to attempt)But sometimesP，the paparazzi go too far in their (教材115get the best photographs. 有时候，猎奇名流的新闻记者想要得到最好的摄影作品会走的很远。 (1)attempt to do sth. make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 试图做某事in an attempt to do sth. 第一次尝试at the first

36、attempt 未遂的；意图的(2)attempted adj. /谋杀未遂 an attempted suicide/murder 自杀 The prisoner made an attempt to escape. 囚犯妄图逃跑。 Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut(cut)costs. 为了削减费用，两家工厂被关闭了。 I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 我考驾驶执照时，一次就通过了。 名师点津 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.，意为“

37、尽力做”，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 vt.defend 辩解；保卫为 页 12 第 (教材P)But I know there are people who defend the paparazzi. 115但我知道有人会为猎奇名流的新闻记者辩护。 (1)defend.against/from. 保护不受 defend sb./oneself/sth.(from/against.) 为辩解 保卫；辩护 . (2)defence n为申辩，为了保卫 in defence of. They defend t

38、heir country against/from enemies. 他们保卫自己的国家不受敌人侵犯。 She defended herself(she)successfully in the court. 她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。 She spoke in defence(defend)of her religious beliefs. 她为其宗教信仰辩护。 in favour of赞同；有利于，支持(教材P)Since then，the law and the public opinion have been less in favour of 115the paparazzi

39、and their job. 自那以后，法律和公众舆论就已经对猎奇名流的新闻记者及他们的工作很少支持了。 (1)favour n 赞同；恩惠 喜爱；有利于 . vt对某人有利 in ones favour ask a favour of sb. ask sb.a favour 求某人帮忙 do a favour for sb. do sb.a favour 帮某人忙 最喜爱的 (2)favourite adj. . favourable adj 赞同的；顺利的，有利的 Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Im on the phone, w

40、ill you? 劳驾，我打电话时，你能把收音机的声音调小点儿吗？ The exchange rate is in our(us) favour today. 页 13 第 今天的兑换率对我们有利。 Could I ask a favour? Would you pick my son up at the school gate? 请你帮我个忙去学校门口接我儿子好吗？ Such events occur only when the external conditions are favourable (favour)这种事情只有在外部条件有利时才会发生。 解构长句难句 1For example

41、，it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”， and you would know what the companies sell，where they are located，and the brand names. 【分析】 本句是由and连接的两个并列句。在后一个分句中，又包含着 what引导的宾语从句和where引导的宾语从句。 【翻译】 例如，一则广告可能是“上海缝纫机厂”或“青岛啤酒厂”，你一看就知道它们卖什么，位置在哪里，是什么牌子。 2Modern advertisements m

42、ust stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive. 【分析】 本句是一个结构复杂的较长的简单句。full of competition是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a world，意为“一个充满竞争的世界”；by combining.with.是介词短语作方式状语；linked to the products是过去分词短语 作后置定语，修饰id

43、eas；to make them more attractive是不定式短语作目的状语。 【翻译】 现代的广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。 随 堂 效 果 落 实 .单句语法填空 1You are not wholly to blame for the accident. 2The children were employed in weeding(weed)the garden. 3The management is making a serious attempt to improve(improve)working conditions

44、. 4The frank exchange of views contributed to better understanding(understand) 5I know a new approach to the difficult problem. 页 14 第 6Happiness consists in trying to do our duty. 7When I saw her，she pretended to be sleeping(sleep). 【导学号：07372009】 8Is there any man unwilling to fight in defence(def

45、end)of his country? 9The husband arose(arise)and looked out of the window. 10He as well as I is willing to help(help) you. .单句改错 1It is like that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow. likelikely 2Not all the student go in for table tennis. studentstudents 3He has made great contribution to the city de

46、velopment. contributioncontributions 4English，as well as Chinese and maths，are of great importance. areis 5Please send them my respect when you write. respectrespects 语 法 专 项 突 破 动名词 自主领悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 页 15 第 is repeating old ideasFor many of todays advertisers，not a successful approach. simply that p

47、eople Others try to create advertisements . enjoy looking atinformation that gives advertisement The classic is one . about finding certain productsapplying modern of money is spending on .a lot as advertisements make these of design to techniquesvisually attractive as possible. is makingpurpose of

48、the advertisement .the main customers spend money. Sewingbe could “Shanghai For example，it .Machine” 主词作为动名1.句 语。句、句和句均2.是动名词作宾语，句中动名词作动词的宾句和句中动名语， 词作介词的宾语。表动名词作3.句中句中动名词作定语；说明被修饰名词的语， 用途。 精要点拨形式具有动词和名词的特点。动词特点体现在可以有自己的宾语、ing动词-状语、补足语，有时态和语态的变化；名词特点体现在可以作主语、宾语、表语 和定语。 形式的时态、语态和否定形态-ing 一、动词ing-ing 形

49、式的时态有一般式和完成式；语态有主动式和被动式；动词动词- do为例，列表说明如下：形式的否定形式是直接在其前面加上not。以及物动词 语态时态 (肯定式/否定式) 主动 ) 否定式肯定式/被动( 一般式 doing/not doing being done/not being done 完成式 having done/not having done having been done/not having been done 一般式表示与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生；完成式表示动作先于谓语1. 动词完成。 ？你喜欢下棋吗？playingDo you like chessso havingbee

50、n for with wasnt the pleased She was that teacher angry her careless. 页 16 第 她很高兴老师没有因为她的粗心而生气。 2语态主要看与逻辑主语的关系。如果逻辑主语是动词-ing 形式动作的执行者就用主动形式，是动词-ing形式动作的承受者就用被动形式。 While shopping, people sometimes cant help being persuaded into buying something they dont really need. 购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服买他们可能并不需要的东西。 3否

51、定形式是在动词-ing 形式前直接加上not。 I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.我必须因没有提前告知你而向你道歉。 二、动词-ing的句子成分 1作主语 Teaching English in a middle school is my full-time job. 在中学教英语是我的专职工作。 In some Arabian countries，shaking ones head from side to side means agreement. 在一些阿拉伯国家，摇头表示同意。 名师点津 动名词和不定式作主语

52、的区别 动名词：动名词作主语通常表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。 不定式：不定式作主语既可表示经常性的、习惯性的动作又可表示具体的、一次性的动作。 Lying is wrong. 撒谎不对。 To lie to her is wrong. 对她撒谎不对。 温馨提示 (1)动名词作主语后置的常用句型： 页 17 第 a waste of time?no good/use?v.-ing It is/washardly any good/use?worthwhileIt is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。 (2)当句型“There is no.”表示“不允许、禁

53、止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 (3)单个动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Planting many trees is very good for our environment. 植树对我们的环境非常有好处。 即时演练1 用所给动词的适当形式填空 Reading(read)aloud is a good way of learning a language. As far as Im concerned，its no good arguing(argue)with him

54、. Making friends plays(play)an important part in our life. 2作表语 动名词作表语通常是对主语进行说明、解释。这时主语和表语位置可以互换。 His hobby is watching football games. Watching football games is his hobby. 他的爱好是看足球比赛。 名师点津 现在分词作表语相当于形容词的功能，说明主语的性质、特征，主语和表语的位置不可互换。 温馨提示 (1)动名词和不定式均可作表语，解释或说明主语的具体内容，两者常可换用。 My job is looking after

55、the old man. 页 18 第 My job is to look after the old man. 我的工作是照顾那位老人。 (2)在有些情况下，如果动词表示的是一个具体的、个别的动作，则多用不定式作表语；用动名词作表语侧重于主语本身的性质或状态。 Your task today is to wash the curtains. 你今天的任务是洗窗帘。(指一次具体的工作) His favorite sport is swimming. 他最喜欢的运动是游泳。(泛指游泳) 3作宾语 (1)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, disl

56、ike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(无法忍受)等动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。 What environment do you enjoy working in? 你喜欢在什么样的环境下工作？ If you ask me, I think you

57、should give up smoking. 如果你问我，我认为你应该戒烟。 I cant help laughing every time I think of that. 每次想起那件事，我就会忍不住笑起来。 (2)forget, remember, mean, regret, go on, stop, try等动词或词组后可用动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事? forget to do sth.忘记去做某事?remember doing sth.记得做过某事? remember to do sth.记住去做某事?mean doing

58、 sth.意味着做某事? mean to do sth.打算做某事?regret doing sth.后悔做了某事? regret to do sth.遗憾做某事? 页 19 第 go on doing sth.继续做某事? go on to do sth.接着做另一件事?try doing sth.试着做某事? try to do sth.尽量做某事?I forget doing homework this morning. 我忘记早上做过作业了。 But what if they forget to look at their calendar? 但是，如果他们忘了看日历怎么办？ I re

59、member meeting you one evening at the Capital Theatre. 我记得有一天晚上在首都剧场遇到过你。 I must remember to read the book. 我必须记得去读这本书。 (3)在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit，consider后直接跟动名词作宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾词，则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 sb.to do sth.?allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider ?doing sth.?Smoking is forbidden here so we dont

60、allow you to smoke. 这里禁止吸烟，所以我们不允许你吸烟。 We dont allow smoking in the hall. 我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。 (4)动词need，require，want 作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”解时，其后用动名词的主动形式(doing )或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。be worth 后用动名词的主动形式(doing)表示被动意义，而worthy则需用被动形式。 to be cleaned.?The window needs/requires/wants ?cleaning.?窗户需要擦一下。 wor