高考英语情态动词讲解及习题(附答案

1、情态动词常见的情态动词有：can 能may可以will ， would（表意愿）need需要dare 敢must必须have to不得不shall ， should应该（表义务）ought to应该1.can ， could的用法1.1 表能力，有“能” 、“会”、“能够”的意思例如： Can you drive a car?你会开车吗？-Yes, I can.我会。-No, I cant.我不会。1.2 表允许，在口语中代替may ，有“可以”的意思例如： Can I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗？1.3 表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句例如： Can it be tru

2、e?那会是真的吗？Today is Sunday. He cant be at school. 今天是星期天。他不可能在学校里。1.4 过去式 could 表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如： Could I come to see you tomorrow?明天我可以来见你吗？1.5 can和 be able to 的比较1) can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态(could) ，其他时态要用 be able to 的形式例如： I havent been able to get in touch with her.我一直没能和她联系上。2) 通常 can 和 be able to可以互换例如

3、：He will come if he can.如果可能的话， 他一定会来。2.may ， might的用法2.1 表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如： You may go now.你可以走了。May I use your computer?我用一下你的电脑可以吗？2.2 回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法：例如： May I smoke here?我可以在这儿抽烟吗？-Yes, you may.-Yes, please.-No, you cant.-No, you mustnt.-No, youd better not.2.3 表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句例如： You

4、may be right.你可能是对的。2.4 过去式 might 表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如： Might I use your pen for a while?我能用用你的钢笔吗？2.5 在口语中can 可以代替may 表示许可，但can 较随便， may 更正式例如： Can I use your bike, John?约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗？May I have a look at your license please, sir?先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗3.must的用法3.1 表义务，“必须”例如： You must talk to them about their

5、study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。3.2 在否定结构中表不许、禁止例如： You mustnt leave here.你不能离开这儿。3.3 表坚定的建议例如： You must come and see us as soon as you get toShanghai.一到上海你就得马上来见我们。3.4 表推测，暗含有很大的可能性例如： He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。注意may 暗含的可能性较小，must暗含的可能性较大。3.5 关于 must 的简短回答：例如： Must I clean the dining

6、room at once?我必须马上打扫餐厅吗？-Yes, you must.-No, you neednt.-No, you dont have to.4.have to的用法have to 虽属于情态动词，但它有人称、数的变化，它的疑问句否定句的构成也和其他情态动词有所不同。4.1 have to 表客观的需要和义务，must 表主观认识例如： I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。4.2 在疑问句和否定句中，have to多用助动词 do 构成，must 则直接提前或加 not 。例如： Did he hav

7、e to do it?他得做那件事吗？ He didnt have to do it.他不需要做那件事。4.3 在否定句中， have to表示不需要， must表不允许。例如： You dont have to go there.你不需要去那儿。You mustnt go there?你不可去那儿。4.4 虽然 must 可以用在过去时态中， 但是 have to 更能直接了当的表达过去时间概念。例如： She must see Hubert that very night.她必须在那个晚上见到休伯特。I had to leave at six yesterday.我得在昨天6 点离开。5.

8、need 的用法need既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。作情态动词时，没有数和人称的变化，后接动词原形； 作实义动词时，有数的变化和人称的变化，后接带to 的不定式。5.1 用于否定句，表“不必”例如： You neednt worry.你不必担心。I dont think you need worry.我想你不必担心。5.2 用于疑问句，表“需要吗”例如： Need you go?你得去吗？-No, I neednt.不必。-Yes, I must.是的，我必须去。5.3 need 用作实义动词时，要注意始终以实义动词的标准贯彻到底例如：（正确） Do you need to go th

9、ere?（错误） Do you need go there?6.will和 would的用法6.1 will ，用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示 “意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。 would亦同理。例如： Hell be here this afternoon.今天下午他会来这儿。（助动词）Will you tell her that Im here?请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？（情态动词）6.2 用于各种人称，表示“意志”“决心”“允诺”例如： I will try. 我愿一试。6.3 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问例如： If you want help， let me kno

10、w, will you?如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗？Will you type this, please?请打印这个，好吗？Wont you sit down?请坐下，好吗？6.4 would 比 will 客气委婉例如： Would you help us, please?请您帮助我们，好吗？（表请求）Id go there with you.我要和你一块到那儿去。 （表意愿）Dad wouldnt allow it.爸爸不会允许这件事。 （表许可）7.shall 和 should 的用法7.1 shall 用于构成将来时是助动词，shall 用于征求对方的意见，表示“决心”是情态动词例

11、如： Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时，助动词）Shall I turn on the light, Mom?妈妈，我把灯打开好吗？（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）I shall be there. 我会到那儿去的。 （表“决心” ，情态动词）7.2 should 用于构成将来时是助动词。 should 用于表示“应当”“猜测”是情态动词例如： We thought we should never see you again. 我们以为再也见不到你了。 （构成一般过去将来时，

12、助动词） I should write some letters tonight. 今晚我得写几封信。（表“应当” ，情态动词）They should be there by now.他们现在可能到了。（表“猜测”，情态动词）8.ought to的用法ought to表示应该、理应做什么例如： You ought to clean the classroom , for it is your turn today. 你应该把教室打扫了，因为今天是你值日。9.情态动词表示“推测”的用法情态动词表示“推测”时，要记住以下两种推测和形式推测：对过去发生动作或状态的推测；对现在状态的推测。两种形式：用

13、情态动词加完成时态表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测；用情态动词加动词原型表示对现在发生动作或状态的推测。具体用法如下：9.1 must have done 表示过去一定做了什么， 语气十分肯定例如： You must have finished your work.你一定完成了你的工作。9.2 can t have done表示过去不可能做了什么，语气也比较肯定 (是上面的否定形式)例如： He cant have gone to Beijing, for I had a talk withhim just now. 他不可能去过北京，因为我刚和他交谈过。9.3 needn thave done

14、 表示过去没有必要做什么但已经做了。例如： You neednt have come earlier. 你不需要来这么早的。9.4 shouldhavedone 过去该做什么但没有做。(含有责备的意思 )。例如： You should have started earlier. 你本应该早点开始的。9.5 shouldn t have done表示过去不该做什么但做了。(含有责备的意思)例如： You shouldn thavehelpedhim,he coulddo ithimself. 你本不该帮助他的，他能自己做。9.6 ought to have done表示过去该做什么而没有做。(是

15、职责和义务 )例如： You ought to have helped him. (but you didn你t.)应该帮助他的。9.7 can/coulddo sth. 表示对现在情况的猜测，常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如： This news can t be true. 这消息不可能是真的。 9.8 may/might do sth. 表示对现在情况的猜测， 常用于肯定句中。例如： Mr.WangmayknowProfessorLi stelephonenumber. 王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。针对性练习：1) You_ all those clothes! We have

16、a washing machine to do that sort of thingA)neednthavewashedB)shouldnthavewashedC)mustnothavewashedD)cannothavewashed2) Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night.A) shouldstudyB) shouldhavestudiedC)must have studiedD) must have to study3) The room is in a terrible mess; it

17、_cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) cant have been B) shouldnt have been C)mustnt have beenD) wouldnt have been4)Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands. They _ from South America on rafts.A) must have sailedB) can sailC) might havesailedD) should have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afte

18、rnoon. She _ in her classroom.A) shouldhavebeenB) musthavebeenC)must beD) should be6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind.A) cant have changedB) wouldnt have changedC)musthavechangedD)shouldnthavechanged7) You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will beon TV tonight

19、.A) neednt goB) had better not goC) shouldnot goD) neednt have gone8) We_ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A) mustreceiveB) oughtto receiveC) musthave receivedD) ought to have received9) With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night.A) mustnt goB) shouldnt have goneC) couldnot goD

20、) couldnt have gone10) Eve was late for class again. She _earlier.A) shouldget upB) mustget upC) needtoget upD) should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate.A) neednt have eatenB) couldnt have eatenC) mustnt have eatenD) shouldnt have eaten12) I didnt send out my application form la

21、st week, but I_.A) hadB) woulddoC) shouldhaveD)might have to13) Walkingalone in thedesertedvillage, John wasscared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him.A) might have askedB) should askedC) musthave askedD) should have asked14) When Igot tothecinema, thefilmhadalreadystarted; I_ there earlier.A) ought

22、to getB) ought to have gotC) musthave gotD) must get15) The road was muddy. It_ last night.A) must rainedB) must have rainedC) mustbe rainedD) could have rained16) She can speak quite fluent English. She_.A) must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB) must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC) should

23、have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD) May be in the U.S.A. for some time17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_.29) It was really very dangerous; you _ him seriously.A)mighthaveinjuredB)couldinjureC)should have injuredD) must injure30) As he had heart attack, he was told that h

24、e _continue the work.A) neednt B) may notC) mustntD) cant31) An Englishman who _not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A) mustB) couldC) mayD) might32) I _like to make a suggestion.A) could B) would C) must D) might33) I know things are hard with you, but you _try to get over the difficulties

25、.A) canB) mayC) mustD) ought34 I cantfindtherecorderin the room.It _bysomebody.A) may have been taken away B) may leaveC)may take awayD) must have taken away35) He _the 9:20 train because he didnt leave hometill 9:25.A)canreachB) couldcatchC) maynotcatchD) couldnt have caughtA) was used to beB) used

26、 to beC) was used情态动词部分练习题答案toD) use to1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C18)-“ We didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday.”- “ He _it.”13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)BA) mustnt visitB) cant have visitedC) should33)C

27、34)A 35)Dhave gone to seeD) may see1.You _angry with her, for she is very young.19)Mary_my letter,otherwiseshewouldhaveA. need not to beB. don tneed toC. neednotreplied before now.beD. need notA) should have receivedB) has received2.“ It _Mary who is in the office.”C)CouldnthavereceivedD) ought toha

28、ve“ I m sure ither. I saw her off at the airport justreceivedtwenty minutes ago.”20)I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but IA. can tbe, can tbeB.mustbe,was short of money.mustn t beA) would have liked to giveB) liked to giveC. must be, can tbeD.can tbe,C) have liked to giveD) would like t

29、o givemustn t be21)-“ Where _myumbrella?” -“ Somebody3.You look pale. You _ill._ it away by mistake.”A. can beB. must beC. should beA)is,musthavetakenB) is, musttakeC)D. has to behave been, must takeD) is, takes4.You _in your exercises in time so that you can22)What _ would happen if the director kn

30、ew youget them back now.felt that way?A. should handB. shall handA)willyousupposeB) yousupposeC)doC. ShallhavehandedD. shouldhaveyou supposeD) you would supposehanded23)Two eyes _see more than one.5.He saw her only a minute ago, so he said that sheA) canB) mayC) willD) should_ not have gone to Tibet

31、.24)_ you continue in your efforts and achieve newA. mustB. couldC. mightD.and greater successes.needA) WouldB) WillC) MayD) Should6.“ Won t you tell me more about your problems?”25)We ought to help each other in our work, _?“ I _talk about it any more.”A) oughtnt weB) should weC) shouldnt weA.would

32、rathernottoB.wouldn tratherC.D) ought to wewould rather notD. wouldn t rather to26)Tom _ better than to ask Dick for help.7.“ My goodness I just missed the train.”A)shall knowB)shouldntknowC)has“ That toos bad.Iamsureyou_it, ifyouhadknownD) should have knownhurried.”27)You_yourtoothpulledoutbeforeit

33、rotA.couldhavecaughtB. hadcaughtC.wouldcompletely.catchD. could catchA) had better gotB) had to get betterC) had8.I _ tell her the truth.better to getD) had better getA. cannot helpB. cannot butC. may not helpD.28)When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt startedcould butyet, so we _.9.It was so dar

34、k outside that he didn t _.A)neednthurryB)didntneedhurryC)A. dare to go out to fetch some waterB. dareneednt to hurryD) neednt have hurriedfetch some waterA.mustB.shouldC.oughttoC. dare to go out bring some waterD. to dareD. have toto fetch some water30.He ought _have done so even if possible.10.He

35、left yesterday, so he _ in Beijing.A.nottoB.tonotC.notA.mayarriveB.mayhavearrivedC.mustD. neverarriveD. arrived31.It _be difficult to learn Tibetan.11.Comrade Li _ be in Beijing because I saw him inA. shallB. mustC. shouldD.town only a few minutes ago.needA. mustn t B. can t C. may not D. isn t able

36、 to32.He promised he _not do it any more.12.You _ go now. It s getting late.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD.A. hadratherB. wouldratherC.hadbetter D.couldwould better33.I_havebeenhere,butI_notfindthe13.Since she is angry, we _.time.A. had better to leave her aloneB. shouldA.should,wouldB.should,couldC.mig

37、ht,leave her alonecouldD. could, couldC. might as well leave her aloneD. must leave34.I want to go the doctor, but you _with me.her aloneA. need not to goB. do not need goC. need not14.Look, what you ve done! You _ more careful.goD. need go notA. may be B. had to C. should have been D. would be35.I

38、don t believe him. He _ be serious.15.She _ for what she has done.A. needn tB. can tC. mayn tD.A. ought to praiseB. ought be praisedC. oughtmustntto praisedD. ought to be praised36.Wouldyou liketo seethemovietonight?I _16.I _get this done immediately or it will be toomeet you at the gate of the Stud

39、ent Center.late.A.mayB. willC.mustD.A. canB. shallC. mayD. mustought to17._ I ask your name, please?37.I _ not getawayanysooneralthoughI hadA. WillB. ShallC. MayD. Mustplanned to leave earlier.18.Why _ you always interrupt me?A.shouldB.wouldC.couldA. canB. willC. mayD.D. mightmust38. She quickened h

40、er pace in order that she _ with19.He _ blind not to see that car coming.the others.A. can have beenB. will have beenC. may haveA. may catch upB. might catch upbeenD. must have beenC. couldhavecaughtupD. mighthave20.He wasa goodswimmer sohe_ swimto thecaught upriver bank when the boat sank.39. The b

41、oy stood there without _ a word.A. could B. might C. succeeded to D. was able toA. dare tosay B. daringtosayC. dared tosayD.21. _ repeat the question?dare sayA. Shall IB. Will IC. Would you like that40. _ you rather sit at the back?ID. Do you want that IA.Won tB.Wouldn tC.Don t22.Since the ground is

42、 wet, it _ last night.D. WillA.shouldhaverainedB.hasrainedC.must41. You _ yourself about money.rainD. must have rainedA. need not worryB. have worry23._open the door for you?C. are not being worriedD. need not beA. Would you like meB. Do you wantworriedme42. How _ so?C. Will you mind meD. Shall IA. dare you to say B. dare you sayC. do you dare24.ProfessorLi,man