前后缀词根表(较完整版-供查阅)

1、精品好资料学习推荐前缀、后缀、词根总结英语单词构词法前缀1. 表示否定意义的前缀(1) 纯否定前缀前缀举例a-, an-asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous (无水的)dis-dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-none, neither, nevernon-nonsenseun-unable, unemployment(2) 表示错误的意义前缀举例male-, mal-malfu

2、nction, maladjustment (失调)mis-mistake, misleadpseudo-pseudonym (假名), pseudoscience(3) 表示反动作的意思前缀举例de-defend, demodulation (解调)dis-disarm, disconnectun-unload, uncover(4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀举例anti-, ant-antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的)contra-, contre-, contro-contradiction, controflow (逆流)counter-counter

3、action, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀含义举例a-在之上、向aboard, asideby-附近、邻近、边侧bypath, bypasscircum-, circu-周围、环绕、回转circumstance, circuitde-在下、向下descend, degradeen-在内、进入encage, enbedex-, ec-, es-外部、外exit, eclipse, expand, exportextra-额外e

4、xtractionfore-在前面forehead, foregroundin-, il- im-, ir-向内、在内、背于inland, invade, inside, importinter-, intel-在间，相互international, interaction,intro-向内、在内、内侧introduce,medi-, med-, mid-中，中间Mediterranean, midpositionout-在上面，在外部，在外outline, outside, outwardover-在上面，在外部，向上overlook, overhead, overboardpost-向后，

5、在后面，次postscript (附言), postgraduatepre-在前，在前面prefix, preface, prepositionpro-在前、向前progress, proceedsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-在下面，下subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplementsuper-, sur-在之上superficial, surface, superstructuretrans-移上，转上，在那一边translate, transform, transoceanicund

6、er-在下面，下的underline, undergroundup-向上，向上面，在上upward, uphold, uphill3. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀含义举例ante-, anti-先前，早于，预先antecedent, anticipateex-先、故、旧ex-president, ex-husbandfore-在前面、先前、前面foreword, foretellmid-, medi-中，中间midnight, midsummerpost-在后，后postwarpre-, pri-在前、事先、预先preheat, prewar, prehistorypro-在前、先、前pro

7、logue (序幕), prophetre-再一次、重新retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀含义举例by-副、次要的byproductextra-超越、额外extraordinaryhyper-超过、极度hypersonic, hypertensionout-超过、过分outdo (超过), outbidover-超过、过度、太overeat, overdress, oversleepsub-, suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor, subordinate, successionsuper-, sur-超过supernatural, superpower,

8、surplusunder-低劣、低下undersize, undergrownvice-副、次vice-president, vice-chairman5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀含义举例com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-共同、一起combine, connect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym-同、共、和、类synthesis, sympathy6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀含义举例al-完整、完全alone, almostover-完全、全overall, overflow (充满)pan-全、总、万panentheism (泛神论), pano

9、rama (全景、概论)7. 表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀含义举例a-, ab-, abs-分离、离开away, apart, abstract, abstainde-离去、除去depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif-分离、离开disarm, divorceex-, e-离开、分离expel, exclude, expatriatefor-离开、脱离forgive, forgetre-离开release, resolvese-分离、隔离separate, seduce, select8. 表示通过、遍及意思的前缀前缀含义举例dia-通过、横过diameter, diagr

10、amper-, pel-通、总、遍perfect, perform, pervade (浸透)trans-横过、贯通transparent, transmit, transport9. 表示加强意思的前缀前缀举例a-arouse, ashamedad-adjoin, adhere (粘着)10. 表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀举例be-befriend (帮助、扶助)en-enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist

11、, attend, attract, arrange, assign11. 表示数量关系的前缀前缀含义举例mono-, mon-单一、一monotone, monopoly, monarchambi-, bi-, di- twi-二、两、双ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci-十decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, centi-百，百分之一hectometer, centimeterkilo-千、千分之一kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, me

12、g, micro-万、万分之一myriametre, megabyte, microvoltmulti-, mult-, poly-许多、复、多数multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-半、一半hemisphere, demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula12. 表示特殊意义的前缀前缀含义举例arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect, archbishopauto-自己、独立、自动automobile, autobiographybene-善

13、、福benefiteu-优、美好eugenics (优生学), euphemismmale-, mal-恶、不良maltreatment, malodormacro-大、宏大macroscopic (宏观)magni-大magnificentmicro-微microscope13. 表示术语的前缀前缀含义举例aud-听、声audiencebio-生命、生物biographyge-地球、大地geographyphon-声、音调phonographtele-远离television, telephone英语单词构词法后缀1. 名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人后缀含义举例-an, -ian地方

14、的人，精通的人American, historian-al具有职务的人principal-ant, -ent者merchant, agent, servant, student-ar的人scholar, liar-ard, -art做的人coward, laggard, braggart-arian派别/主义的人，humanitarian, vegetarian-ary从事的人secretary, missionary-ate具有职责的人candidate, graduate-ator做的人educator, speculator-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat, bureau

15、crat-ee动作承受着employee, examinee-eer从事于的人engineer, volunteer-er从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese国人，地方的人Japanese, Cantonese-ess阴性人称名词actress, hostess, manageress-eur家amateur, litterateur-ian地方人，信仰教的人，从事职业的人Christian, physician, musician-ician精通者，家electrician, magician, technician

16、-icist家，者，能手physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic者，师mechanic, critic-ie爱称，指小diaries, auntie, lassie-ier从事职业cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, -ina阴性人称heroine, ballerina-ist从事研究者，信仰主义者pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive动作者，行动者native, captive-logist学家，研究者biologist, geologist-or者author, doct

17、or, operator-ster做事情的人youngerster, gamester, songster-yer从事职业者lawyer(2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀含义举例-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy, diplomacy-age状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage, storage, marriage-al事物的动作、过程refusal, arrival, survival, denial表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance, importance

18、, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency性质、状态、行为、过程frequency, urgency, efficiency-bility动作、性质、状态possibility, feasibility-craft工艺、技巧woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracy统治、支配bureaucracy, democracy-cy性质、状态、职位、级别bankruptcy, supremacy-dom等级、领域、状态freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry行为、状态、习性bravery,

19、bribery, rivalry-ety性质、状态variety, dubiety-faction, -facture作成，化、作用satisfaction, manufacture-hood资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood, falsehood-ice行为、性质、状态notice, justice, service-ine带有抽象概念medicine, discipline, famine-ing动作的过程，结果building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition行为的过程、结果、状况action, solutio

20、n, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-ise性质、状态exercise, merchandise-ism制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity性质、状态、程度purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-mony动作的结果、状态ceremony, testimony-ness性质、状

21、态、程度goodness, kindness, tiredness-or, -our动作、性质、状态favor, error-osity动作、状态curiosity-ship情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业hardship, membership, friendship-th动作、性质、过程、状态depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tude性质、状态、程度latitude, altitude-ure行为、结果exposure, pressure, failure-y行为的结果、状态、性质glory, history, inquiry(3) 带有场所、地方

22、的含义后缀含义举例-age住所、地点village, cottage-ary住所、场地library, granary-ery, -ry工作场所、饲养地、地点laundry, nursery, surgery-ory工作场所、住处factory, dormitory, laboratory(4) 表示学术、科技含义后缀含义举例-grapy学，写法biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, -ics学，法logic, mechanics, optics-ology学，论biology, zoology, technology-nomy学，术astronomy, e

23、conomy-ery学科、学术chemistry, cookery, machinery-y学，术，法photography, philosophy(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义后缀举例-agebaggage, tonnage-domnewspaperdom-hoodneighbourhood, womanhood-rycavalry, ministry-urelegislature, judicature(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义后缀举例-ant, -entsolvent, constant-alsignal, pictorial-arcollar, pillar-erboile

24、r, computer, washer, cooker-erydrapery-ingclothing, matting-mentinstrument, equipment, attachment(7) 表示“细小”的意思后缀举例-cleparticle-culemolecule-elparcel-enchicken, maiden-etpocket, ticket-etta, -ette, -ettocigarette-kinnapkin-lingduckling-letbooklet-ybaby, doggy2. 形容词后缀(1) 带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义后缀举例-able, -ibl

25、emovable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-alnatural, additional, educational-an, -aneurban, suburban, republican-ant, -entdistant, important, excellent-arsimilar, popular, regular-arymilitary, voluntary-ic, -atic, -icalpolitic, systematic, physical-inemasculine, feminine, marine-ingmov

26、ing, touching, daring-ishfoolish, bookish, selfish-iveactive, impressive, decisive-orysatisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eelfragile, genteel(2) 表示“相像，类似”的含义后缀举例-ishboyish, childish-esquepicturesque-likemanlike, childlike-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-sometroublesome, handsome-ymilky, pasty

27、(3) 表示“充分的”含义后缀举例-fulbeautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ousdangerous, generous, courageous, various-entviolent(4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义后缀举例-enwooden, golden, woolen-ousgaseous-ficscientific(5) 表示方向的含义后缀举例-erneastern, western-warddownward, forward(6) 表示“倍数”的含义后缀举例-bledouble, treble-pletriple-foldtw

28、ofold, tenfold(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义后缀举例-teenthirteen-tyfifty-thfourth, fiftieth(8) 表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义后缀举例-anRoman, European-eseChinese-ishEnglish, Spanish(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义后缀举例-ergreater-ishreddish, yellowish-esthighest-mostforemost, topmost(10) 其他的含义后缀含义举例-less否定countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀后缀含义举例-ize, -

29、ise做成，变成，化modernize, mechanize, organize-en是成为，引起，使有quicken, weaken, soften, harden-fy使化，使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify-ish使，令finish, abolish, diminish, establish-ate成为，处理，作用separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀后缀举例-lypossibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wardsdownward, inwards, upward-waysalways, s

30、ideways-wiseotherwise, clockwise英语单词构词法词根词根含义举例aer, ar空气，大气aeroplane, aerialag, act, ig做，动作active, agent, reactionalt高altitudealter, altern, altr其他，变更alternatebio, bi, bion生物，生命biology, bionicsbrev, bri, brief短brief, abbreviation, abridgecap, capt, cept, cip取，获capture, except, concept, capacityced,

31、ceed, cess行，让步proceed, succeed, excesscentr中心concentrate, eccentricclain, clam呼喊claim, proclaim, exclaimclos, clud闭合conclude, enclose, includecol, cult耕耘colony, cultivate, agriculturecor, cord心cordial, record, accordcurr, cur, cour跑，动作current, occur, concurrencedic, dict说，示dictate, edit, indicate, p

32、redictdoc, doct教doctor, documentduc, duct引导、传导introduce, produce, conductfact, fac, fect, dic, dit做，创造factory, effect, profit, facultyfend, fens打，击defense, offencefer搬运，转移ferry, transfer, deferfin, finit终、极final, finish, confinefirm坚固firm, confirm, affirmfix固定prefix, affixflect, flex弯曲flexible, refl

33、exflor, flour, flower花flower, flourishform形uniform, formula, transform, reformforc, fort力，强度force, enforce, effortgen, genit生产，发生generate, generationgram, graph书写，记录telegram, diagram, photographgrad, gress, gred, gree步，阶段gradually, degree, progresshab, habit, hibit保持，住inhabit, exhibit, prohibither,

34、hes粘附adhere, cohesionject, jet抛射project, injectjour日，一天journal, adjourn, journeyjug, junct结合，连合conjunction, junctionlabour, labor劳动，工作labourer, elabourate, collaboratelect, leg, lig挑选，采集collect, select, lecturelif, liv生活，生存life, aliveloc场所，位置location, dislocatelong, leng, ling长的length, prolong, ling

35、erloqu, locut说话colloquial, eloquentmand, mend命令command, demand, recommendman, manu手，手法manage, manualmemor, member记忆memory, remember, memorialmind, ment心mind, remind, mentalmerc, merch贸易commerce, merchantmeas, mens, meter, metr测量，度量measure, meter, diametermin小diminish, minoritymiss, mit派遣，送mission, d

36、ismiss, transmit, missilemob, mot, mov动movement, motion, mobile, removenect, nex捆扎connect, disconnect, annexnot记号，注意note, denote, annotationonom, onym名字synonym, autonym, anonymouspair, par相同，对等compare准备preparepel, puls追逐expel, impelpend, pens, poud悬挂depend, independent, expensephon声音symphony, telephone, microphoneplac位置，场所place, replacepeopl, popul, publ人民，民众public, republic, popular, people