专四语法串讲2 主谓一致反意疑问句限定词

1、反义疑问句的考点聚焦 1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I. I am a student, arent I 2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It is impos

2、sible, isnt it? 5）当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主语，具有否定概念时。如： Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they? Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 6）当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing,

3、 anything, something时，附加 疑问句中的主语一般用it，不用they。如： Everything seems all right now, doesnt it? Nothing is kept in good order, is it? Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it? 7)must在表示推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be a doctor, isnt he? You must have studied English for three years, havent you?

4、He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 8)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Dont do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / wont you ? 9) 复合句的反疑疑问句 A .带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? B上述部分主句谓语是I /we th

5、ink, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I dont think he is bright, is he? 10）当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usednt或didnt。如： The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he? didnt he?Tom used to live here, usednt he?或 11）当陈述部分由had better， 或had 表示完成时态时，疑问句用hadnt 开头。 Youd better

6、get up early, hadnt you? 12) there be句型中，反义疑问句部分必须用be动词+there. t there?There are some apples in the basket, aren 反意疑问句 1. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, _? a. hadnt she b. hasnt she c. wouldnt she d. didnt she 2003 2. Do help yourself to some fruit, _you? a. cant

7、 b. dont c. wouldnt d. wont 2000 3. When you have finished with that video tape, dont forget to put it in my drawer, _? a. do you b. will you c. dont you d. wont you 1998 4. You and I could hardly understand, _? a. could I b. couldnt you c. couldnt we d. could we 1995 主谓一致的考点聚焦 1）“就远原则”“主语介词短语等”作主语

8、在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之a一致。 2）就近原则neithernor, (either)or, not onlybut also, notbut等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。 3）“a / the number of复数名词”作主语 表示“的数量”的“the number of +复数名词”

9、作主语时，谓语动词用单数；表示“一些 / 许多”的“a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Every A and every B / No A and no B/ 4). more than one + _/ Many a + _ / one and a half + 谓语动词用单数。 More members than one are against your plan.用复数，more 复数名词+than one 注意：5）.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 注意：整体看待:bread and butter bread an

10、d cheese a knife and fork a cart and horse needle and thread law and order fish and chips meat and potatoes 例如: Truth and honesty is the best policy 注意：adj. + and + adj. + 不可数名词复数名词 谓语（复数） Eg. Chinese (beer) and French beer are served here. 6）.表达时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值,算式的短语通常接动词的单数形式。 eg. Five minutes is

11、 enough to do this exercise 7）.如果主语由“the形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时, 谓语通常用复数, 8).由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；但所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词通常用复数. Eg. What we need are good textbooks. 9).people, police, cattle, militia, 是复数名词, 接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。 sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft works单复数同形; clothes +复数动词 10) All 指人，用复数动词；all

12、指物，用单数动词。 11). 集合名词指整体时，用单数代词；指由不同的人组成的集合时，用复数代词。 audience couple family public class crowd government staff (全体职员） committee group team crew(船飞机全体工作人员）company 12). 书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 主谓一致 1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _ going to agree upon anything today.

13、 a. neither you nor I are b. neither you nor me is c. neither you nor I am d. neither me nor you are 2003 1. The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to _the quality of the products. a. affects b. affect 2. Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of th

14、e insect that _not fully understood. a. is b. are 3. Buying clothes _often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her. a. is b. are 4. To understand the situation completely _more thought than has been given thus far. a. requires b. require

15、 5.The president of the college, together with the deans, _ planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. a. are b. is 限定词（DETERMINER 限定词的取舍要取决于中心词（名词）的类别（即可数或不可数，单数或复数等）. 冠词（定冠词，不定冠词）是最主要最典型的限定词，其他还有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词属格、序数词、基数词等 1 限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 限定词的选择决定于随后的名词的类别，是单数名词、复数名词

16、，还是不可数名词。 1能与三类名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如the, some, any, no, other, whose以及my, your等物主限定词和名词属格（Johns, my friends等能与三类名词搭配 例如： the book, my book, my friends book, Johns book, 2只能与单数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a 等只能与单数名词搭配。 例如： each worker, either book, an apple,

17、 another book, such a book, 3) 只能与复数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如both, two, three, another two / three, many, (a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of等只能与复数名词搭配。 例如： both workers, several students, a number of essays, many students, 4) 只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如a (little) bit of, a great amount of, a great

18、deal of, (a) little, much等只能与不可数名词搭配。 例如： a bit of water, a great amount of labour, a great deal of work, (a) little space, much noise. 5能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如the first, the second, the last, the next等既可与单数名词搭配，也可与复数名词搭配。 例如： the first rose, the last man, the next meeting, the first roses, the last m

19、en, the next meetings. 6能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如this, that, (the) least等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配。 例如： (the) least sign (of prejudice), this / that job, (the) least knowledge, this / that work. 7能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词 还有些限定词如a lot of, lots of, enough, more, most, such, other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。 例如： a lot of books, a

20、lot of money, lots of chickens, lots of food, plenty of chairs, plenty of water, enough copies, 不定量限定词less原先只与不可数名词搭配，但在现代英语中，less既可与不可数名词也可与复数名词搭配。例如： less money, less mistakes. 2 限定词与限定词的搭配关系 1限定词可分为：前位、中位、后位限定词 a). 前位限定词包括all, both, half; double, twice, three times, etc (倍数词); one-third, two-fift

21、hs, etc（分数词）; what, such, (a / an) b) 中位限定词包括定冠词和不定冠词；物主限定词；指示限定词；名词属格；不定限定词；疑问限定词；关系限定词； 例如：a(n), the; this, that, these, those; my, your, etc; Merrys, my friends; some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough; what(ever), which(ever), whose等 c) 后位限定词包括基数词，序数词，数量词 例如：one, two, three, etc; fir

22、st, second, third, etc; next, last, other, another, etc; many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of; such等 2) 三类限定词的搭配关系： 如果一个名词词组带有上述三

23、类限定词，其搭配关系总是按照前位中位后位的顺序排列。 例如：all your three books (前-中-后) all these last few days (前-中-后-后) 如果只有两类限定词，仍按上述搭配关系。例如：half his lecture (前-中) those last few months (中-后-后) a few more samples (中-后-后) another twenty tons (后-后) 注： 一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以，我的那本书不是 my that book而是that book of mine，但后位限

24、定词的使用却不受此限 个别限定词有跨类现象，如such既属于前位限定词，又可归入后位限定词。由于它只是在such a.和such an.这样的搭配中属于前位限定词，而在与其他限定词(some, any, no, all, few, another, other, many, one, two, etc)搭配时，such则是后位限定词，一律放在上述这些限定词的后面，如some such, any such, no such, few such, one such等，因此本书把它归入后位限定词。 1.They saw _ girls the day before yesterday. a. bot

25、h the other two b. the two other both c. the both other two d. the both two other 2.One uses the freezer, the computer and the business school to manufacture _ dishes in never a tick longer than 100 seconds. a. such others b. other such c. such other d. other such a 3._ was astonished to find himself rooting and shouting in a most undignified manner. a. Many elderly man b. A many elderly men c. Many an elderly man d. Many elderly men 4.I know now, of course, there is _ as love.