外研版高中英语必修三Module1-Europe基本知识

1、Book 3Module 1 Europe重点单词1across prep横.过；穿过2continental adj.大陆的；大洲的 continent n大洲3face vt.面向；面对 facial adj.面部的4range n山脉5situated adj.坐落 (某处 )的；位于 (某处 )的 situation n状况，位置6symbol n象征；符号 symbolic adj.象征性的7located adj.位于 locate v位于 location n位置；场所8project n计划；项目；工程9civilization n 文明 civilize v 使文明；有修养

2、civilized adj. 有教养的10ancient adj.古代的11opposite prep.在对面12sign vt.签署 signature n签名13agreement n协议；契约 agree v同意 disagreement n(反义词 )不同意14govern vt.统治；治理 government n政府 governor n统治者15geographical adj.地理的 geography n地理学16feature n特点重点短语1off the coast of 在离海岸不远的地方on the coast of 在 海岸上2be located/situate

3、d in 位于3be famous for因而闻名be well known to sb. 为某人所熟知4be known as作为而闻名5work on工作；干活6because of因为 as a result of 由于；因为owing to 由于；因为 ; due to 因为7ever since自从以来 since then 从那时起一直到现在8refer to意指，涉及9in terms of 据；依照 according to 根据；按照10on (the) one hand, on the other hand一方面 .,另一方面 11little by little逐渐地 s

4、tep by step 一点一点地 one by one 一个一个地12with a population of 有人口13have.in _common with 与有共同之处14have control over/of 对加以控制under the control 在 控制之下take/gain control of 取得对 的控制lost control of 失去对 的控制keep control of 保持对 的控制beyond control 无法控制in control of管理in the control of 失去控制115. of all time 有史以来 all the

5、 time 一直 ;始终 at times 有时 ;偶尔 at one time 一度 ;曾经16. in common 共同in common with 和 相同common practice 惯例common sense 常识17. compare with/to 与 相比较compare notes 交换意见by comparison 相比之下in comparison with/to与 相比Word study:1. range n. 排；连续；山脉； (变化等的 )幅度； (知识等的 )范围；区域；射程v. 排列，使排队； (动植物 )分布； (在一定范围内 )变化，变动Betwee

6、n France and Spain is another mountain rangethe Pyrenees.a wide range of 广泛的 ；各种各样的a full range of 各种within/in range of 在的范围内beyond/out of ones range超越了 的范围range from.to. 在范围内变动，包括 (由到)之间的各类事物 range between.and. 在和范围内变动range over 范围涉及range in rows 把 排成队eg. (1)The child was now out of her range of vi

7、sion这.孩子已经走出了她的视线。(2)There is a full range of activities for children.这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。(3)Estimates of the damage range between $ 1 million and $ 5 million.估计损失在 100万到 500万美元之间。(4)She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。2. situated = located

8、 adj. 坐落 (某处 )的；位于 (某处的 )situatevt. 使位于，使处于situationn. 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置；形势，立场be situated on / in/ at 位于 的；处于 地位（境遇、状态）的be located at/ in/ on 位于 的；处于 位置be badly/well situated 境况困难 /良好be in an embarrassing situation处境尴尬save the situation 挽回局势the international situation 国际 (国内 )形势feel out the situation

9、摸清底细（情况）locationn. 位置，场所，所在地on location拍摄外景的，拍摄外景中eg. (1)The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。(2)He was very badly situated. 他处于困境中。(3)I am now in a difficult situation.我现在处境困难。辨析： situate /locate2(1) be situated on/ in / at 与 be located on/ in / at意义相同，都可表示“位于的，坐落在 的”意思Where will the sch

10、ool be situated /located?(2) situated 做为形容词用时，可用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于 境况”。- How are you situated? 你情况如何？- Very badly. 坏极了(3) locate 还可以表示“确定某物的位置，找出 的场所”之意。We located the island on the map.3. symbol n. 象征；符号The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.Generally, we us

11、e X as the symbol for an unknown quantity.symbol /sign/ signal(1) symbol指作为象征意义或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。(2) sign指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。(3) signal指为某一目的而有意义的信号。4. opposite prep. 在 对面 adj. 相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的adv. 在对面n. 反义词，对立的事物，相反的人The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.The library is on the opposite

12、side of the road from our school.opposition n. 反对，敌对，相反oppositelyadv. 相对地，对立地be opposite from与相反；不相容be opposite to在对面；与相反just the opposite恰恰相反be opposed to反对 ; 反抗 in opposition to sb./sth. 反对 eg.(1)The people sitting opposite us looked familiar. 坐在我们对面的人看上去面(2)Light is opposite to shadow.光亮与阴暗是相反的。(

13、3)Mary isnt shy at all just the opposite in fact.玛丽一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。(4)We sat opposite，talking.我们相对而坐，说着话。5. head n. 领导；领袖；头；v. 带领；向 方向前进In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen.When the engine caught fire, I just lost my head.当 head 意为“领导；领袖；头；头脑”时是可数名词；但作为量词，表示“多少头”时不

14、可用复数。keep ones head 保持冷静lose ones head 头脑不清醒，慌张a clear/cool head 冷静 /清醒的头脑hold ones head high昂首挺胸from head to foot 从头到脚；全身；完全head for/ toward朝 ;向6. In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union compared with China?3(a). in terms of with regard to/according to/in the light of 据；依照；在

15、方面 The job is great in teams of salary, but it has its e to terms和解；妥协；让步come to terms with 甘心忍受be on good/bad terms with与关系很好 (坏)in the long (short) term 从长远 (眼前 )来看in any terms无论如何，在任何情况下be in terms 在谈判（交涉）中keep on good (friendly) terms with sb. 与某人保持良好（友好）关系，交朋友 keep terms with s

16、b. 与某人交往；与某人保持友好关系be on equal terms 关系平等on one s terms 依照某人的条件eg. (1)It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很难的。(2)The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage那.些数字是以百分数表示的。(3) In terms of money, her loss was small从.金钱的角度来讲，她的损失是很小的。7. little by little 一点一点地，慢慢地，逐渐地bit

17、by bit 一点一点地quite a little 美口 大量，丰富little more than 和无差别(一样 )by little and little little by little 逐渐地，一点点地a little 一点儿a bit of 一点儿a little bit少量的a little more /less有点多 /少quite a bit颇多eg. (1)Little by little things returned to normal. 情况逐渐恢复正常。(2)Graham was more than _a little_frightened by what he

18、had seen.格雷厄姆被他看到的事吓了一大跳。【拓展】：not a little/not a bit(1)not a little 许多；很 veryShe was _not a little_ tired after the long journey. 经过长途跋涉，她非常累。(2)not a bit 一点儿也不 not at allI mnot a bit_tired now.我现在一点儿也不累。Really, David is _not a bit_ like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.的确，就慷慨大方这一点来说，大卫

19、一点也不像他哥哥。8. last: vi持续 The rainy season lasted until July.耐久The coat lasts well.vt. 熬过 时候；度过，足够维持The food will last us three days.9. influencevt. 影响；对 起作用；左右n. 影响；作用；影响力have an influence on sb./sth. 对 产生影响have influence over sb./ sth对. 有影响力4under the influence of 受 影响under the influence 喝醉的10. compa

20、re v. 关于 compare 短语：compared with 和比较（作状语，放于句首或句末）compare A to B把 A 比作 Bcompare A with B把 A 和 B 作比较11on the other hand另一方面；反过来说at hand在手边，在附近；即将到来，即将发生at first hand 第一手地，直接地at second hand第二手的；间接的；旧的；用过的on every hand四面八方，四周on the one hand.; on the other hand.一方面；另一方面 at any handin any hand 在任何情况下；无论如

21、何eg. (1) He is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.他是一个能干的人，但是另一方面，他对人要求太多了。(2)On the one hand he loves her very much; on the other hand , he hates her pride.他一方面非常喜欢她，另一方面又讨厌她的骄傲。【拓展】：on the other hand / on the contrary(1)on the other hand表示 “另一方面 ”，说明同一件事的两个方面，并不表示相反的对

22、立面。多用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。(2)on the contrary 表示 “相反的 ”，用于对比指出与前面事情截然相反的方面。相当于 the opposite is true: not at all。eg. (1)Im sure you like your new job.我相信你喜欢你的新工作。 On the contrary ，its very dull. 正相反，新工作很乏味。(2)I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I cant bear the thought of moving.我想卖掉房子，但另一方面我又无法容

23、忍搬家的想法。12sign n. 记号，符号；迹象；征兆；痕迹v. 签(名)；做手势；做记号signaturen. 签名traffic signs 交通标志a sign of rain 下雨的预兆talk by signs 用手势交谈make/give a sign to对做手势sign in/out 签到 /签退sign for/up 签字领取 /报名参加sign sb. to do sth. 打手势让某人做某事sign (your name) here, please.eg. (1)There were no signs of life on the island.那个岛上没有生物存在的迹

24、象。(2)Nobody moved until I gave the sign.在我发信号之前，谁也没动。(3)He signs (to/for) me to stop.他打手势让我停下。(4)This is a registered letter, and someone will have to sign for it.这是一封挂号信，必须有人签收才行。(5)Im thinking of signing up for the philosophy course this term.我正在考虑这学期报名参加哲学课。13. The United Kingdom is off the north

25、west coast of continental Europe. off the coast of离陆地不远的海上5 on the coast 指在离海面附近的陆地上I once stayed in a town on the south coast of England.He died in a shipwreck off the south coast.句中的 off 是介词，译为“与 相离，脱离”eg. He lives in a villagea little away off the road. 他住在离大路不远的村子里。It will be a good thing when t

26、hose old cars are off the roads那.些旧车不再上路将是件大好事 from 指从某个起点离开或行为从某个起点开始； off 指离开或脱离某物。continental adj. 大陆的 ,大陆性的 continent 大陆 a continental climate 大陆性气候continental breakfast欧式早餐（只供应面包、咖啡的简单早餐）continental divide 大陆分水岭continental drift 大陆漂移continental shelf 大陆架the Continental Congress 大陆会议continent (C

27、) n.大陆Asia亚洲Africa 非洲North America 北美洲South America南美洲Europe 欧洲Australia 澳洲Antarctica 南极洲the New Continent新大陆，指南北美洲大陆14. France is Europe sthird largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel. Europes third largest country形容词的 最高级 级前加上了序数词 third 来修饰，如eg. The second most expe

28、nsive suit cost me 1000 yuan第.二贵的西服花了我1000。 facen. 脸；面，表面v. 面对，面临；朝向；正视【拓展】in (the) face of面对be faced with面临 /面对make a face (make faces) 做鬼脸；扮怪相face up to大胆面向hit sb. in the face打中某人的脸save one s face保全面子lose one se fac失面子face to face 面对面with a smile on ones face 面带微笑fly in the face of 公然反抗eg. (1)_Fac

29、ed with_difficulty, we didnt give in. 面对困难，我们没有屈服。(2)The housefaces(to the) south. 这房子朝南。(3)Liu Hulan faced the enemy bravely /with courage刘.胡兰勇敢地面对敌人。(4)If anything goes wrong, it is I who will have to face the music.如果出了什么问题，负责任的是我。15. 三种常见倍数句式：倍数 +as+adj/adv(原型 )+as倍数 +adj/adv(比较级 )+than倍数 +the s

30、ize /length /depth of16. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands.6 Part of/half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语Part of/half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语eg. Nearly 70 percent of the students wear glasses接.近 70%的学生都戴眼镜。 Half of the food was wasted. 一半的食物

31、都浪费了 cover v. 覆盖cover A with B= A is covered with/by 被 .所覆盖from cover to cover从头到尾under cover被守护17.be situated(located) on/in 位于某处more than 超过；不仅仅be famous for 因而出名be famous as作为 而出名be famous to 为所熟知two-thirds 三分之二the second largest city 第二个最大的城市be designed by (sb.由)所设计work on 从事notuntil 直到才because

32、of 由于in the 1300s在 14 世纪last for 持续of all time 一直，有史以来such as例如ever since 从那以后重点句型1France is Europe sthird largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the EnglishChannel. 法国是欧洲第三大国，越过英吉利海峡与英国隔海相望。 across prep. (表示运动 )横过，越过（表示位置）在 的对面 The old man walked across the roadcrossv. 越过cross the stre

33、et 穿过大街crossing(C)十字路口2. Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediteranean.意大利在欧洲南部on（表示接近）接近于 ,面向 （河川、道路等的）旁边，沿着，朝着 a town on the river 河畔的城镇Paris is located on the River Seine. 巴黎位于塞纳河上。on 表示事物与另一区域的接壤关系；to 表示事物对区域范围之外的另一事物的位置；in表示在范围内。3Their work has influenced other writers ever s

34、ince他.们的作品影响了后世的作家。4The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States.扩展后的欧盟人口超过五亿，是美国人口的两倍。II. Lauguage points:2. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.work on(sth)“继续工作，对 起作用 ”= contribute to

35、 从事，致力于spend time/energy on sth.eg.他近期一直忙着写新小说。He is working on his new novel in these days.【拓展】：work at 从事于 致力于 work out做出；算出73. Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.1)“Flore

36、nce is an Italian city”是该句的主要成分，其后 which 引导的是定语从句，修饰city。从句中“ a great artistic movement.”是 the Renaissance的同位语，这个同位语中又包含一个定语从句 “which began in . years”来修饰 movement。2) because of “由于，因为 ”(后接 n./doing/pron) thanks to, owning to，as a result of,due to，on account of而 because是一个连词，后者接句子。试比较： He was late b

37、ecause of the rain yesterday. He was late because it rained yesterday.3) in the 1300s 意为“在 14 世纪 30 年代”，注意表示“世纪年代”时，要在年代后加 s，类似的表达有： in ones thirties 在某人三十多岁时。eg. When he was _, he got seriously ill _ his addiction to smoking.A. in his twenty; because of B. in his twenties; because C. in his twentie

38、s; because of 4. Their work has influenced over writers ever since.ever since “从那以后”，要和现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用， 类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last (month), in/for the past 一段时间 ,since.ago等。eg.He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since .他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住

39、在这里。 I haven t seensincher ten years ago. 自十年前至今，我没见过她。 We have completed half of the work so far . 到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。 The couple have been working very hard for/in the last(past ) ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。【拓展】：(1)It is/was/has been时间段 since 从句（过去时） .自从已经多久了 It is three years since hejoined the ar

40、my. 他参军 3 年了。 It is three years since hesmoked.他戒烟 3 年了 (不吸烟 )。（ 2）It will be/was 时间段 before 从句 .再有多长时间才It was 2 years before wemet each other again.It will not be long before heknows the truth.过不了多久，他就会知道真相，(3) 在 It is/was 时间段 since.句型中，若 since 从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。eg.How long do you suppose it i

41、s _ he arrived there?(D)A whenBbeforeCafterD since思维拓展1. opposition U 反对，敌对oppositely adv.相反地2. beside 和 besides 的用法：8besideprep. 在的旁边besidesprep. & adv. 除了 之外next 后接宾语须有 to； near 为介词，可直接接宾语3. none 与 no onenone 可指人、物，可与of 连用，用来回答how many 的提问，谓语单复数皆可。 no one 只可以指人，不与of 连用，谓语为单数，用来回答who 的提问。Neither, n

42、one, no one, nothing表示全部否定， not 与 all, both, every 连用表示部分否定。Eg: Both of them wontgo there.他们两个人不会都去那儿。4. calm 平静的，沉着的，指无风浪的或人的心情不激动。still静止的，不动的，指没有运动或动作。silent 沉默的，不发音的。5. paint 指用颜料画，如油画颜料、水彩或者水墨画；draw 通常指用铅笔、钢笔或者粉笔画，后者一般并不涂上颜色。6. imagination n. 想象力，思想beyond imagination出乎意料地draw on (ones) imaginat

43、ion 杜撰，编造 have a good imagination 想象力好 have a poor imagination 想象力差7. Dontmention it. 不要客气；不用谢。哪里，哪里（客套话） 。(not) worth mentioning（不）值得一提8. belong to 没有被动形式，无进行时，类似的短语还有 : take place, come about, come out, come up, come true, break out, run out, take part in等。9. increase指形状、大小、数量、程度等的增大； enlarge主要指大小

44、、体积、范围、能力等的增大； multiply 主要指增加数量，通过繁殖来增加。课文部分练习题：1There had been no _of life on Mars so far, though great efforts have been made onresearch.A symbolBsignCmarkDsignal2Known _ a writer, Jin Yong, whose real name is Zha Liangyong, is well known _Chinese people _ his wonderful works.A as; for; toBfor; to

45、; asCas; to; forDto; as; for _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.AFacedBFaceCFacingDTo face For more than 20 years, weve been supporting educational programs that_fromkindergartens to colleges. AspreadBmoveCshiftDrange _ in the east of the city, the museum is one of the bi

46、ggest of its kind in the country.A LocatingBBeing locatedCLocatedDTo be located The library is on the _ side of the road from the school.A acrossBcontrary CopposedDopposite9 (2007 浙江 )The openair celebration has been put off_ the bad weather.A in case ofBin spite ofCinstead ofDbecause of _， the wind

47、 died down and people began to appear on the street.A A little bitBA bit lessCNot a littleDLittle by little I would like a job which pays more but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.A in other wordsBon the other handCfor one thingDas a matter of fact1 _ the northeast coast of the sea, we coul

48、d find the forest was on fire on the island_ the coast.A On; onBOff; offCOn; offDOff; on1 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A SinceBUnlessCAsDAlthough1 Wang Hailings first book was a great success and she _ famous as a writer in thearmy ever since. A had be

49、enBhas beenCwasDbecameFunction Part:WordsUsageacrosson the other side of 在另一边having one thing on one side and sth else on thebetweenother 在之间常构成 between andoffaway from远离 off the coasttoin the direction在的外面，不接壤onnext to, along the side of 接壤 , 在河边 on theriver/ coastinwithin a place or area 在内部【注】：ac

50、ross 指从一个平面上穿过； through 指从物体的中间穿过，给人以立体感across 与 crossacross 是介词， 不能在句中作谓语；cross是动词，在句中作谓语Other prepositions or prepositional phrases(其他介词或介词短语 )：Describe locations: On the left/right , in front of , behind, near, next to, opposite,表达地点above, below, beside.Describe movement表达运动 : to, fromPractice：1.

51、 The Red Army overcame many difficultiesduring the Long March,_ the snowmountain, _ the river and _ the forest.A. over; through; acrossB. over; across; throughC. across; through; overD. across; over; through2. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian and lies _ the east of China.10A. in; inB. in; toC. to; /D.

52、 to; /in3.The country is a small island _ the south coast of the Pacific Ocean.A. ofB. fromC. offD. on4. As I came _ the town, I found many houses had been destroyed by the earthquake.A. throughB. acrossC. crossD. inThe countries are independent and are governed in different ern vt. 统治，控制，管理n. government政府eg. The price is governed by marked demand.价格取决于市场需求。Period grammarPart 1 S